"O, dokotela, ngizwa ubuhlungu obuhlabayo ohlangothini olulodwa lwesifuba sami uma ngiphefumula, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuphefumula." Mhlawumbe uke wabhekana nalokhu, noma mhlawumbe uke wezwa othile ekusho. Esinye sezizathu zalokhu buhlungu besifuba obungazelelwe ukuwohloka kwephaphu, esikubiza ngokuthi 'i-pneumothorax' kwezokwelapha. Ungesabi uma uzwa leli gama. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngokuthi kuyini, kungani kwenzeka, nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze.
Kalula nje, kusho ukuthini uma iphaphu lifinyela?
Cabanga ngamaphaphu ethu njengamabhaluni amabili. Lawa maphaphu atholakala ngaphakathi kwesifuba sethu. Kunesikhala esincane kakhulu phakathi kwamaphaphu nodonga lwangaphakathi lwesifuba. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi isikhala se-pleural. Ngokuvamile, kukhona inani elincane kakhulu loketshezi ngaphakathi kwalesi sikhala. Lokhu kusiza amaphaphu ukuba akhule kalula ngaphandle kokungqubuzana lapho siphefumula.
Manje, kwenzekani uma umoya uqoqana kulesi sikhala se-pleural ngesizathu esithile? Khona-ke ukucindezela kwalowo moya kubangela ukuthi amaphaphu awe, njengebhaluni eliphuma umoya. Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi iphaphu eliwile, noma i-pneumothorax. Lokhu kungaba inani elincane ngezinye izikhathi, noma kungawawelisa ngokuphelele amaphaphu.
Lesi simo ngezinye izikhathi singadinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izimpawu.
Yiziphi izindlela ezahlukene i-pneumothorax eyenzeka ngazo?
I-Pneumothorax ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe endleleni eyenzeka ngayo. Ukuqonda lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono lesi sifo.
| Uhlobo lwe-pneumothorax | Kalula nje, lokhu kwenzeka kanjani... |
|---|---|
| I-Pneumothorax Eyisisekelo Ezenzakalelayo (Uhlobo olushintsha ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kwesizathu) | Lokhu kungenzeka kumuntu ongenaso isifo samaphaphu. Abanye abantu bazalwa benamabhamuza amancane omoya (ama-blebs) emaphashini abo. Lokhu kungaqhuma ngokuzumayo, kuvumele umoya ungene esikhaleni se-pleural. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu kubafana abancane abade nabancane. |
| I-Pneumothorax Yesibili Ezenzakalelayo (Uhlobo olubangelwa esinye isifo samaphaphu) | Lokhu kwenzeka kubantu abanezifo zamaphaphu ezifana ne-asthma, i-COPD, nesifo sofuba. Lezi zifo zingabangela ukuthi ama-bullae (izindawo ezibuthakathaka) emaphashini aqhume, okubangela lesi simo. |
| I-Pneumothorax Ebuhlungu (Uhlobo olubangelwa ukulimala) | Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokulimala esifubeni. Isibonelo, ingozi yemoto ebangela ukuphuka kombambo kanye nokubhoboka kwephaphu, noma inxeba lokugwazwa ngommese. |
| I-Iatrogenic Pneumothorax (Uhlobo oluvela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa) | Lokhu kuhlukile kancane. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngesikhathi sezinqubo zezokwelapha ezifana nokuthatha isampula yezicubu ezivela emaphashini ukuze zihlolwe (i-lung biopsy) noma ukufaka ipayipi emthanjeni omkhulu entanyeni (ukufakwa komugqa ophakathi), iphaphu lingabhobozwa ngengozi. |
| I-Pneumothorax Yokucindezeleka (Kuyingozi kakhulu, isimo esiphuthumayo) | Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umoya ungena esikhaleni se-pleural, kodwa ungenandlela yokuphuma. Kufana ne-valve eqonde ngakwesokudla. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwesifuba ikhuphuke, okungenzeka icindezele inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi emikhulu. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo esisongela ukuphila. |
Ziyini izimpawu ze-pneumothorax?
Lezi zimpawu zingaqala ngokuzumayo. Zingase zivele uhleli noma ulele.
- Ubuhlungu obungazelelwe, obubukhali ohlangothini olulodwa lwesifuba. Lobuhlungu buyanda ikakhulukazi uma uphefumula kakhulu.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula (i-Dyspnea). Kuzwakala sengathi uyacinana futhi kufanele usebenze kanzima ukuze uphefumule.
- Ukuphefumula okusheshayo.
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo.
- Ukukhwehlela.
- Ukuzizwa ukhathele (Ukukhathala).
- Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, isikhumba, izindebe, noma izinzipho zingase zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-cyanosis). Lokhu kusho ukuthi umzimba awutholi umoya-mpilo owanele.
Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu,Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha. Lokhu akuyona into ongayilapha ekhaya.
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?
Kunezimbangela eziningana kanye nezici eziyingozi ezingaholela ku-pneumothorax.
Izimbangela ezingaba khona
- Izifo zamaphaphu: Abantu abanezifo ezifana ne-asthma, i-COPD (Isifo Esingapheli Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu), i-Cystic Fibrosis, umdlavuza wamaphaphu, kanye nesifo sofuba basengozini enkulu.
- Ukulimala: Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, ukulimala esifubeni.
- Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha: Kungaba umphumela ongemuhle wezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
- Indlela Yokuphila:
- Ukubhema: Abantu ababhemayo basengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi simo.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa: ikakhulukazi izidakamizwa eziphefumulayo.
