Uma sizwa igama elithi "chemo," abaningi bethu bazizwa besaba futhi bengaqiniseki. Ukulahlekelwa izinwele, ukungakhululeki komzimba, nokuhlanza kuyafika engqondweni. Kodwa iyini ngempela i-chemotherapy? Ilwa kanjani nomdlavuza? Namuhla, sizophendula yonke imibuzo yakho ngayo, ngendlela elula neqondakala kalula.
Kalula nje, iyini i-chemotherapy?
Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuyindlela yokwelapha esebenzisa uhlobo olunamandla lwemithi ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukuwavimba ekukhuleni kwawo. Siyibiza ngokuthi "i-chemotherapy" ngamafuphi. Lolu uhlobo olulodwa nje lokwelapha umdlavuza. Kunezinye izinhlobo zokwelapha ezisebenzisa imithi.
- Ukwelashwa ngama-hormone: Le mithi ivimba ama-hormone adingwa ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza ukuze akhule.
- Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy: Lokhu kusebenzisa imithi esiza amasosha omzimba wakho ukulwa nomdlavuza.
- Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe: Le mithi iqondisa ngqo indlela amangqamuzana omdlavuza ahlukana futhi aziphathe ngayo.
Lezi zindlela zokwelapha ziqondiswa udokotela wezifo zomdlavuza. Ngezinye izikhathi ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kunikezwa kanye nokuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe.
Kwenzekani ngempela nge-chemotherapy?
Cabanga ngamaseli omdlavuza njengokhula olukhula ngokungalawuleki futhi lusakazeke ngokushesha engadini yethu. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kufana nomuthi onamandla obhubhisa la magciwane futhi uwavimbele ukuthi aphinde akhule. Ngamanye amazwi, umsebenzi oyinhloko we-chemotherapy ukubhubhisa amaseli omdlavuza ahlukana ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kokulawulwa.
Udokotela wakho angase asebenzise i-chemotherapy ngezinjongo ezahlukene.
| Inhloso yendlela yokwelapha | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukwelashwa okusizayo | Ukwelashwa okunikezwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe ukuze kubhujiswe noma yimaphi amangqamuzana amancane omdlavuza angabonakali angase ahlale emzimbeni futhi kuvinjelwe lesi sifo ukuthi singabuyi. |
| Ukwelashwa kokwelapha | Ukwelashwa ngenhloso yokwelapha umdlavuza ngokuphelele. |
| Ukwelashwa kwe-Neoadjuvant | Ukwelashwa okunikezwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuncishiswe isimila somdlavuza futhi kube lula ukuhlinzwa. |
| Ukwelashwa kobuhlungu | Ezimweni lapho umdlavuza ungelapheki ngokuphelele, ukwelashwa kunikezwa ukuze kube lula impilo yesiguli ngokunciphisa isimila nokunciphisa izimpawu (isib. ubuhlungu). |
Silungiselela kanjani ngaphambi kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali?
Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale i-chemo, udokotela wakho uzokwenza izivivinyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umzimba wakho usukulungele. Okwamanje, kunezinto ezimbalwa ongazenza ukuze uzilungiselele ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba lolu hambo.
Yiba nolwazi oluhle mayelana nokwelashwa.
Buza udokotela wakho ngemithi ye-chemotherapy ozoyithola, izinzuzo zayo, kanye nemiphumela emibi engaba khona. Ukwaziswa kuzonciphisa ukwesaba kwakho.
Lungela imiphumela emibi kusenesikhathi.
Isibonelo, uma udokotela wakho ethi ukuqothuka kwezinwele kungaba umphumela omubi, ungacabanga ukuthola iwigi, isikhafu esihle, noma isembozo sekhanda uma uthanda. Uma isikhumba sakho sizwela, ungalungisa imikhiqizo yokunakekela isikhumba emnene kusenesikhathi.
Bona udokotela wamazinyo.
Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kungabangela izilonda emlonyeni, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlola izinkinga zamazinyo kanye nokutheleleka kwezinsini bese uzelapha ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa.
Hlela umsebenzi wakho kanye nempilo yakho yasekhaya
Uzodinga ukuphumula ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Hlela kusengaphambili izinto ezifana nokuthi uzophatha kanjani isimiso sakho somsebenzi nokuthi uzoba nothile ozokusiza ngemisebenzi yasekhaya.
Yenza uhlelo losuku lokwelashwa.
