Ingabe ungumuntu obukela amadrama obugebengu nama-movie ku-TV? Khona-ke cishe ujwayelene kakhulu namagama anjengokuthi 'ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA kwenziwe' kanye nokuthi 'ukufanisa i-DNA'. Kodwa kuyini ngempela i-DNA Fingerprinting? Ingabe yinto esetshenziselwa ukubamba izigebengu kuphela? Cha, ubuchwepheshe obumangalisayo obubalulekile ezintweni eziningi ngaphezu kwalokho. Ake sixoxe ngakho namuhla.
Iyini le 'mephu yezakhi zofuzo' engaphakathi emizimbeni yethu?
Kalula nje, i-DNA Fingerprinting iwukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali okwembula ukwakheka kwezakhi zofuzo zomuntu noma zanoma iyiphi into ephilayo. Ukuze siqonde lokhu, sidinga kuqala ukwazi ukuthi iyini i-DNA.
Igama elithi DNA lifushaniswa ne- deoxyribonucleic acid . Litholakala kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni wakho. Cabanga ngalo njengohlaka lwempilo yakho yonke.
Lolu chungechunge lwe-DNA lwakhiwe ngezinhlobo ezine zamakhemikhali amakhemikhali. Sibiza lezi ngokuthi 'izisekelo'. Lezi zihlangana zibe zimbili ukuze zakhe 'izibili eziyisisekelo'. Kukhona cishe izigidigidi ezintathu zalezi zimbili ku-DNA yakho! Indlela lezi zimbili ezixhunywe ngayo ndawonye itshela amangqamuzana akho ukuthi enze kanjani amakhophi womunye nomunye.
Lonke leli sethi lamakhemikhali yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi 'i-genome.' Lena yindawo yakho yokugcina ulwazi oluphelele lwezakhi zofuzo.
Into emangalisayo ukuthi i-genome yanoma yimuphi umuntu emhlabeni ifana ngo-99.9%. Kodwa lowo mehluko omncane osele ongu-0.1% yiwona ohlukanisa wena ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo kimi, nami kunoma ubani omunye. Ukubukeka kwethu, ukuziphatha kwethu, indlela yethu yokucabanga, ukuthambekela kwethu ezifweni ezithile, konke lokhu kuthintwa yilo mehluko omncane. Ubuchwepheshe be-DNA Fingerprinting busebenzisa amakhemikhali ukuhlukanisa imicu ye-DNA nokukhipha lezo zingcezu ezingu-0.1% ezihlukile kuwe. Sibona lowo mphumela njengephethini yemigqa. Singaqhathanisa lelo phethini nesinye isampula.
Isetshenziselwani i-DNA Fingerprinting?
Kusukela yasungulwa ngo-1984, lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswe kakhulu ezindabeni zamacala nezomthetho. Buye baba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwezokwelapha. Ake sibheke izinzuzo zabo eziyinhloko.
| Insimu yokusetshenziswa | Izibonelo nezincazelo |
|---|---|
| Ngezindaba zomthetho kanye nophenyo lobugebengu | |
| Ukuhlonza izigebengu | I-DNA ingathathwa esampula yezinwele, igazi, noma amathe etholakale endaweni yobugebengu bese ifaniswa ne-DNA yomsolwa. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ukukhulula umuntu ecaleni. |
| Ukuqinisekiswa kobuhlobo | Lokhu kusetshenziselwa izinto ezifana nokuqinisekisa abazali bengane (izivivinyo zobaba) kanye nokuthola abafowabo nodadewabo abalahlekile. |
| Ukuhlonza izidumbu | Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izidumbu esezifile isikhathi eside, njengalezo ezibulewe engozini noma enhlekeleleni yemvelo, futhi ezibhujiswe ngendlela engenakubonwa. |
| Izinzuzo zezokwelapha | |
| Ukufakelwa kwezitho zomzimba | Uma umuntu edinga ukufakelwa isitho somzimba, njengesinso noma isibindi, kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA ukuze kubonakale ukuthi izicubu zomnikeli kanye nowamukelayo ziyahambisana yini. |
| Ukuhlonza izifo ezizuzwe njengefa | Lokhu kusiza ukuhlonza izimo ezithile zofuzo kusenesikhathi kanye nokunquma ukuthi umuntu unesifo esithile yini esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo. |
| Ukuthola ukwelashwa kwezifo | Lobu buchwepheshe bubaluleke kakhulu kubacwaningi ukuthi bathole izinguquko zofuzo ezibangela lezi zifo ezizuzwe njengefa futhi bathuthukise ukwelashwa okufanele kanye nemithi yazo. |
Kwenziwa kanjani lokhu kuhlolwa?
