Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwegazi lakho kubonise ukuthi i-cholesterol yakho iphezulu kancane? Noma ukhathazekile kancane ngoba othile emndenini wakho une-cholesterol? Iningi lethu liyasaba ngempela uma sizwa igama elithi 'cholesterol'. Kodwa uma siliqonda kahle futhi siliphatha kahle, kuyinto engalawulwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu ngoba kwandisa ingozi yezifo ezingathi sína njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nohlangothi. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngendlela yokulawula le cholesterol.
Uyikhetha kanjani indlela yokwelapha ekufanele?
I-cholesterol ayifani kuwo wonke umuntu, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa akufani kuwo wonke umuntu. Udokotela wakho uzokwakha uhlelo lokwelashwa oluqondene nawe ngokusekelwe ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa:
- Amazinga e-cholesterol egazini lakho abika: Ukuthi i-cholesterol yakho iphakeme kangakanani.
- Ubudala nomlando womndeni: Ubudala bakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona umuntu emndenini wakho one-cholesterol ephezulu noma isifo senhliziyo.
- Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha zamanje: Ingabe unezifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma ukhuluphele ngokweqile?
- Okuthandayo: Abanye abantu bathanda ukulawula ukudla kwabo, kanti abanye bakhetha ukuphuza iphilisi nsuku zonke. Okuthandayo nakho kubalulekile lapha.
- Ingozi yesifo senhliziyo: Ingozi yakho yokuthola isifo senhliziyo, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, noma isifo sohlangothi eminyakeni eyi-10 ezayo.
- Isifo senhliziyo esivele sikhona: Uma usuvele unesifo senhliziyo noma uke waba nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi ngaphambilini.
Kalula nje, ukwelapha i-cholesterol kufana nokuthunga isudi. Kufanele ilungiselelwe ukuze ivumelane nezilinganiso zawo wonke umuntu.
Singafunda ngalezi zinhlobo ze-cholesterol kanye namazinga anempilo?
Udokotela wakho uzokucela ukuthi uhlole igazi elibizwa ngokuthi "iphrofayili ye-lipid." Lokhu ukuhlolwa okungalinganisa ngokunembile izinhlobo ze-cholesterol egazini lakho kanye namazinga azo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa nokubona ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kusebenza kangakanani.
Nakhu ukuthi amazinga e-cholesterol yomuntu ophilile kufanele abukeke kanjani:
| Uhlobo lwe-cholesterol | Izinga eliphilile (ku-mg/dL) |
|---|---|
| I-Cholesterol Ephelele | Uma ungaphansi kweminyaka engu-19, kumele ube ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-170. Kumuntu omdala, kufanele kube phakathi kuka-125-200. |
| I-cholesterol ye-LDL (i-cholesterol embi) | Uma ungaphansi kweminyaka engu-19, kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-110. Kumuntu omdala, kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-100. |
| I-cholesterol ye-HDL (i-cholesterol enhle) | Amadoda kumele abe ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-40. Abesifazane kumele babe ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-50. |
| Ama-triglycerides | Bonke abantu abadala kufanele babe ngaphansi kuka-150. |
Kodwa khumbula, uma unezinye izimo zezokwelapha, udokotela wakho angakunika umgomo ophansi. Isibonelo:
- Uma ungenaso isifo senhliziyo futhi usengozini encane, i-LDL yakho ingaba ngaphansi kuka-100 mg/dL .
- Uma unesifo senhliziyo noma isifo sikashukela, ungase utshelwe ukuthi umgomo wakho we-LDL kufanele ube ngaphansi kuka-70 mg/dL .
Isinyathelo sokuqala: Shintsha indlela yakho yokuphila
Esikhathini esiningi, udokotela wakho akagcini nje ngokukunikeza imithi. Into yokuqala abazokutshela yona ukwenza izinguquko endleleni yokuphila enempilo yenhliziyo. Uma amazinga akho e-cholesterol elinganiselwe, kufanele nakanjani wenze lezi zinguquko. Uma lezi zinto zisiza ekulawuleni i-cholesterol yakho, ungase ungadingi ukuthatha imithi nhlobo.
Ngisho noma uphuza imithi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqhubeka nale mikhuba. Khona-ke uzokwazi ukunciphisa umthamo womuthi.
Yiziphi lezi zinguquko endleleni yokuphila?
- Ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo: Nciphisa ukudla okunamafutha amaningi agcwele . Lokhu kusho ukunciphisa inyama ebomvu (inyama yenkomo, ingulube), imikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha agcwele, kanye nokudla okunamafutha amaningi. Esikhundleni salokho, yidla ukudla okunamafutha amaningi e-omega-3 kanye ne-fibre encibilikayo. Faka izinhlanzi, ama-oats, izithelo, imifino, namantongomane ekudleni kwakho. Gwema ukudla okupakishiwe kanye nezinto ezibhakiwe ezinamafutha amaningi kanye nama-trans .
