Isibindi siyisitho esimangalisayo emzimbeni wethu. Sifana nefektri enkulu. Senza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile njengokuhlunga ubuthi, ukusiza ekugayeni ukudla, nokugcina amandla. Kodwa-ke, lesi sibindi esiyigugu singalimala ngezizathu ezahlukene. Lapho isibindi sonakala njalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izicubu zesilonda ziqala ukwakheka esikhundleni samaseli anempilo. Leso yisimo esisibiza ngokuthi i-cirrhosis.
Kuyini ngempela isifo sokuqina kwesibindi?
Cabanga nje ukube ubunesilonda esikhumbeni sakho esaphola futhi sashiya isilonda, akunjalo? Yilokho okwenzeka esibindini. Uma kukhona ukuvuvukala esibindini isikhathi eside, isibindi sizama ukuzelapha. Kule nqubo, kwakheka izicubu zesilonda eziqinile, ezingasebenzi kahle esikhundleni sezicubu zesibindi ezinempilo nezithambile.
Kalula nje, i-cirrhosis yisigaba sokugcina sesifo sesibindi esingamahlalakhona. Kuleli qophelo, izingxenye eziningi zesibindi ezinempilo sezibe nezibazi. Njengoba lesi sibazi siqongelela, isibindi asisakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi waso ojwayelekile wokuhlanza igazi nokucubungula izakhamzimba. Ekugcineni, lokhu kungaholela ekwehlulekeni kwesibindi .
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izibazi ezibangelwa yi-cirrhosis azikwazi ukubuyiselwa emuva, okungukuthi, zilapheke ngokuphelele. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Ngokwelashwa okufanele, singalawula noma sinciphise ukuwohloka kwalesi simo.
Ingabe zikhona izigaba zesifo sokuqina kwesibindi?
Yebo, i-cirrhosis nayo iba yimbi kancane kancane. Ake sixoxe ngayo ngokuyihlukanisa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko.
1. I-Compensated Cirrhosis: Lesi yisigaba sokuqala. Kulesi sigaba, noma ngabe isibindi sonakele, ingxenye esele yesibindi enempilo isakwazi ukubuyisa umonakalo, noma 'ukubuyisa', futhi igcine umzimba usebenza. Yingakho ungase ungabi nazimpawu nhlobo. Abantu abaningi abazi nokuthi banalesi simo.
2. I-Cirrhosis Engakhokhelwa: Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba inani lezibazi esibindini likhula, isibindi asisakwazi ukulungisa umonakalo. Yilapho izimpawu ziqala khona ukuvela. Izimpawu ezifana noketshezi esiswini kanye nokuphuzi kwamehlo nesikhumba kubonakala kulesi sigaba. Lesi yisigaba esibi kakhulu salesi sifo.
Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele siziqaphele?
Izimpawu ze-cirrhosis azibonakali ngokushesha. Zivame ukuvela kuphela ngemva kokuba isifo sesibe sibi kakhulu. Ake sihlukanise phakathi kwezimpawu zokuqala nezesikhathi esizayo kanje.
| Izimpawu zokuqala (Isigaba Esikhokhelwayo) | Izimpawu ezinzima kamuva (Isigaba Sokuncishiswa Kwezinhlungu) |
|---|---|
| - Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo kanye nobuthakathaka | - Ukuphuzi kwamehlo nesikhumba (i-Jaundice) |
| - Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla | - Umchamo omnyama kanye nendle ekhanyayo |
| - Isicanucanu | - Isikhumba esilumayo (noma amabala angabonakali ngaphandle) |
| - Ubuhlungu esiswini esingaphezulu | - Ukuvuvukala kwesisu, imilenze namaqakala (ngenxa yokugcina uketshezi - Ama-Ascites ) |
| - Ukubomvu kwesundu | - Ukwehlisa isisindo kanye nokulahlekelwa yimisipha |
| - Ukubonakala kwemithambo yegazi efana nesicabucabu ebusweni besikhumba | - Ukopha kanye nokuphuza ukujiya kwegazi ngisho noma ukulimala okuncane |
Kungani i-cirrhosis ikhula? Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko?
