Uma uphuza imithi isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi uma kufanele uyifake emthanjeni, kuyacasula kakhulu ukufaka izinaliti emithanjeni yakho nsuku zonke, akunjalo? Ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukuthola umthambo, futhi uma uqhubeka ufaka izinaliti emithanjeni yakho, ungayilimaza. Ngakho-ke namuhla sikhuluma ngedivayisi ekhethekile engaba usizo kakhulu kokubili ezigulini nakodokotela ezimweni ezinjengalezi. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi umugqa ophakathi, noma i-CVC.
Uyini ngempela umugqa ophakathi (i-CVC)?
Kalula nje, umugqa ophakathi uyipayipi elincane kakhulu, elide, eliguquguqukayo elifakwa emthanjeni omkhulu emzimbeni wakho. Ngokuvamile lifakwa emthanjeni omkhulu entanyeni yakho, esifubeni, esinqeni, noma engalweni, kanti elinye icala lepayipi lifakwe emthanjeni oyinhloko othwala igazi liye enhliziyweni (i-`vena cava`).
Cabanga ngakho 'njengomgwaqo omkhulu' okhethekile ofakwa egazini lakho. Ngale 'mgwaqo omkhulu', odokotela nabahlengikazi bangafinyelela kalula egazini lakho.
Ingxenye ephumayo yale tube ingaba ngezinhlobo ezimbili:
1. Njengesivikelo: Lena yingxenye ebonakala ngesikhumba sakho. Yilapho izinto ezifana neshubhu le-saline elikunikeza imithi zixhunywa khona.
2. Njengesivikelo: Lena ithuluzi elincane, elingangemali, elifakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Kubonakala ukusikwa okuncane esikhumbeni. Uma kudingeka umuthi, kufakwa inaliti ekhethekile ngaleyo ndawo yokusikwa bese ingena esikhumbeni.
Inzuzo enkulu yalokhu ukuthi uma usuyifakile, ungenza izinto eziningi njengokuthatha umuthi, ukukhipha igazi, nokufaka usawoti, ngaphandle kokuthola inalithi njalo isikhathi eside .
Uyini umehluko phakathi komugqa ophakathi kanye ne-cannula evamile (i-Peripheral IV)?
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zomehluko phakathi kwe-cannula (ebizwa nangokuthi 'i-catheter') esivame ukuyithola esibhedlela kanye nalo mzila ophakathi. Uzoyiqonda kalula uma ubheka leli thebula.
| Isizathu soshintsho | Umzila Ophakathi (i-CVC) | I-cannula evamile (i-Peripheral IV) |
|---|---|---|
| Indawo yokufaka emzimbeni | Ifakwa emthanjeni omkhulu, ojulile entanyeni, esifubeni, esinqeni, noma engalweni engenhla. | Ngokuvamile ifakwa emthanjeni omncane, obonakala ngaphezu kwesikhumba , engalweni noma esandleni. |
| Usayizi nobude | Leli payipi lide kakhulu futhi lijiyile. Kudingeka libe lide ngoba kudingeka lisondele enhliziyweni. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona elinamapayipi amabili noma amathathu (lumens). Lawa asetshenziselwa ukunikeza izinhlobo eziningana zemithi ngesikhathi esisodwa. | Lokhu kufushane futhi kuncane. Kuhamba ibanga elifushane nje emthanjeni. |
| Isikhathi esingagcinwa emzimbeni | Kuye ngohlobo, ingagcinwa amasonto, izinyanga, noma ngisho neminyaka . | Ngokuvamile kudingeka ishintshwe njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa . |
Ubani odinga lo mzila ophakathi?
Odokotela bavame ukunquma ukubeka umugqa ophakathi kanjena lapho isiguli sidinga ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside. Isibonelo:
- Kwabagulayo abanomdlavuza: Qhubeka nokunikeza i-chemotherapy.
- Kweziguli zezinso: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nge-hemodialysis ukuze kuhlanzwe igazi.
- Kubantu abasebenzisa ama-antibiotic emithanjeni isikhathi eside: Ezinye izifo ezinzima zidinga amasonto amaningi okusebenzisa imithi.