Yazi ukuthi ukwelashwa kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani, bese ulungiselela okuthile ongakwenza phakathi naleso sikhathi, njengokufunda incwadi noma ukulalela umculo. Abanye abantu badla ukudla okuncane cishe ihora ngaphambi kokwelashwa, okunganciphisa izinto ezifana nokucasuka.
Ukwelashwa kunikezwa kanjani?
Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kunikezwa ngezindlela ezimbili ikakhulukazi.
1. I-Systemic Chemotherapy: Kulokhu, umuthi ungena egazini bese uhamba emzimbeni wonke ukuthola nokubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lena yindlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu.
- Ngomthambo (Nge-intravenously - IV):Ifakwa emthanjeni nge-cannula, njenge-saline.
- Ngomlomo: Njengephilisi noma uketshezi olungathathwa ekhaya.
- Njengokhilimu osetshenziswa esikhumbeni (Ngokukhethekile): Womdlavuza wesikhumba.
- Njengomjovo: Ngaphansi kwesikhumba noma entweni yenyama.
2. Kuqondiswe endaweni ethile (Localized Chemotherapy): Ngezinye izikhathi, kuyadingeka ukuletha umuthi endaweni yomdlavuza kuphela.
- I-chemotherapy yangaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi: Umuthi ufakwa emthanjeni wegazi ohlinzeka ngegazi esimila somdlavuza.
- I-intrathecal chemotherapy: Umuthi ufakwa oketshezini oluphakathi kobuchopho nomgogodla.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, udokotela wakho uzonquma ukwelashwa okukulungele, ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lomdlavuza onawo, ukuthi ususakazeke kangakanani, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Kungani i-chemo inemiphumela emibi?
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukukuqonda. Kunzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza ahlukana ngokushesha aqondiswe yimithi ye-chemo kanye namangqamuzana anempilo avame ukuhlukanisa ngokushesha emizimbeni yethu. Amangqamuzana akha izinwele zethu, amangqamuzana egazi, kanye namangqamuzana azungeze izindonga zomgudu wethu wokugaya ukudla nawo ahlukanisa ngokushesha amangqamuzana anempilo. Yingakho uma sinikezwa i-chemo, nalawa ayathinteka futhi abangele imiphumela emibi.
Eminye yemiphumela emibi evame kakhulu yile:
- Ukukhathala
- Ukulahlekelwa izinwele
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- I-Anorexia
- Izilonda zomlomo
- Ukuqunjelwa noma isifo sohudo
- Ubuthakathaka kanye nokukhathala ngenxa ye-anemia
- Ukuchayeka kalula ezifweni (ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuzivikela komzimba)
Kodwa khumbula, akuwona wonke umuntu ozobhekana nayo yonke le miphumela emibi. Futhi, manje kunemithi eminingi emihle kanye nokwelashwa kokulawula eminingi yale miphumela emibi. Ngakho-ke ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi nganoma yikuphi ukungakhululeki okungenzeka ukuthi ubhekene nakho.
Eminye imiphumela emibi (imiphumela yesikhathi esidlule) ingase ivele isikhathi eside ngemva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Isibonelo, izinkinga zenkumbulo nokucabanga (i-chemo brain), ukulimala kwemizwa (i-neuropathy), noma imiphumela ekhonweni lokuba nezingane (ukungazali). Kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngalokhu nodokotela wakho.
Ingabe ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kubuhlungu?
Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo. Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa akubuhlungu. Uma unikezwa i-IV, uzozwa umuzwa omncane wokuhlaba lapho kufakwa inaliti. Abanye abantu bangase bezwe umuzwa omncane wokusha lapho umuthi ufakwa emzimbeni, kodwa lokhu kuvame ukuphela ngemva kwesikhashana.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuyindlela enamandla futhi ethuthukisiwe yokwelapha umdlavuza. Ungakwesabi ngokungadingekile.
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza ahlukana ngokushesha.
- Imiphumela emibi ingenzeka, kodwa eminingi ingeyesikhashana. Futhi kunezindlela ezinhle kakhulu kanye nemithi yokuyilawula. Khuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yini oyizwayo.
- Ukulungiselela kahle ngaphambi kokwelashwa kuzosiza ukwenza lolu hambo lube lula.
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kungawelapha ngokuphelele amanye ama-cancer, kanti kwezinye izimo, kungalawula izimpawu futhi kunikeze impilo engcono. Ungalilahli ithemba.
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