Ukuthwebula iminwe ye-DNA akuyinkimbinkimbi noma akubuhlungu njengoba ungase ucabange. Kuhilela ukuthatha isampula yamaseli emzimbeni wakho. Kunezindlela eziningana zokuthatha lesi sampula.
- Khuhla amaseli ngaphakathi kwesihlathi nge-cotton swab.
- Kusukela esikhumbeni sakho.
- Kusukela empandeni yomphini wezinwele.
- Kusukela kumathe, umjuluko, noma olunye uketshezi lomzimba.
Kodwa indlela elula nesetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthatha isampula yegazi.
Kwenzekani elabhorethri?
Ngemva kokuba isampula isithathwe kuwe, ithunyelwa elabhorethri. Nakhu okwenzekayo:
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-DNA: Okokuqala, amakhemikhali ayengezwa ukuze kuhlukaniswe i-DNA kuphela kumaseli akusampula yakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-DNA iyancibilika emanzini.
2. Ukusika i-DNA ibe yizicucu: Okulandelayo, enye inqubo yamakhemikhali inquma lezi zintambo ze-DNA ezinde zibe yizicucu ezincane ezinamaphethini aphindaphindayo abalulekile kithi.
3. Ukukopisha izingcezu: Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukwenza izigidi zamakhophi alezi zingcezu ezincane ze-DNA, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuzihlola.
4. Ukudlula ejelini: Manje lezi zingcezu ze-DNA zixutshwa nejeli bese kudluliswa ugesi kuyo. Bese izingcezu ze-DNA zihlukaniswa zibe ezinkulu nezincane ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bazo.
5. Iphethini iyavela: Ekugcineni, uma kufakwa idayi ekhethekile kulokhu, uma ibukwa ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-UV noma nge-laser, kuvela iphethini enemigqa, njengebhakhodi emikhiqizweni esitolo esikhulu .
6. Ukuqhathanisa: Le pateni efana nebhakhodi iyisigxivizo sakho se-DNA. Ungabe usuqhathanisa lokhu nephethini ethathwe kwenye isampula bese ubona ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokunemba ukuthi ziyahambisana noma cha.
Lobu buchwepheshe sebuyithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu elithinta izici eziningi zokuphila kwethu namuhla.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukunyathelisa iminwe kwe-DNA kuyindlela yokuhlola enembe kakhulu ekhomba iphethini yezakhi zofuzo eyingqayizivele kumuntu ngamunye.
- Lokhu kubalulekile ngezinjongo zomthetho ezifana nophenyo lobugebengu, ukusungula ubuhlobo, kanye nokuhlonza izinhlangano ezingaziwa.
- Kwezokwelapha, lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziselwa ukuthola abantu abafanelekela ukufakelwa izitho zomzimba, ukuxilonga izifo ezizuzwe njengefa, nokuthola ukwelashwa kwazo.
- Umphumela walolu vivinyo ufana 'nebhakhodi yofuzo' eyingqayizivele kumuntu ngamunye.
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ngezokwelapha mayelana nalokhu, khuluma nodokotela wakho njalo ukuze akunike iseluleko.
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