- Kulabo abadinga ukudonswa igazi njalo: Abantu abanezinkinga zegazi kudingeka bathathwe amasampula egazi njalo.
- Kulabo abangakwazi ukudla ngohlelo lokugaya ukudla: Ezinye iziguli zidinga ukuphakelwa ngqo emithanjeni.
- Esimweni esiphuthumayo: Ezimweni ezifana ``nokushaqeka kwe-hypovolemic``, lapho kudingeka khona inani elikhulu loketshezi noma igazi ngokushesha ngemva kwengozi enkulu.
- Kulabo abathola ukwelashwa ekhaya: Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthola ukwelashwa ekhaya.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zemigqa ephakathi ezikhona?
Udokotela wakho uzokhetha uhlobo olukufanele ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho sezokwelapha kanye nokuthi ufuna ukulugcina isikhathi esingakanani. Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko.
| Thayipha igama | Incazelo (Lokhu kusebenza kanjani?) | Isikhathi esivame ukusetshenziswa |
|---|---|---|
| I-Catheter Ephakathi Yemithambo Engagobile | Lokhu kufakwa ngqo emthanjeni entanyeni, esifubeni, noma embotsheni. Kusetshenziswa ezimweni eziphuthumayo kanye nezidingo zesikhashana. | Ngaphansi kwamasonto amabili |
| Umugqa we-PICC (I-Catheter Ephakathi Efakwe Ngaphakathi) | Lokhu kufakwa ngomthambo ongakwesokunene bese kuthunyelwa enhliziyweni. Njengoba kusengalo, kulula kancane emisebenzini yansuku zonke. | Kusukela emavikini ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa |
| I-Catheter Ephakathi Yemithambo Enomhubhe | Lokhu kwenziwa ngenqubo encane yokuhlinzwa. Kunezindawo ezimbili lapho ipayipi lifakwa khona emthanjeni nalapho liphuma khona esikhumbeni. Ipayipi liphuma "ngomhubhe" omncane ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka. (Isibonelo: Broviac®, Hickman® ) | Izinyanga eziningana noma ngaphezulu |
| Imbobo Engaphansi Kwesikhumba (Imbobo Efakwe Esitsheni) | Lena idivayisi efihliwe ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Ifakwa ngokuhlinzwa okuncane. Akukho okubonakalayo ngaphandle. Inaliti ifakwa ngaphezu kwesikhumba kuphela uma kudingeka umuthi. Akukho mkhawulo ekugezeni noma ekubhukudeni. (Isibonelo: Port-a-Cath ) | Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kakhulu, izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezingu-3 |
Uyifaka kanjani le ntambo ephakathi?
Le nqubo yenziwa udokotela oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ngale njongo. Inqubo ingahluka kancane kuye ngohlobo lwe-CVC onayo.
Kwenzekani ngaphambi kokuba umugqa ophakathi ubekwe?
Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela inqubo, okuhlanganisa izinzuzo nezingozi. Lesi yisikhathi esihle sokubuza noma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo. Imvume yakho izotholakala. Esimweni esiphuthumayo, kungase kungabi khona isikhathi sale ngxoxo. Uzobekwa (ngokuvamile ulale phansi) futhi uxhunywe kuma-monitor ukuze uqaphe izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kanye nomfutho wegazi.
Kwenzekani uma ugqoka lokhu?
Esikhathini esiningi, uzonikezwa umuthi oqeda izinhlungu ukuze ungezwa ubuhlungu. Ungase futhi ulaliswe (ukupholisa). Inqubo ivame ukuhamba kanje:
1. Indawo yesikhumba lapho inaliti izofakwa khona ihlanzwa kahle futhi ihlanzwe ngamagciwane.
2. Bafaka umuthi ukuze baqede indawo.
3. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngosizo lwesithwebuli se-ultrasound, umthambo utholakala ngqo bese kufakwa inaliti kuwo.
4. Intambo encane (ucingo oluqondisayo) idlula ngenaliti bese ingena emthanjeni.
5. Indawo yokubhoboza ikhuliswa kancane ngensingo encane, bese kusetshenziswa idivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi i-dilator ukwenza indawo yepayipi le-CVC.
