Wake wazibuza ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo olumangalisayo olusebenza ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu ukuze lusivikele ezifweni? Njengebutho elivikela izwe, imizimba yethu nayo inohlelo lokuzivikela olunamandla olubizwa ngokuthi i-Immune System. Lolu hlelo lunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli afana namasosha. Kodwa kukhona enye ingxenye esiza leli butho eliyinhloko, njengebutho elisheshayo, elikhethekile. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Complement System. Namuhla sikhuluma ngaleli butho eliyimfihlo.
Kalula nje, luyini uhlelo lokugcwalisa?
Uhlelo Lokugcwalisa luyingxenye yesimiso sethu sokuzivikela komzimba. Lubizwa ngokuthi "Ukugcwalisa" ngoba ludlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu "ekugcwaliseni" noma "ekusizeni" umsebenzi wamanye amaseli ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba. Cabanga ngalo njengomngane wakho omkhulu, ohlala ekhona ukukusekela.
Kalula nje, lena yindlela yokuqala yokuzivikela ohlelweni lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu. Yiyona evuselela futhi ikhiphe izixwayiso ngokushesha nje lapho isitha, njengegciwane noma igciwane, singena emzimbeni. Futhi, umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukususa amangqamuzana alimele ngemva kwengozi nokusiza ekwelapheni lezo zindawo.
Yimiphi imisebenzi eyinhloko yalolu hlelo?
Lolu hlelo lusebenza uma lubona isitha sangaphandle (isibonelo, igciwane). Bese, nazi izinto eziyinhloko ezenzekayo:
- Ukuqondisa izitha: Bathola izinto eziyingozi, njengebhaktheriya, ezingene emzimbeni, zinamathele kuzo, bese zitshela amanye amangqamuzana ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba ukuthi, “Lesi isitha.” Kufana nokupenda umzimba wesitha ngopende ukuze kube lula ngabanye ukuqaphela.
- Izimbangela Zokuvuvukala: Uma uthola ukulimala, indawo iba bomvu, ivuvuke, futhi ishise, akunjalo? Yilokho ukuvuvukala okuyikho. Empeleni lokhu kuyinto enhle. Kubangela ukuba igazi eliningi ligeleze endaweni, kulethwe amaseli egazi amhlophe engeziwe ukulwa namagciwane. Ukusiza ukuqala le nqubo kuwumsebenzi obalulekile weSistimu Ehambisanayo.
- Iqeda izitha: Uma izitha sezitholakale, lolu hlelo lufaka isandla ngqo ekubhujisweni kwazo. Ngezinye izikhathi lawa maprotheni ayahlangana ukuze enze imigodi odongeni lweseli lamagciwane, alubhubhise. Aphinde asize ekususeni izingcezu zezitha ezibhujisiwe kanye namaseli afile lapho.
Lolu hlelo lwenziwe ngani? Lusebenza kanjani?
Lolu hlelo olumangalisayo lwakhiwe ngamaprotheni. Luqukethe amaprotheni angaba ngu-50 antanta engxenyeni yegazi lethu ebizwa ngokuthi i-plasma, futhi mancane kakhulu kangangokuthi angabonakala kuphela nge-microscope. Siwabiza lawa maprotheni e-plasma .
Lawa maprotheni enziwa esibindini sethu. Aqoqana egazini nakwezinye izicubu zomzimba, alungele ukusebenza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Kodwa into emangalisayo ukuthi, ngokuvamile lawa maprotheni asesimweni "sokungasebenzi" . Njengokungathi alele. Awenzi nje umsebenzi wawo. Avuka kuphela lapho umzimba ulimele noma lapho isitha, njengebhaktheriya, singena.
I-Cascade
Indlela la maphrotheni avuka ngayo iyamangalisa. Kufana nomugqa wama-domino awela phansi.
Cabanga nje ukuthi unomugqa wama-domino. Kwenzekani uma uthinta i-domino yokuqala ngomunwe wakho? Iyawa bese iwela ku-domino elandelayo. Lokho kubangela ukuthi i-domino elandelayo iwe. Njalo njalo njalo uze ufike ku-domino yokugcina, akunjalo?
