Igama elithi "chemotherapy" noma "chemo" liletha ukwesaba nokukhathazeka kwabaningi bethu. Mhlawumbe wena noma othandekayo wakho nitshelwe ngalokhu kwelashwa ngudokotela. Noma mhlawumbe nimane nifuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngakho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isizathu, ukwesaba okufika engqondweni uma uzwa leli gama kuyafaneleka. Kodwa empeleni, i-chemotherapy ingenye yezikhali ezinamandla nezisebenzayo esinazo ekulweni nomdlavuza. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sibeke eceleni okunye kokwesaba kwethu futhi sikhulume kalula nangokwethembeka ngokuthi kuyini ngempela, ukuthi kusebenza kanjani, nokuthi kungani kuvela imiphumela emibi.
Iyini ngempela i-chemotherapy?
Kalula nje, i-chemotherapy uhlobo lomuthi olunikezwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukuwavimba ekukhuleni kwawo. Lezi yizidakamizwa ezinamandla kakhulu. Zibizwa ngokuthi "izidakamizwa ze-chemo."
Ukuze siqonde ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kanjani, ake siqale sibheke amaseli emzimbeni wethu. Imizimba yethu yakhiwe ngamaseli ayizigidigidi. Amaseli anempilo ayahlukana uma kudingeka, enza amaseli amasha, futhi afe uma engasadingeki. Lena inqubo ehlelekile kakhulu. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'uMjikelezo Weseli'.
Kodwa amangqamuzana omdlavuza ayiqembu elihlukile, elingalindelekile. Awasebenzi ngale ndlela. Aqhubeka ehlukana futhi ekhula ngaphandle kokulawulwa, kodwa awafi. Lokhu kuhlukana okungalawuleki yikho okwakha amathumba. Lokhu kungalimaza nezicubu ezinempilo.
Yilapho i-chemotherapy ingena khona. Inhloso eyinhloko ye-chemotherapy ukuhlukanisa amaseli ngokushesha. Njengoba amaseli omdlavuza ewuhlobo lweseli elihlukana ngokushesha kakhulu, i-chemotherapy iya ngqo kula maseli omdlavuza. Iyamisa inqubo yokuhlukana kwalawo maseli futhi iwabhubhise. Okusho ukuthi, iyamisa ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana amasha omdlavuza.
Ingabe i-chemotherapy isetshenziselwa umdlavuza kuphela?
Ezimweni eziningi, yebo. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuyindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha umdlavuza. Udokotela wakho womdlavuza angase akuncome ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ngaphezu kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Isibonelo:
- Ukuhlinzwa: Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kunganikezwa ukuze kuncishiswe isimila ngaphambi kokuba sinqunywe futhi sisuswe. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kunganikezwa futhi ukuze kubulawe noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
- Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe: Ukunikeza ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy kungandisa impumelelo yokwelashwa.
- Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha: Ngezinye izikhathi zinikezwa kanye nezindlela zokwelapha zesimanje ezifana ne-'Immunotherapy' noma i-'Targeted Therapy'.
Kodwa kunezimo lapho i-chemotherapy ingasetshenziswa khona hhayi kuphela ngomdlavuza, kodwa nakwezinye izimo eziningana zezokwelapha.
- Izifo Zokuzivikela Emzimbeni:Kulezi zifo, uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu (amasosha omzimba) luhlasela ngephutha amangqamuzana ethu aphilile. Imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali ilawula ukukhula kwala maseli okuzivikela asebenza ngokweqile, inciphisa umonakalo awenzayo emzimbeni.
- Izinkinga Zegazi: Kwezinye izinkinga zegazi, umongo wethu wamathambo ukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi angajwayelekile. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kungadingeka ukufakelwa iseli le-stem. Ngaphambi kwalokho, kunikezwa i-chemotherapy ukuze kubhujiswe lawa maseli angajwayelekile futhi kuvuleke indlela yamangqamuzana amasha anempilo.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zemithi ye-chemotherapy?
Nakuba ibizwa ngokuthi "i-chemo," akuyona nje umuthi owodwa. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemithi ye-chemo. Ihlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana ngokusekelwe kulokho eyenziwe ngakho nokuthi ibulala kanjani amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha umuthi noma inhlanganisela yemithi engcono kakhulu kuwe ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lomdlavuza onawo, ukuthi ususakazeke kangakanani (isigaba), kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Ngezinye izikhathi, esikhundleni somuthi owodwa nje, kunikezwa imithi eminingana ndawonye. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-combination chemotherapy . Lokhu kwenzelwa ukwenza ukwelashwa kuphumelele kakhudlwana. Ngoba umuthi ngamunye uhlasela amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngendlela ehlukile. Kuphinde kusize ekuvimbeleni umzimba ukuthi ungamelani nomuthi ofanayo.
Ithebula elingezansi libala izinhlobo eziningana ezinkulu zemithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali.