Noma yisiphi isifo esingamahlalakhona esibangela ukuvuvukala kwesibindi isikhathi eside singagcina siholele ekuqineni kwesibindi. Lezi ngezinye zezimbangela ezivame kakhulu ezweni lethu nasemhlabeni jikelele.
1. Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile (i-Hepatitis ebangelwa utshwala)
Lesi yisona sizathu esaziwa kakhulu nesiyaziwa kakhulu. Ukuphuza utshwala obuningi isikhathi eside kubangela umonakalo omkhulu esibindini. Lokhu kubangela ukuvuvukala kwesibindi, okungabangela isifo sokuqina kwesibindi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
2. Isifo sesibindi esinamafutha (MASH)
Igama eliphelele lalokhu yi-Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Kalula nje, kuyisimo esibi esibangelwa ukuqongelela kwamafutha esibindini kubantu abangaphuzi utshwala. Abantu abanezici ze-metabolic ezifana nesifo sikashukela, i-cholesterol ephezulu, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, kanye nokukhuluphala basengozini enkulu.
3. Ukutheleleka kwegciwane le-hepatitis B ne-C okungamahlalakhona
I-hepatitis yigama lezokwelapha lokuvuvukala kwesibindi. Ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-hepatitis C kungaba yisifo esingamahlalakhona kubantu abaningi. Nakuba manje kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo zalokhu, abantu abaningi abazi nokuthi banalo leli gciwane. Igciwane le-hepatitis B lingaba yisifo esingamahlalakhona kwabanye abantu. Womabili la magciwane angalimaza isibindi futhi abangele i-cirrhosis uma ekhona isikhathi eside.
Ezinye izimbangela ezingavamile
Ngaphezu kwezizathu ezingenhla, kunezinye izizathu eziningana ezingavamile:
- Isifo Sokuzivikela Ezifweni: Ngezinye izikhathi amasosha omzimba ethu ahlasela ngephutha amangqamuzana esibindi. Isibonelo, izimo ezifana ne-`(Autoimmune Hepatitis)` kanye ne-`(Primary Biliary Cholangitis)`.
- Izinkinga Zofuzo: Ezinye izifo ezidluliselwa ngofuzo zingabangela ukuba izinto ezinobuthi ziqoqeke esibindini futhi zibangele umonakalo. Izibonelo zalezi zifo `(Wilson Disease)` kanye `(Cystic Fibrosis)`.
- Imithi ethile kanye nobuthi (i-Toxic Hepatitis): Ukusebenzisa ngokweqile imithi ethile yokudambisa izinhlungu (ama-NSAID, i-Acetaminophen) isikhathi eside noma ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali athile anobuthi endaweni ezungezile kungalimaza isibindi.
- Isifo Senhliziyo: Ukwehluleka Kwenhliziyo Okuhlanganisiwe (CHF) kungabangela umonakalo esibindini ngenxa yokuntuleka kwegazi noma ukwehla kwenani legazi elifinyelela esibindini.
Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu?
Uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimpawu zesifo sokuqina kwesibindi, kufanele nakanjani ubonane nodokotela. Uzokuhlola futhi akubuze ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha, imithi oyiphuzayo, kanye nendlela ophila ngayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, bangase bakucele ukuthi uhlolwe kaningana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unesifo.
1. Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kwesibindi kunganikeza umbono wokuthi kukhona yini umonakalo wesibindi nokuthi unzima kangakanani. Kuphinde kuhlole ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi igazi lijiyile.
2. Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe: I-ultrasound scan ingabheka usayizi, ukuma, kanye nesimo sesibindi. Uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-scan olubizwa ngokuthi i-elastography lungalinganisa ukuqina kwesibindi, okuwukuthi kungakanani izicubu zesilonda ezikhona.