Amaphrotheni ohlelweni lokugcwalisa asebenza ngendlela efanayo. I-trigger ivuselela iphrotheni yokuqala. Bese ivuselela iphrotheni elandelayo. Bese kuba elandelayo... njalo njalo, ngokusabela kweketanga. Kwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "i-cascade." Njengoba iphrotheni ngayinye isebenza, ngayinye yenza umsebenzi wayo wokuvikela bese idlulisela umyalezo kwenye.
Yiziphi izifo ezingavela uma kunenkinga ngesistimu yokugcwalisa?
Lolu hlelo lubaluleke kakhulu emizimbeni yethu kangangokuthi noma yibuphi ubuthakathaka noma ukusebenza ngokweqile kwalo kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezinkinga lapha:
1. Ukuntuleka kohlelo lokugcwalisa: Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaprotheni akulolu hlelo awanele, noma awasebenzi kahle. Ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, amasosha ethu omzimba aba buthakathaka. Ngemuva kwalokho, amathuba okuthola izifo ezivame ukwenzeka, ikakhulukazi izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, aphezulu kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi, lezi zifo zingaba zimbi kakhulu futhi ziholele nasezimweni ezisongela ukuphila njenge -sepsis .
2. Ukusebenza ngokweqile kohlelo lokugcwalisa: Lokhu kusho ukuthi lolu hlelo lusebenza ngaphezu kwalokho okufanele lukwenze. Luvuselelwa njalo ngaphandle kwesizathu. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, lolu hlelo luqala ukuhlasela hhayi izitha ezingene emzimbeni kuphela, kodwa namaseli alo anempilo. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi izifo zokuzivikela komzimba .
Kalula nje, lolu hlelo lufana nonogada. Uma unogada elala, amasela angangena kalula endlini (ububi). Uma unogada ecasuka kakhulu futhi eqala ukuhlasela amalungu omndeni, lokho nakho kuyinkinga (ukungasebenzi kahle).
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Ubudlelwano neSistimu Yokuphelelisana |
|---|---|
| I-asthma ye-allergy | Ukusebenza ngokweqile kwesistimu kungandisa ukuvuvukala endleleni yokuphefumula. |
| I-anemia | Kwezinye izinhlobo, lolu hlelo lusiza ekubhujisweni kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi. |
| Umdlavuza - isib. i-leukemia, i-lymphoma | Amanye amangqamuzana omdlavuza asebenzisa izindlela zokugwema lolu hlelo, kanti amanye amagciwane ahlose lolu hlelo. |
| Isifo sezinso | Ukusebenza ngokweqile kwesistimu kungalimaza izinso. |
| Ukuwohloka kwe-macular | Lesi sifo, esilimaza i-retina, sihlobene nokusebenza kwesistimu yokugcwalisa. |
| Isifo samathambo esibizwa ngokuthi i-rheumatoid arthritis | Lesi yisifo sokuzivikela komzimba, futhi uhlelo lokugcwalisa lubangela ukulimala kwamalunga. |
Yiziphi izimpawu zalolu hlobo lwenkinga?
Uma uhlelo lokugcwalisa lungasebenzi kahle, amasosha omzimba wakho aba buthakathaka. Ngemuva kwalokho ungase ube nezimpawu ezinjengalezi.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukutheleleka okuvamile | Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuzivikela komzimba, izifo ezifana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane kanye ne-pneumonia zingavela kaningi. |
| Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo nokukhathala | Ungase uzizwe ukhathele kakhulu ngoba kukhona impi eqhubekayo emzimbeni wakho noma ngoba uhlelo lwakho alusebenzi kahle. |
| Ubuhlungu bamalunga | Ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu emalungeni kungenzeka, ikakhulukazi ezifweni ezihlasela amasosha omzimba. |
| Ukuvuvukala (ukuvuvukala) | Izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba, ikakhulukazi amalunga nesikhumba, zingavuvukala. |
Uma unalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma uzizwa njalo , ungakhathazeki ngakho futhi nakanjani ubone udokotela wakho .
Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuhlola impilo yalesi simiso?
Uma udokotela esola lolu hlelo ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho, angenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuze aluqinisekise.
Ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kokugcwalisa . Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane yegazi emthanjeni osengalweni yakho bese ulinganisa inani lamaprotheni okugcwalisa akuwo nokuthi asebenza kahle kangakanani.
Lezi zivivinyo zingasiza udokotela wakho ukuthola izinto ezifana nalezi:
- Kungani uthola izifo njalo?
- Yini ebangela isifo sakho sokuzivikela komzimba futhi ukwelashwa kwaso kusebenza kangakanani?
- Injani impilo yonke yesimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela?
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kwenziwe ezinye izivivinyo, njengokubalwa kwegazi okuphelele kanye namazinga e-immunoglobulin.
Wenzani njengokwelashwa?
Ukwelashwa kuncike enkingeni onayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuntuleka noma ukusebenza ngokweqile kohlelo. Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukulawula izimpawu nokulinganisela ukusebenza kohlelo.
- Ama-antibiotic: Ama-antibiotic anikezwa ukwelapha nokuvimbela ukutheleleka kwamagciwane okuvamile ngenxa yobuthakathaka besimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.
- Ukwelashwa ngokucindezela amasosha omzimba: Uma unesifo sokuzivikela komzimba lapho uhlelo luba namandla ngokweqile futhi luhlasela umzimba wakho, le mithi inikezwa ukuze yehlise ijubane lomzimba.
- Ukumpontshelwa igazi noma i-plasma: Uma kunokuntuleka okukhulu kwamaprotheni ahambisanayo, lawo maprotheni angangeniswa emzimbeni nge-plasma enikezwa ngaphandle.
- Ukugoma: Ngenxa yobuthakathaka besimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuthola umuthi wokugoma, njengesifo se-pneumococcal , ukuze akuvikele ezifweni ezinkulu njenge-pneumonia.
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali komdlavuza: Uma inkinga ihlobene nomdlavuza, kuzonikezwa ukwelashwa okufanele.
Sigcina kanjani uhlelo lwethu lokugcwalisa luphilile?
Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, awukwazi ukuvula/ukuvala iswishi ngqo ohlelweni lokugcwalisa. Asikwazi ukushintsha ngqo ukusebenza kwayo. Kodwa, singagcina wonke amasosha omzimba ethu eqinile futhi enempilo. Khona-ke uhlelo lokugcwalisa nalo luzosebenza kahle.
Ngakho-ke, yenza lezi zinto ezilula ukuze unakekele kahle umzimba wakho wonke:
- Yidla ukudla okunomsoco: Yidla ukudla okunempilo okuhlanganisa imifino, izithelo, namaprotheni ahlanzekile.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo: Yenza okungenani imizuzu engama-30 yokuzivocavoca ngamandla ngosuku.
- Hlala uhlanzekile: Geza izandla zakho kahle ngaphambi kokudla nangemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.
- Lala ngokwanele: Lala kahle okungenani amahora angu-7-8 ngosuku. Amasosha omzimba ayazilungisa ngesikhathi silele.
- Zivikele ekulimaleni: Sebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha lapho wenza imisebenzi eyingozi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uhlelo lokugcwalisa luyingxenye yesimiso sethu sokuzivikela. Luyindlela yokuqala yokuzivikela esivikela emagciwaneni.
- Ukuntuleka kwamaprotheni alolu hlelo kungaholela ekuthelelekeni okuvamile, futhi ukusebenza ngokweqile kungaholela ezifweni zokuzivikela komzimba.
- Uma ugula njalo, uzizwa ukhathele kakhulu, noma uzwa ubuhlungu bamalunga, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela ngaphandle kokukushalazela.
- Nakuba singenakukwazi ukulawula lolu hlelo ngokuqondile, singagcina amasosha ethu omzimba eqinile ngendlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba, ukulala).
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