Ake sifunde ngokukhula kwekhanda nobuchopho bengane yakho (i-Cephalic Disorders)

Uma ungumama okhulelwe noma othile emndenini wakho ekhulelwe umntwana, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi konke ngempilo yengane yakho, akunjalo? Ngezinye izikhathi, kunezimo lapho ikhanda lomntwana, ubuchopho, noma umgogodla kungakhuli kahle esibelethweni. Lezi yizimo esizibiza ngokuthi yi-Cephalic Disorders . Ungesabi uma uzwa leli gama, nakuba liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, sizokhuluma ngalo kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Ziyini lezi zinkinga ze-Cephalic?

Kalula nje, izifo ze-cephalic yizimo ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, lapho umntwana ekhula esibelethweni, lapho ubuchopho nomgogodla kungakhuli kahle. Lokhu kungukukhubazeka kwezingxenye zesimiso sezinzwa. Lezi zimo ngezinye izikhathi zingabangela ukukhubazeka kwezinye izingxenye, izitho zomzimba, kanye nezinhlelo zomzimba.

Igama elithi "cephalic" livela egameni lesiGreki lasendulo elisho "ikhanda." Nakuba lezi zimo zihilela ubuchopho ngokuyinhloko, zingathinta nomgogodla, njengoba ubuchopho nomgogodla kukhula ndawonye. Ndawonye, ​​zakha iSistimu Yethu Yezinzwa Ephakathi (i-CNS) .

Lezi zimo zingahluka kusukela kwezincane kuya kwezinzima kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo ezinzima, ingane esanda kuzalwa ingase ingakwazi ukusinda kulezi zimo. Lokhu kungaholela ekuphuphumeni kwesisu phakathi kwamasonto okuqala angu-20 okukhulelwa, noma ukuzalwa kwengane ifile ngemva kwamasonto angu-20.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo zezifo ze-cephalic?

Yebo, ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bahlukanisa lezi zimo ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezintathu eziyinhloko:

1. Indawo lapho kuthinteke khona: Yiziphi izingxenye zesimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko (CNS) ezithintekile? Ingabe ezinye izingxenye, izitho zomzimba, noma izinhlelo zomzimba zithintekile?

2. Uhlobo lomphumela: Izingxenye ezithintekile zesimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko zithuthuke kanjani ngendlela ehlukile kunokulindelekile? Okusho ukuthi, zinkulu, zincane, noma zishintshile ngandlela thile?

3. Imbangela: Iyini imbangela yalokhu kubambezeleka kokukhula? Ingabe kungenxa yesigameko noma isici sendawo esithinte umama okhulelwe, noma ingabe kuyizakhi zofuzo?

Zivame kangakanani lezi zimo?

Izifo ze-cephalic empeleni ziyizimo ezingavamile kakhulu. Zithinta phakathi kuka-0.14% no-0.16% wezingane ezisanda kuzalwa. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi lezi zimo zibangela phakathi kuka-3% no-6% wokuzalwa kwezingane ezishonile.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezifo ze-cephalic?

Lezi zimo zingahlukaniswa kakhulu zibe izinhlobo ezintathu:

• Ukukhubazeka kwe-neural tube
• Umehluko wosayizi ( ekhanda noma ebuchosheni)
• Umehluko wobume ( ekhanda noma ebuchosheni)

Iziphambeko Ze-Neural Tube

I-neural tube iyisakhiwo esikhethekile esikhula embungwini ngenyanga yokuqala yokukhulelwa. Yilokhu lapho ubuchopho, umgogodla, kanye nomgogodla kukhula khona kamuva. Ngamanye amazwi, kuyisisekelo sesimiso sezinzwa somntwana. Ngakho-ke, lezi zimo ezihlobene ne-neural tube zithinta ngqo ukuthuthukiswa kwesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi (CNS).