| Igama leqembu le-Chemo | Zisebenza kanjani? | Ezinye izibonelo |
|---|---|---|
| Ama-Alkylating Ejenti | Lokhu kulimaza i-DNA yamangqamuzana omdlavuza, kuwavimbele ukuthi ahlukane. Uhlobo oluthile olusetshenziswa ukwelapha izimila zobuchopho nalo lungolwaleli qembu. | I-Cyclophosphamide, i-Carboplatin, i-Cisplatin |
| Ama-antimetabolites | Lokhu kuyakhohlisa iseli lomdlavuza. Kuzenza sengathi yizinto zokusetshenziswa ezidingekayo ukwenza i-DNA, edingekayo ukuze kuhlukaniswe iseli, bese kuphazamisa leyo nqubo. Kufana nokunikeza izitini ezingalungile ukwakha udonga. | I-Methotrexate, i-5-fluorouracil, i-Gemcitabine |
| Ama-Topoisomerase Inhibitors | Amaseli omdlavuza ane-enzyme ekhethekile (`i-Topoisomerase`) esiza i-DNA ukuthi iphindaphindeke uma ihlukana. Le mithi iyayekisa ukusebenza kwaleyo enzyme. | I-Etoposide, i-Irinotecan, i-Topotecan |
| Ama-Mitotic Inhibitors | Lezi zivame ukwenziwa ngezitshalo. Yingakho zibizwa nangokuthi 'ama-alkaloid ezitshalo.' Lokho ezikwenzayo ukumisa inqubo ('i-Mitosis') lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza ehlukana khona futhi akhe amangqamuzana amabili. | I-Paclitaxel, i-Docetaxel, i-Vincristine |
| Ama-antibiotic Alwa Nomdlavuza | Lokhu futhi kuvimbela i-DNA engaphakathi kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuthi iphindaphindeke. Ngezinye izikhathi ilimaza ngisho ne-DNA. Lokhu akufani nama-antibiotic esivame ukuwasebenzisa uma sitheleleka. | I-Doxorubicin, i-Bleomycin, i-Mitomycin-C |
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi akudingeki ukhathazeke ngezinhlobo zemithi kanye namagama ayo. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu kuwe futhi akuchazele yona ngokucacile.
Ake sixoxe ngemiphumela emibi eyesaba wonke umuntu.
Uma kukhulunywa nge-chemo, akunakwenzeka ukungakhulumi ngemiphumela emibi. Yilokhu okwesabisa abantu abaningi. Pho kungani le miphumela emibi ivele?
Khumbula ukuthi sishilo ngaphambilini ukuthi i-chemotherapy ihlose amangqamuzana ahlukana ngokushesha . Akuzona nje amangqamuzana omdlavuza, kodwa namanye amangqamuzana anempilo emzimbeni wethu nawo ahlukana ngokushesha kakhulu. Isibonelo:
- Amaseli asezimpandeni zezinwele zethu
- Amaseli amboze umlomo kanye nomgudu wokugaya ukudla
- Amaseli akha igazi emnkantsheni wethambo
Imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali ayikwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza namaseli anempilo. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi ihlasela amangqamuzana omdlavuza, ilimaza nalawa maseli anempilo ahlukana ngokushesha. Yingakho kuvela imiphumela emibi.
Kodwa into engcono kakhulu lapha ukuthi amangqamuzana ethu aphilile angalulama kulo monakalo. Kodwa amangqamuzana omdlavuza awakwazi, ayafa nje.
Imiphumela emibi evamile
Imiphumela emibi ingahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-chemotherapy oyitholayo. Akuwona wonke umuntu othola imiphumela emibi efanayo. Evamile ihlanganisa:
- Ukukhathala: Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi ababhekana nayo.
- Isicanucanu Nokuhlanza: Kodwa manje kunemithi emihle kakhulu yokulawula lokhu.
- Ukulahlekelwa izinwele: Akuzona zonke izidakamizwa ze-chemo ezibangela ukulahleka kwezinwele. Ngisho noma zikwenza lokho, izinwele zizokhula futhi ngemva kokuphela kokwelashwa.
- Izilonda zomlomo: Izilonda ezincane zingavela ngaphakathi emlonyeni.
- Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla: Ukunambitheka kokudla kungashintsha.
- Uhudo noma ukuqunjelwa
- Ukwehla kwenani lamaseli egazi: Umnkantsha uyathinteka, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwamaseli abomvu egazi, okubangela i-anemia , kanye nokwehla kwamaseli amhlophe egazi, okubangela i-neutropenia . Lapho kuvela i-neutropenia, ikhono lomzimba lokulwa namagciwane liyancipha, okwenza kube lula ukuthi izifo zenzeke.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu: Ungayeki ukwelashwa ngenxa yale miphumela emibi. Kunezindlela nemithi yokulawula nokunciphisa yonke le miphumela emibi. Udokotela wakho kanye nabasebenzi bakho abahlengikazi bazokwenza konke okusemandleni abo ukukusiza.
Ngingakhuluma nini nodokotela?
Kubalulekile ukuba nokuxhumana okuhle phakathi kwakho nodokotela wakho ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho nge-chemo. Ungesabi ukutshela udokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukungakhululeki noma imiphumela emibi obhekene nayo.
- Uma unemiphumela emibi engabekezeleleki, ngitshele ngokushesha.
- Ngitshele ukuthi umuthi wokucanuzela kwenhliziyo nobuhlungu awusebenzi yini.
- Uma uthola ukutheleleka okufana nomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane, sazise ngokushesha.
Udokotela wakho angase akunike umuthi ohlukile noma ashintshe umthamo noma ishejuli ye-chemotherapy yakho. Khumbula, awuhambi wedwa kulolu hambo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuyindlela enamandla futhi ephumelelayo yokulwa nomdlavuza. Ungakwesabi ngokungadingekile.
- Isebenza ngokugxila kumaseli ahlukana ngokushesha, njengamaseli omdlavuza.
- Imiphumela emibi iyenzeka ngoba amaseli anempilo ahlukana ngokushesha nawo ayathinteka. Kodwa iningi lale miphumela emibi lingokwesikhashana futhi lingalawulwa.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile nganoma yikuphi ukungakhululeki okungenzeka ukuthi ubhekene nakho. Bahlala bekulungele ukukusiza.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela ngqo nokuya emihlanganweni yokwelashwa ehleliwe.
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