3. Ukuhlolwa kwengxenye encane yesibindi (i-Liver Biopsy):Nakuba kungadingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi, kwezinye izimo, kuthathwa ingcezu encane kakhulu yezicubu ezivela esibindini kusetshenziswa inaliti encane bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isifo sikhona futhi kutholakale imbangela.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Nakuba izibazi ezibangelwa yi-cirrhosis zingenakushintshwa, ukwelashwa kunemigomo emibili eyinhloko. Eyokuqala ukuvimbela ukulimala okwengeziwe esibindini. Eyesibili ukuphatha izinkinga ezibangelwa yilesi sifo.
Ukwelapha imbangela
- Imithi: Manje sekukhona imithi yokulwa namagciwane engayelapha ngokuphelele izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane njenge-hepatitis C. Kunemithi yokulawula i-hepatitis B. Izifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba zelashwa ngemithi elawula amasosha omzimba.
- Ukwelashwa kotshwala: Uma utshwala buyimbangela yesifo sokuqina kwesibindi, okuwukuphela kokwelashwa okungcono kakhulu ukuyeka ukuphuza utshwala ngokuphelele. Lokhu kungadinga ukwelulekwa okukhethekile kanye nokwelashwa.
- Ukulawula izici ze-metabolic: Uma lesi sifo sibangelwa yisibindi esinamafutha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula izinto ezifana ne-cholesterol, isifo sikashukela, kanye nokwehlisa isisindo.
Ukudla kanye nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imbangela ye-cirrhosis iyini, ukugwema utshwala nemithi engadingekile kubalulekile ukuze kuvikelwe isibindi.
Kubalulekile futhi ukudla ukudla okunempilo, ukulawula isisindo sakho, nokuphuza izithasiselo zokudla ezidingekayo njengoba kunqunywe udokotela wakho.
Ukwelashwa kwezinkinga
Izinkinga ezenzeka lapho isifo siba sibi kakhulu nazo zidinga ukwelashwa.
- Uma isisu sigcwele amanzi (`(Ascites)`), amanzi asuswa ngesirinji (`(Paracentesis)`).
- Uma uhlanza igazi, imithambo yegazi iyamiswa nge-endoscopy (Endoscopy) kanye ne-sclerotherapy (Sclerotherapy).
- I-Dialysis ingadingeka ezimweni ezifana nokwehluleka kwezinso.
Ukufakelwa Kwesibindi
Uma zonke ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zehlulekile futhi kunengozi yokwehluleka kwesibindi ngokuphelele, inketho yokugcina ecatshangelwayo ukufakelwa isibindi. Lokhu kuhilela ukususa isibindi esinesifo bese usifaka esinempilo esikhundleni saso.
Kungenzeka yini ukuba nethemba lokuphila ngalesi sifo?
Lena inkinga ebucayi kakhulu. Isikhathi sokuphila somuntu onesifo sokuqina kwesibindi sincike ezintweni eziningi. Izinto ezifana nokuthi lesi sifo sibi kangakanani, ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga eziye zavela, ukuthi umzimba wakho usabela kanjani ekwelashweni, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Odokotela basebenzisa izinhlelo zokuhlola amaphuzu njenge-"Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP)" kanye ne-"Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD)" ukuze bathole umbono wobunzima besifo kanye nokubikezela kwesikhathi esizayo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuxilonga lesi sifo kusenesikhathi (isigaba esikhokhelwayo) bese welapha imbangela ngendlela efanele.Ngokwelashwa kanye nokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila, abantu abaningi bangavimba lesi sifo ukuthi singabi sibi kakhulu futhi baphile impilo evamile isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke ungalilahli ithemba. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha esifanele.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-cirrhosis ukwakheka kwezicubu zesilonda esibindini ngenxa yomonakalo wesikhathi eside.
- Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile, isifo sesibindi esinamafutha, kanye namagciwane e-hepatitis B no-C yizona zimbangela eziyinhloko.
- Njengoba izimpawu zingase zingabonakali ezigabeni zokuqala, kubalulekile ukuhlolwa njalo ngudokotela uma unezici eziyingozi (isifo sikashukela, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukusebenzisa utshwala).
- Nakuba izibazi zingenakuphulukiswa ngokuphelele, ukwelashwa kungamisa noma kulawule ukuqhubeka kwesifo.
- Uma unezimpawu noma ungabaza, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko.
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