Lezi zimo zingabangela ukuthi izinyathelo ezithile ekukhuleni kobuchopho noma komgogodla zingahambi kahle, noma zingenzeki nhlobo. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• I-Anencephaly: Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu lapho izingxenye eziningi zobuchopho kanye nogebhezi zingakhuli kahle noma zingakhuli nhlobo.
• I-Encephalocele: Imbobo ekhanda ebangela ukuthi izicubu zobuchopho kanye noketshezi lomgogodla kuphume ekhanda njengesikhwama.
• I-Spine bifida: Ukwehluleka komgogodla ukukhula ngokugcwele. Kunezinye izinhlobo zalokhu, njenge-meningocele kanye ne-myelomeningocele.
• Ukukhubazeka kwe-Chiari: Isimo lapho ingxenye yobuchopho iphuma khona ngembobo engezansi kwekhanda. (Uhlobo lwesibili lungabangela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-myelomeningocele esibizwa ngokuthi i-spina bifida.)

Umehluko Wosayizi

Lezi izinguquko ezithinta ubukhulu bekhanda noma uhlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi. Cabanga ngakho, ngezinye izikhathi ikhanda lingaba likhulu kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi lingaba lincane kakhulu.

• Umehluko wosayizi wekhanda:
• I-Macrocephaly: Ukuba nekhanda elikhulu ngokungavamile.
• I-Microcephaly: Ukuba nekhanda elincane ngendlela engavamile.
• Izinguquko zosayizi wobuchopho:
• I-Megalencephaly: Ukuba nobuchopho obukhulu ngokungavamile.
• I-Microencephaly: Ukuba nobuchopho obuncane ngendlela engavamile.

Umehluko Wokuma

Lezi izinguquko esimweni sekhanda noma ubuchopho.

• Izinguquko esimweni sekhanda:
• I-Acrocephaly: Ikhanda eliphakeme noma eliyindilinga.
• I-Brachycephaly: Ikhanda libanzi futhi liyisicaba ngemuva, esikhundleni sokuba yindilinga.
• Izinguquko esimweni sobuchopho:
• I-Holoprosencephaly: Ama-hemispheres (izinhlangothi) zobuchopho awahlukanisiwe.
• I-Lissencephaly: Ubuchopho obubushelelezi obungenamibimbi noma amaqhubu afana neminwe ebusweni bobuchopho.
• I-Hydranencephaly: Isimo lapho ama-hemispheres obuchopho engakhuli kahle ngenxa yoketshezi oluningi lwe-cerebrospinal ekhanda. (Lokhu kuhlukile esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-hydrocephalus.)

Ziyini izimpawu zalezi zimo?

Izimpawu zezifo ze-cephalic ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngesimo. Ngenxa yokuthi ziningi kakhulu lezi zimo, izimpawu zingahlukahluka kakhulu.

Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile ezivame ukubonakala yilezi:

• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo.
• Ukuquleka noma isifo sokuwa.
• Izinkinga zokulawula imisipha kanye nokuphazamiseka kokunyakaza.
• Ukulahlekelwa ingxenye noma okuphelele kwamakhono okuzwa (ukubona, ukuzwa, ukuhogela, ukunambitha, ukuthinta).
• Ubuthakathaka noma ukukhubazeka okubangelwa izinkinga zomgogodla noma imizwa yomgogodla.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwezinqubo zomzimba ezizenzakalelayo njengokugaya ukudla nokuphefumula.
• Ubuhlungu (lokhu kungabangelwa yizizathu ezahlukahlukene futhi kungahluka kumuntu nomuntu).

Ngaphezu kwalezi zinkinga zemizwa, ezinye izinhlelo emzimbeni nazo zingathinteka noma zibe nezinkinga. Lokhu kungahluka kakhulu kuye ngembangela kanye nesimo esiyisisekelo. Udokotela wakho angachaza kangcono izimpawu ezingase zivele kuye ngesimo sakho esithile.

Yiziphi izimbangela zezinkinga ze-Cephalic?