- Ukuzivocavoca: Okungenani izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto, kanye ngosukuZivocavoce njengokuhamba ngokushesha, ukugijima, noma ukubhukuda okungenani imizuzu engama-30.
- Gwema ukubhema: Yeka ukubhema nokubhema ugwayi ngokuphelele. Akukuhle futhi ukuba seduze nomunye umuntu obhemayo (ukubhema okubhemayo).
- Nciphisa utshwala: Nciphisa isiphuzo esisodwa ngosuku kwabesifazane kanye neziphuzo ezimbili ngosuku kwabesilisa.
- Yehlisa isisindo: Uma ukhuluphele ngokweqile, zama ukukwehlisa. Ngisho nokulahlekelwa yi-10% kuphela yesisindo sakho sonke kungaba nomthelela omkhulu emazingeni akho e-cholesterol.
Kukuziphi izimo lapho kudingeka khona imithi?
Uma wenze izinguquko endleleni yokuphila kodwa amazinga akho e-cholesterol engalawulwa, udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi. Imithi ingase iqalwe ezimweni ezinjengalezi:
- Uma izinga lakho le-cholesterol ye-LDL lingu-190 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu.
- Uma uneminyaka ephakathi kuka-45-70 ubudala, unesifo sikashukela, futhi unezinga le-LDL elingu-70 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu.
- Uma usengozini enkulu yesifo senhliziyo futhi unezinga le-LDL elingu-70 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu.
- Uma usuvele unesifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, noma isifo semithambo yegazi engaphandle.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi engasetshenziswa ukwehlisa i-cholesterol.
| Uhlobo lwesidakamizwa | Indlela esebenza ngayo kanye nezibonelo |
|---|---|
| Ama-statin | Lezi yizinhlobo zemithi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Zinciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-cholesterol yisibindi. Isibonelo: i-Atorvastatin, i-Rosuvastatin, i-Simvastatin. |
| I-Ezetimibe | Zinciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-cholesterol ekudleni esikudlayo. Zivame ukunikezwa kanye nama-statin. |
| Izidakamizwa Ezibopha I-Bile Acid | Ibopha kuma-bile acid ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla futhi ivumela isibindi ukuthi sisebenzise i-cholesterol eningi. |
| Ama-Fibrate | Kusiza kakhulu ukunciphisa ama-triglycerides nokwandisa i-cholesterol enhle (i-HDL). |
| I-Niacin | Lena yivithamini. Kodwa ungalokothi uyithathe ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho. |
| Imithi yesimanje | Kukhona nemithi emisha efana nama-PSCK9 inhibitors, ama-ACL inhibitors, kanye nokwelashwa nge-siRNA (isb. i-Inclisiran). Lokhu kuvame ukunikezwa abantu abanezifo ze-cholesterol ezizuzwe njengefa (isb. i-HeFH) noma labo okunzima ukulawula ngeminye imithi. |
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukubona imiphumela?
Uma usuqalile ukwenza izinguquko endleleni yokuphila, udokotela wakho uzokuxilonga njalo. Ngemva kwamasonto angaba ngu-12 , bazophinde bahlole i-cholesterol yakho bese benquma ukuthi udinga ukwenza ezinye izinguquko ekudleni kwakho noma ohlelweni lwakho lokuzivocavoca.
Uma amazinga akho e-cholesterol engehli ngemva kwalokho, ungase welulekwe ukuthi uqale imithi. Ngemva kokuqala imithi, igazi lakho lizohlolwa futhi emavikini angu-4-8 ukuze kubonakale ukuthi imithi iyasebenza yini. Ngemva kwalokho, ngokuvamile kuwumqondo omuhle ukuthi amazinga akho e-cholesterol ahlolwe cishe kanye ngonyaka.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho. Buza imibuzo uma unemibuzo, futhi ukhulume nganoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka onakho mayelana nokwelashwa kwakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-cholesterol ephezulu ayifanele ukwesatshwa, iyinto engalawulwa.
- Isinyathelo sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu ukwamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo yenhliziyo. Lokho kusho ukudla kahle, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, nokugwema imikhuba emibi.
- Imithi ayinikezwa kuphela ngokusekelwe ezingeni lakho le-cholesterol, kodwa futhi nempilo yakho iyonke kanye nengozi yesifo senhliziyo.
- Ungalokothi uqale noma uyeke ukuthatha imithi ye-cholesterol ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela noma ngoba nje othile ekutshelile.
- Ungahlala uphilile ngokuhlala uxhumana nodokotela wakho njalo futhi uhlolwe njalo.
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