Abesifazane abaningi bethu bayesaba lapho bezwa igama elithi Umdlavuza Wesibeletho. Kodwa uma ukwazi ngempela lokhu, asikho isizathu sokwesaba. Ngoba lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza olungavinjelwa ezimweni eziningi, futhi lungelapheka ngokuphelele uma lutholakala kusenesikhathi. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngalokhu ngesiSinhala esilula ongasiqonda, ngaphandle kokufihla lutho. Njengokukhuluma nomngane wakho omkhulu.
Kalula nje, uyini umdlavuza wesibeletho?
Umdlavuza wesibeletho umdlavuza oqala emaseli amboze umlomo wesibeletho, ingxenye yesibeletho sakho exhumanisa nesitho sakho sangasese sowesifazane. Awukhuli ngasikhathi sinye. Uqala lapho amaseli aphilile emlonyeni wakho wesibeletho eshintsha kancane kancane futhi eba amaseli angajwayelekile (amaseli angaphambi komdlavuza) angaba umdlavuza.
Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu igciwane elibizwa nge -HPV (Human Papillomavirus) . Eqinisweni, cishe amaphesenti ayi-100 ezigameko zomdlavuza wesibeletho zibangelwa ukutheleleka nge-HPV. Leli gciwane lidluliselwa ngocansi. Kodwa ungesabi uma uzwa lokhu. I-HPV iyigciwane elivame kakhulu. Abantu abaningi abahlanganyela ocansini bazotheleleka ngaleli gciwane ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yabo. Kodwa isikhathi esiningi, amasosha omzimba ethu ayaliqeda leli gciwane. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi leli gciwane lingaqhubeka ngaphandle kokususwa emzimbeni. Uma lokho kwenzeka, kunengozi yokuthi amaseli esibelethweni azoshintsha abe umdlavuza.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukuthola izivivinyo ezifana ne -Pap smears ngesikhathi kanye nokuthola umuthi wokugomela i-HPV kunganciphisa kakhulu le ngozi.
Esikhathini esiningi, lo mdlavuza awubonisi zimpawu ezinkulu kuze kube yilapho ususakazeke. Yingakho ukuhlolwa njalo kanye nomjovo we-HPV kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma kutholakala kusenesikhathi, kungelapheka kakhulu.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wesibeletho?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wesibeletho.
1. I-Squamous cell carcinomas: Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa phakathi kuka-80% no-90% womdlavuza wesibeletho.
2. I-Adenocarcinomas: Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luphakathi kuka-10% no-20%.
Ngezinye izikhathi, umdlavuza ungakhula njengenhlanganisela yazo zombili izinhlobo. Uma unenkinga yokukhumbula la magama, kulungile. Lokhu kubalulekile kodokotela. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uyazi izimpawu nokuthi ungazivimbela kanjani.
Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele?
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ezigabeni zokuqala zomdlavuza wesibelethoNgokuvamile ayibonisi zimpawu. Yingakho ibizwa nangokuthi umdlavuza ongabonakali. Izimpawu ziqala ukuvela ngemva kokuba umdlavuza usukhule kancane.
Kufanele ukhathazeke kancane ngalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo. Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi, sicela ungesabi futhi ubone udokotela wakho ukuze akunike iseluleko.
| Uhlobo lwesibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Izimpawu zokuqala |
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| Izimpawu ezingase zivele lapho umdlavuza usakazeka |
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Khumbula, akuwona wonke umuntu onalezi zimpawu onomdlavuza wesibeletho. Zingabangelwa nezinye izinkinga zempilo ezilula. Kodwa-ke, uma uzwa ukopha okungajwayelekile noma ukhipha uketshezi olungavamile esithweni sangasese sowesifazane, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza wesibeletho?
Kunezici eziningana eziyingozi ezingathinta ukukhula komdlavuza wesibeletho. Ezinye zazo singazilawula, kanti ezinye asikwazi ukuzilawula.
Izici eziyingozi esingazilawula
- Ukungahlolwa ngesikhathi: Abantu abangatholi ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap ngezikhathi ezihleliwe basengozini enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza wesibeletho ngoba ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kungathola amangqamuzana angaphambi komdlavuza ngaphambi kokuba abe umdlavuza.
- Ukutheleleka nge-HPV: Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, ukutheleleka nge-HPV kuyimbangela eyinhloko. Ukunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka nge-HPV kunganciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesibeletho.
- Impilo yocansi: Ukuya ocansini ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-18 nokuba nabalingani abaningi bocansi kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka nge-HPV.
- Ukubhema: Ukubhema ugwayi kwandisa kakhulu ingozi yomdlavuza wesibeletho.
- Ukutheleleka nge-HIV: Abantu abatheleleke nge-HIV basengozini enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza wesibeletho kunabantu abaningi.
- Ukuba nesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka: Uma isimiso somzimba sibuthakathaka, ikhono lomzimba lokulwa nezifo liyancipha.
Izici eziyingozi esingenakuzilawula
- I-DES (diethylstilbestrol): Lona umuthi owanikezwa abanye besifazane abakhulelwe ukuvimbela ukuphuphuma kwezisu phakathi kuka-1938 no-1971. Uma umama wakho ethathe lo muthi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ungase ube nengozi eyengeziwe kancane yomdlavuza wesibeletho.
- Umlando womndeni: Uma othile emndenini wakho (umama, udadewethu) eke waba nomdlavuza wesibeletho, nawe ungase ube sengozini ngenxa yethonya lezakhi zofuzo.
Kwenziwa kanjani ukuxilongwa?
Uma usola ukuthi unomdlavuza wesibeletho, udokotela wakho uzokuthumela izivivinyo eziningana.
1. Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Pap / I-Pap Smear: Lolu ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo nokubaluleke kakhulu. Kulolu vivinyo, kuthathwa isampula encane yamaseli ebusweni bomlomo wesibeletho bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kubonakale ukuthi akhona yini amaseli angajwayelekile.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV: Njengokuhlolwa kwe-Pap, lokhu kuhlolwa kusebenzisa isampula yamaseli athathwe emlonyeni wesibeletho ukuhlola ukuthi kukhona izinhlobo ze-HPV ezingase zidale umdlavuza.
3. I-Colposcopy: Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-Pap yakho ingavamile, lokhu ukuhlolwa okulandelayo ozokwenza. Lapha, udokotela uzosebenzisa ithuluzi lokukhulisa (i-colposcope) ukuhlola umlomo wesibeletho sakho. Noma yimaphi amaseli angajwayelekile angabonakala ngokucacile.
4. I-Biopsy: Uma kubonwa indawo esolisayo ngesikhathi se-colposcopy, ingxenye encane yezicubu iyasuswa kuleyo ndawo bese ithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kunezindlela eziningana zokwenza lokhu:
- I-biopsy Yokubhoboza: Ukusika ingxenye yethishu esolisayo ngethuluzi elincane.
- I-LEEP (Inqubo Yokususa Izicubu Ezingajwayelekile Nge-Loop Electrosurgical): Ukususwa kwezicubu ezingavamile kusetshenziswa iluphu yocingo kagesi.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-cone biopsy: Ukususwa kwengxenye enkulu yezicubu ezimise okwe-cone emlonyeni wesibeletho.
Uma lezi zivivinyo ziqinisekisa ukuthi unomdlavuza, kungadingeka ukuthi wenze ezinye izivivinyo, njenge -CT scan noma i-MRI scan , ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Lolu lwazi lusetshenziselwa ukuthola isigaba somdlavuza nokunquma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza wesibeletho?
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesibeletho kunqunywa yisigaba somdlavuza, iminyaka yakho, impilo yakho jikelele, kanye nokuthi unethemba lokuba nezingane yini esikhathini esizayo.
| Indlela yokwelapha | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlinzwa | Ezigabeni zokuqala, kususwa ingxenye yesibeletho enamaseli anomdlavuza noma sonke isibeletho kanye nomlomo wesibeletho kuphela (i-hysterectomy). Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa luyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi umdlavuza usakazeke kangakanani. |
| Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe | Ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza kusetshenziswa imisebe enamandla aphezulu (njenge-X-ray). Lokhu kungenziwa ngomshini ongaphandle komzimba noma ngokufaka into ekhipha imisebe emzimbeni. |
| Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali | Imithi ebulala umdlavuza ifakwa emzimbeni noma inikezwe njengamaphilisi. Le mithi ihamba egazini futhi ibulale amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma kuphi emzimbeni. |
| Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe | Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza imithi ehlose amaprotheni athile asiza amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukukhula nokusabalala, ngaphandle kokulimaza amangqamuzana anempilo. |
| Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy | Ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba wethu, okusivumela ukuthi sibone futhi sibhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza. |
Ngezinye izikhathi olunye noma ngaphezulu lwalezi zindlela zokwelapha kungadingeka zisetshenziswe ndawonye. Isibonelo, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ngemisebe kunganikezwa ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela konke lokhu.
Ingabe umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ungavinjelwa?
Impela kunjalo! Lezi yizindaba ezinhle kakhulu kulesi sihloko. Umdlavuza wesibeletho umdlavuza esingawuvimbela kakhulu. Kunezinto ezimbalwa esingazenza ngawo.
- Thola umuthi wokugomela i-HPV: Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Lo muthi wokugomela usiza ekuvikeleni ezinhlotsheni eziyinhloko ze-HPV ezibangela umdlavuza wesibeletho. Lo muthi wokugomela uvame ukunconywa amantombazane nabesifazane abasebasha. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthola lo muthi wokugomela uneminyaka efanele.
- Thola i-Pap smear ngesikhathi: Ngemva kokuqala ukuya ocansini, thola i-Pap smear ngesikhathi esinconywe udokotela wakho. Lokhu kungabona futhi kwelaphe amangqamuzana angajwayelekile ngaphambi kokuba abe umdlavuza.
- Yenza ucansi oluphephile: Ukusebenzisa amakhondomu nokunciphisa inani labalingani bocansi kungakusiza ekuvikeleni ku-HPV nakwezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi.
- Gwema ukubhema: Uma ubhema, yeka. Abantu ababhemayo banamathuba aphindwe kabili okuthola umdlavuza wesibeletho kunabangabhemi.
Kungcono kangakanani ukuvimbela umdlavuza ngaphambi kokuba ukhule kunokuhlupheka ngemva kokuba ukhule? Ngakho ukulandela lezi zinyathelo ezilula kuzoba yitshalomali enkulu kakhulu ongayenza empilweni yakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Imbangela eyinhloko yomdlavuza wesibeletho yigciwane elibizwa nge-HPV. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu onegciwane eliba nomdlavuza.
- Lo mdlavuza awubonakalisi izimpawu ezigabeni zawo zokuqala, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa ngesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Uma ukhipha uketshezi olungavamile esithweni sangasese sowesifazane, ukopha ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, noma ukopha ngemva kocansi, ungesabi ukubona udokotela.
- Umuthi wokugomela i-HPV kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-Pap smear ngesikhathi kuyizindlela ezimbili ezinhle kakhulu zokuvimbela umdlavuza wesibeletho.
- Uma utholakale kusenesikhathi, umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho uyisifo esingelapheka ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni sokuwesaba, kubalulekile ukuqaphela nokuthatha isinyathelo.
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