Noma yini ethinta indlela ubuchopho noma uhlelo lwezinzwa olukhula ngayo ingabangela ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Lezi zimbangela ezingaba khona ziwela ezinhlotsheni eziningana eziyinhloko:

• Izakhi zofuzo: Izifo eziningi ze-cephalic zingabangelwa izinguquko ze-DNA ezizuzwe kubazali noma ezisanda kwenzeka.
• Izimo zezokwelapha zomama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Izimo zezokwelapha ezahlukahlukene zingathinta ukukhula komntwana osanda kuzalwa. Isibonelo, izifo ze-metabolic kanye nokuntuleka kokudla okunempilo (ikakhulukazi amaminerali afana nethusi, i-zinc kanye ne-folate (i-folic acid - i-vitamin B9). Futhi, ezinye izifo ezifana ne-toxoplasmosis, i-cytomegalovirus noma i-rubella zingabangela lezi zimo.
• Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezithile: Izinto ezithile, imithi, noma izimo zemvelo kungathinta ukukhula kombungu. Ochwepheshe babiza lezi ngokuthi "ama-teratogens." Izibonelo: izinsimbi ezinobuthi ezifana ne-lead kanye ne-mercury, amanye ama-antibiotic, noma izinto zokunciphisa igazi.
• Izimo zemvelo: Ukuchayeka emisebeni, njengemishini ye-X-ray, noma ukuchitha isikhathi kumabhavu ashisayo noma kuma-sauna, nakho kungathinta ingane engaphansi kombungu. Ukulimala ngokomzimba ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungandisa nengozi yokulimala kwengane engaphansi kombungu futhi kuthinte ukukhula kwesimiso sezinzwa.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zalezi zimo?

Kunezici eziningi eziyingozi zezifo ze-cephalic. Ezinye izici, njengezakhi zofuzo zakho nomlando womndeni, zingaphezu kwamandla ethu. Ezinye, njengokugwema imisebenzi ethile noma imisebenzi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, noma ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezithile zezinhlanzi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (izinhlanzi ezidla ezinye izinhlanzi zinamazinga aphezulu e-mercury).

Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi unqume izinto ezikubangela ingozi nokuthi yini ongayenza ngazo. Uma othile emndenini wakho enezinkinga ze-cephalic, angase akuncome ukuthi ubonane nomunye uchwepheshe, njengomeluleki wezakhi zofuzo.

Yiziphi izinkinga ze-Cephalic Disorders?

Njengalezi zimo, izinkinga zazo nazo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ezinye izimo zinezinkinga ezincane kuphela, noma zingase zingabi nezinkinga nhlobo. Ezinye zinezinkinga ezinkulu, njengezinkinga zokuphefumula, ukuquleka, noma isifo senhliziyo. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izifo ze-cephalic zivimbela ubuchopho kanye nesistimu yezinzwa ukuthi zingakhuli kahle. Yingakho izimo ezinzima zivame ukuba yingozi empilweni.

Udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukukutshela ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga ingane yakho engase ibe nazo nokuthi yini ongayenza ngazo.

Izifo ze-cephalic zitholakala kanjani?

Izifo eziningi ze-cephalic zingatholakala ngaphambi kokuzalwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokuthwebula izithombe njenge-sonography. Ezinye zingatholakala ngemva kokuzalwa ngokuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Kwezinye izimo, kungadingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kokuxilonga, ukuthwebula izithombe, kanye nokuhlolwa kwelebhu ukuze kutholakale ngokunembile isimo esiyisisekelo.

Nazi ezinye izivivinyo ezingenziwa ngaphambi nangemva kokuzalwa komntwana:

• I-X-ray noma i-Computed Tomography (CT) scan.
• Ukuskena kwe-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
• Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu egazini noma kolunye uketshezi lomzimba.
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo (ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuzalwa).

Kuye ngesimo okusolwayo, izimpawu, kanye nezinye izici, ezinye izivivinyo zingenziwa ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana. Udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukukutshela okwengeziwe ngezivivinyo abazincomayo.

Ziphathwa kanjani lezi zimo? Zingelapheka yini?

Ukwelashwa kwezifo ze-cephalic kuyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ezinye izimo azelapheki, futhi imiphumela yazo inzima kakhulu kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuphila nazo.