6. Ngemuva kwalokho, ithubhu le-CVC lidlula kancane phezu kwentambo bese lingena emthanjeni, lime lapho lifika endaweni efanele eduze kwenhliziyo.
7. Ekugcineni, ingxenye eveziwe yepayipi ithungelwa esikhumbeni bese kufakwa ibhandishi ukuze kugcinwe indawo ihlanzekile.
I-CVC kanye ne-port efakwe emhubheni kufakwa kusetshenziswa inqubo encane yokuhlinzwa. Uma kuyi-port, kwakheka 'iphakethe' elincane ngaphansi kwesikhumba, i-port ifakwa ngaphakathi, bese isikhumba sithungwa sivalwe.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokuyifaka?
Ngemva kokuba inqubo isiqediwe, kuzothathwa i-X-ray yesifuba ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ithubhu le-CVC lisendaweni efanele nokuthi azikho ezinye izinkinga. Uma konke kulungile, uzonikezwa imiyalelo yokuthi ungaya nini ekhaya nokuthi ungayinakekela kanjani ekhaya.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zokufakwa komugqa ophakathi?
- Kunciphisa ukuvama kokuhlatshwa ngezinaliti: Lokhu kunciphisa umonakalo emithanjeni yakho. Kuphinde kuqede ukwesaba nokungakhululeki kokuhlatshwa ngezinaliti.
- Ubuhlungu obuncane: Eminye imithi ingabangela ukuvuvukala kanye nobuhlungu emthanjeni uma inikezwa nge-cannula evamile. Lokhu kungakhululeki kuncane kakhulu nge-CVC.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside: Abantu abathola ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo akudingeki bashintshe i-cannula nsuku zonke.
Ingabe zikhona izingozi ezihilelekile?
Njenganoma iyiphi inqubo yezokwelapha, kunezingozi ezincane, kodwa lezi azivamile.
Ingozi enkulu nevame kakhulu ukutheleleka . Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi `(Ukutheleleka Kwegazi Okuhlobene Ne-Catheter - CRBSI)`. Uma indawo lapho ipayipi liphuma khona esikhumbeni ingagcinwa ihlanzekile, amagciwane angangena.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izinkinga eziningana ezingavela ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokubeka umugqa:
- Ukopha.
- Ukulimala kwamaphaphu (i-pneumothorax).
- Ukulimala kwemithambo noma imithambo yegazi.
- Ukuqhekeka kwegazi ngaphakathi komthambo (i-thrombosis).
Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokwenza konke okusemandleni alo ukunciphisa lezi zingozi, futhi into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza wena ukugcina indawo ye-CVC ihlanzekile kakhulu futhi ulandele imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela.
Uma kufanele ushayele udokotela wakho ucingo ngokushesha
Uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingezansi ngesikhathi usekhaya, kufanele ushayele udokotela wakho ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala . Lezi kungaba izimpawu zokutheleleka.
| Izimpawu zengozi - qaphela ngokushesha | |
|---|---|
| - Imfiva. | - Ubuhlungu noma ubuhlungu endaweni yokufaka i-CVC noma eduze kwayo. |
| - Ubomvu noma imicu ebomvu ezungeze isikhumba. | - Ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba esizungezile noma ukuzizwa ufudumele uma uthintwa. |
| - Uketshezi olufana nobomvu oluphuzi noma oluhlaza luyavuza. | - Uma ithubhu le-CVC libonakala liphuma (okusho ukuthi lingase likhululeke). |
Futhi, uma i-CVC yakho iphuma ngokuphelele ngengozi, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umugqa ophakathi (i-CVC) uyithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu elisiza iziguli ukuthola ukwelashwa kalula nangokuphephile, okugwema isidingo sezinaliti zansuku zonke ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwesikhathi eside.
- Udokotela wakho uzonquma uhlobo lwe-CVC olukufanele ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho.
- Ingozi enkulu yalokhu ukutheleleka, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukugcina isikhumba esingaphakathi naseduze kwe-CVC sihlanzekile kakhulu.
- Uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu zokutheleleka, njengomkhuhlane, ukubomvu, ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu, noma ubomvu, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukungabaza ngalokhu, zizwe ukhululekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
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