- Imisebenzi lapho umfutho womoya ushintsha khona ngokuzumayo: Izinto ezifana nokuntywila emanzini nge-scuba, ukundiza.
Izinto ezandisa ingozi
- Umlando womndeni: Uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba ne-pneumothorax ngaphambili, nawe ungase ube sengozini.
- Uhlobo lomzimba: Abesilisa abasebasha, ikakhulukazi labo abanemizimba emide nencane, banamathuba amaningi okuthola i-Pneumothorax Eyisisekelo Engavamile.
- Ezinye izifo zofuzo: Isibonelo, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Marfan Syndrome.
- I-Endometriosis: Lesi simo sithinta abesifazane kuphela. Akuvamile kakhulu, lesi sifo singabangela ukuthi amaphaphu awe (catamenial pneumothorax).
Ukuthola kanjani lokhu, Dokotela?
Uma uya esibhedlela, udokotela uzoqala akubuze ngezimpawu zakho bese ekuxilonga.
- Ukuhlolwa nge-stethoscope: Udokotela uzobeka i-stethoscope esifubeni sakho futhi alalele imisindo oyenzayo uma uphefumula. Imisindo yokuphefumula ingase ibe nokuthula kakhulu noma ingezwakali nhlobo ohlangothini lapho amaphaphu ecindezelwe khona.
- I-X-ray yesifuba: Lena yindlela engcono kakhulu nelula yokuqinisekisa i-pneumothorax. I-X-ray ingabonisa ngokucacile ukuthi amaphaphu acindezelwe kanjani kanye nenani lomoya oqongelelekile.
- I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan): Ngezinye izikhathi, i-CT scan ingenziwa uma i-X-ray ingacacile noma uma kudingeka imininingwane eyengeziwe.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Arterial Blood Gas (ABG): Lokhu kulinganisa amazinga omoya-mpilo kanye ne-carbon dioxide egazini lakho.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Ukwelashwa kuncike ngobukhulu be-pneumothorax yakho, imbangela yayo, kanye nobunzima bezimpawu zakho.
1. Ukuqaphela: Uma ukuwohloka kwamaphaphu kuncane kakhulu futhi ungazizwa ubuhlungu obukhulu, udokotela wakho angakugcina esibhedlela ukuze uhlolwe. Umzimba ungakhipha umoya oqongelelekile kancane kancane.
2. Ukwelashwa Nge-Oxygen: Ukwelashwa nge-Oxygen kunciphisa ubunzima bokuphefumula futhi kwandisa izinga lapho umoya osesikhaleni se-pleural umuncwa khona emzimbeni.
3. Ukufuthwa Kwenaliti / I-Thoracentesis: Uma i-pneumothorax inkulu kakhulu, udokotela angase aqede isifuba, afake inaliti phakathi kwezimbambo ezimbili, bese esebenzisa isirinji ukukhipha umoya oqongelelekile.
4. Ukukhipha Amapayipi Esifuba: Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha evame ukusetshenziswa. Kulokhu, isikhumba esifubeni siyavaleka, kwenziwa ukusikwa okuncane, bese kufakwa ipayipi esikhaleni se-pleural. Esinye isiphetho sepayipi sixhunywe ohlelweni olufana nebhodlela lamanzi. Lokhu kuvumela umoya ongaphakathi ukuba uphume, kodwa kuvimbela umoya ukuthi ungabuyeli ngaphakathi. Ipayipi lishiywa endaweni yalo isikhashana bese amaphaphu anwebeka ngokugcwele futhi, bese ipayipi lisuswa.
5. Inqubo ye-Pleurodesis: Uma umuntu eqhubeka nokuba ne-pneumothorax, lokhu kwelashwa kwenziwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthi iphaphu lingaphinde liwe. Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka ikhemikhali ekhethekile (njenge-talcum powder) ngepayipi lesifuba, okubangela ukuthi ulwelwesi lwamaphaphu kanye nodonga lwangaphakathi lwesifuba kunamathele ndawonye. Lokhu-ke kuqeda amathuba okuthi umoya uqoqeke phakathi kwazo futhi.
6. Ukuhlinzwa: Uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingaphumeleli, ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka ukuze kulungiswe ukuvuza komoya emaphashini noma kususwe amabhamuza omoya (ama-blebs/ama-bullae).
Ukuvimbela ukululama nokubuyela emuva
Ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya emavikini amabili ukuthi i-pneumothorax iphole. Uma ufakwe ipayipi lesifuba, kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Nakekela lezi zinto ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya:
- Uma ubhema, yeka nakanjani. Lena yinto engcono kakhulu ongayenza.
- Gwema ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo kanye nokuzivocavoca okunzima kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho ekuyala.
- Gwema izinto ezifana nokuhamba ngendiza kanye nokuntywila olwandle olujulile ngokuphelele amasonto ambalwa.
- Qiniseka ukuthi uya emtholampilo ngezinsuku zokulandelela ezinikezwe udokotela.
Umuntu oke waba ne-pneumothorax kanye unethuba lokuphinde ayithole. Ngakho-ke, uma izimpawu zibuya, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uma uzwa ubuhlungu obubukhali ngokuzumayo ohlangothini olulodwa lwesifuba sakho futhi kunzima ukuphefumula, kungaba uphawu lwe-pneumothorax.
- Ungazinaki lezi zimpawu. Yiya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Ukubhema kuyimbangela enkulu ye-pneumothorax. Unganciphisa kakhulu le ngozi ngokuyeka ukubhema.
- Iningi lamacala e-pneumothorax lingelapheka ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa okufanele. Ngakho-ke ungesabi, yenza into efanele ngesikhathi esifanele.
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