Ezinye izimo zingelashwa ngokuhlinzwa noma ezinye izindlela. Kodwa-ke, izifo eziningi ze-cephalic azinakwelashwa ngokuqondile, futhi okuwukuphela kwendlela ukuzama ukuphatha izimpawu. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwemithi, ukuhlinzwa, amadivayisi okusiza, kanye nama-braces okulungisa.

Ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kungahluka kakhulu, udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukuchaza ukuthi yiziphi izinketho ezitholakalayo kuwe noma kothandekayo wakho. Bangakutshela ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha nezinketho ezitholakalayo, yini abayincomayo, nokuthi yini ongayiyenzela ingane yakho ukuze ithole okuningi ekwelashweni noma ikwenze kusebenze kangcono.

Yini engingayilindela uma ingane yami inesifo se-cephalic?

Ngokuvamile, wena, umzali, umnakekeli, noma omunye umnakekeli, ningabantu bokuqala ukwazi ukuthi ingane yakho inesifo se-cephalic. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izifo eziningi ze-cephalic zitholakala ekuzalweni noma eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala yokuphila. Lokhu kungahluka kakhulu, ngakho udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukukutshela ukuthi yini ongayilindela.

Ezinye izifo ze-cephalic zingase zibe nomthelela omncane empilweni yengane futhi zingaphathwa ngosizo noma izinguquko ezincane. Ezinye zingalungiswa ngisho nasebuntwaneni ngokuhlinzwa noma ezinye izinqubo zezokwelapha.

Kodwa-ke, izifo ze-cephalic zivame ukuba zimbi kakhulu. Zinganciphisa ikhono lengane lokuzinakekela, ukuzenzela izinqumo, noma ukuphila ngokuzimela. Ezimweni eziningi, izingane ezinalezi zimo zinomonakalo omkhulu wobuchopho. Zingase zingakwazi ukuzinakekela noma ukuqonda isimo sazo.

Lezi zimo zihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Izifo ze-cephalic ziyizimo zokuzalwa, okusho ukuthi zikhona lapho kuzalwa. Nakuba ezinye zingalungiswa ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele ngemva kokuzalwa, eziningi azikwazi. Uma zingenakulungiseka noma zelashwe, ziyizimo zokuphila konke.

Iyini inhloso yalezi zimo?

Umbono wezinkinga ze-cephalic uyahlukahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu, ngisho naphakathi kwabantu abanesimo esifanayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lezi zimo zingakhula ngezindlela ezihlukile kumuntu ngamunye. Udokotela wengane yakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukukutshela ngesimo esingenzeka nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuze usithuthukise.

Ingabe izifo ze-Cephalic zingavinjelwa?

Lezi zimo zingase zenzeke ngokungalindelekile, ngakho azinakuvinjelwa ngokuqiniseka okungu-100%. Nakuba izimo zofuzo ezibangela zona zivame ukutholwa njengefa, ngezinye izikhathi zingabangelwa ukuguquka okuzenzakalelayo, okusho ukuthi azidluliselwa kusuka kuwe kuya enganeni yakho.

Nakuba kungenakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele, kunezinto ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yezinkinga zokukhula kombungu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Yini engingayenza ukuze nginciphise ingozi?

Kunezindlela eziningana zokunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga ngokuthuthukiswa kwengane:

• Gwema ama-teratogens:Gwema ukuchayeka ezintweni ezisindayo, amakhemikhali, kanye nemithi esengozini enkulu yokuphazamisa ukukhula kombungu. Gwema notshwala, ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela, kanye nemikhiqizo kagwayi (kufaka phakathi i-vaping).
• Zivikele ezingozini: Gwema imisebenzi engabangela ukulimala komzimba embungwini ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Futhi, gwema imisebenzi ehilela amazinga okushisa aphezulu, njengezindawo zokuphuza amanzi ashisayo kanye nama-sauna.
• Yazi ingozi yomndeni wakho: Uma othile emndenini wakho enomlando wezinkinga ze-cephalic, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi kufanele yini uhlolwe izakhi zofuzo ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe noma ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kwakho. Uma ingozi yomndeni wakho ingaziwa, udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ngokuthi kufanele yini uhlolwe.
• Beka phambili ukudla okunomsoco: Uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa maduze, kufanele ubeke phambili ukudla okunomsoco ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Qiniseka ukuthi uthola ukudla okunconywayo kwansuku zonke kwezakhamzimba ezibalulekile njenge-folate (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-folic acid noma i-vitamin B9). ESri Lanka, i-folic acid inikezwa njalo omama abakhulelwe. Udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ngenani olidingayo kanye nezinye izakhamzimba okufanele uzithathe. Ungacela neseluleko kuMsebenzi Wezempilo Yomndeni wangakini (PHM).

Ngingayinakekela kanjani ingane yami?

Ukuthi ingane enesifo se-cephalic inganakekelwa kanjani nokuthi inganakekelwa kanjani kuncike ezintweni eziningi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi isimo sengane kanye nobunzima bayo. Izingane eziningi ezinezinkinga ze-cephalic zithinteka kakhulu kangangokuthi zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha impilo yonke. Ezinye zingadinga ukuvakashelwa njalo kwezokwelapha. Ezinye zingadinga ukunakekelwa okuchwepheshile amahora angu-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto, okunganikezwa kuphela esikhungweni sezokwelapha.

Ngenxa yokuthi le mpendulo ingahluka kakhulu, udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukukutshela ukuthi ingane yakho, noma othandekayo wakho onalesi simo, angazinakekela yini. Udokotela wakho angakuqondisa nokuthi ungayinakekela kanjani ingane yakho kangcono.

Abazali abakhulelwe abafuni neze ukuzwa ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngokukhula kombungu noma ukuthi ingane yabo esanda kuzalwa inesimo esibucayi. Ezinye izifo ze-cephalic zincane, okusho ukuthi azinawo umthelela omkhulu noma azinawo nhlobo umthelela empilweni yomntwana. Ezinye zingelashwa. Ngeshwa, ezinye zinzima ngokwanele ukuba zibulale noma zibangele izinkinga zokuphila konke.

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba, ukhathazekile, noma uthukuthele lapho isimo esinjengalesi sithinta impilo yakho ngandlela thile. Phakathi nakho konke lokhu, kubalulekile ukugxila ekuzinakekeleni wena nabathandekayo bakho. Odokotela bakho bangakuqondisa kule nqubo futhi baphendule imibuzo mayelana nokuthi yini ongayilindela. Bangakusiza futhi ukuthola izinsiza kanye nokusekelwa okudingayo ukuze uqonde okwenzekayo nokuthi yini ongayenza. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umphumela uba yini, kunezinto ongazenza ukuze ubhekane nazo, uphathe, noma uphulukise kunoma yini eyenzekayo, futhi akuyona inqubo okufanele udlule kuyo wedwa.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

• Izifo ze-cephalic yizimo ezenzeka lapho ubuchopho bomntwana kanye nomgogodla kungakhuli kahle esibelethweni.
• Lokhu akuvamile, kodwa kungahluka kusukela kokuncane kuya kokubi kakhulu.
• Izizathu ziyahlukahluka: izakhi zofuzo, izimo zikamama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukuchayeka ezintweni ezithile, njll.
• Izimpawu, ukwelashwa, kanye nendlela obheka ngayo izinto iyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngesimo. Kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.
• Nakuba kungenakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele, ingozi ingancishiswa ngezinga elithile ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (ikakhulukazi ukuthatha i-folic acid) nokugwema izici eziyingozi.
• Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba esimweni esinjengalesi. Awuwedwa, thola usizo kodokotela kanye namaqembu okusekela.

Izinkinga Ze- Cephalic, Ukukhubazeka Kobuchopho, Ukukhubazeka Kwe-Neural Tube, I-Microcephaly, I-Hydrocephalus, Impilo Yokukhulelwa, Ukuthuthukiswa Kwengane Esanda Kuzalwa