Wake wazibuza ukuthi inhliziyo yakho isebenza kanjani njalo, ngaphandle kokuphumula? Njengoba nje imoto idinga uphethiloli, inhliziyo yethu idinga nokunikezwa kwegazi njalo okugcwele izakhamzimba nomoya-mpilo ukuze isebenze. Kukhona uhlelo olukhethekile lwemithambo yegazi oluletha lelo gazi eliyigugu enhliziyweni. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi imithambo yenhliziyo, noma ngesiNgisi, imithambo yenhliziyo . Mhlawumbe uke wezwa leli gama lapho ukhuluma ngokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma kalula nangomusa ngalolu hlelo lwemithambo yegazi, olubaluleke kakhulu ezimpilweni zethu.
Kalula nje, iyini le mithambo yenhliziyo?
Cabanga ukuthi inhliziyo, epompa igazi emzimbeni wethu wonke, ifana nesiteshi samandla esiyinhloko sezwe lethu. Kodwa leso siteshi samandla sidinga nokunikezwa kwamandla okuhlukile ukuze sisebenze. Ngokufanayo, imisipha yenhliziyo, epompa igazi emzimbeni wonke, nayo idinga ukunikezwa kwegazi okuhlukile ukuze isebenze. Lo msebenzi obalulekile wenziwa yimithambo yenhliziyo.
Lena yimithambo yegazi eyinhloko ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni. Ihlukana isuka ku-aorta, umthambo wegazi omkhulu kunayo yonke emzimbeni wethu. Ihlukana isuka ebusweni benhliziyo ibe amagatsha amancane angena emisipheni yenhliziyo. Njengoba nje umuthi uqala empandeni bese uphuma amagatsha.
Sinemithambo emibili emikhulu yenhliziyo:
1. I-Right Coronary Artery (RCA): Lokhu kuhlinzeka ngegazi kakhulu ohlangothini lwesokudla lwenhliziyo, okungukuthi, i-atrium yangakwesokudla kanye ne-ventricle yangakwesokudla. Yilapho igazi lomzimba elingenawo umoya-mpilo liqoqana khona ngaphambi kokuba lithunyelwe emaphashini. Okubaluleke kakhulu, lo mthambo uphinde uhlinzeke ngegazi kwi-node ye-sinoatrial (SA) kanye ne-node ye-atrioventricular (AV), izikhungo ezimbili zikagesi ezizenzakalelayo ezilawula isigqi senhliziyo. Kalula nje, la ma-node amabili asebenza 'njenge-pacemaker' yenhliziyo, ekhombisa ukuthi inhliziyo kufanele ishaye nini.
2. Umthambo Wenhliziyo Oyinhloko Wesobunxele (LMCA): Lokhu kunikeza igazi ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo, okungukuthi, i-atrium yesobunxele kanye ne-ventricle yesobunxele. Lena yingxenye eyinhloko epompa igazi elihlanzekile, elinomoya-mpilo lisuka emaphashini liye emzimbeni wonke. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi le ngxenye ithole igazi elihle.
Ingabe le mithambo yegazi ihlelwe ngendlela efanayo kuwo wonke umuntu?
Nansi into emangalisayo. Akuwona wonke umuntu ohlela imithambo yenhliziyo ngendlela efanayo. Njengeminwe yethu, lokhu kungahluka kancane kumuntu nomuntu.
- Le mithambo ivame ukutholakala ngaphakathi kongqimba lwamafutha azungeze inhliziyo, kodwa kwabanye abantu, itholakala ngaphakathi kwemisipha yenhliziyo uqobo.
- Kwabanye abantu (cishe oyedwa kwabayishumi), ama-SA kanye nama-AV node, alawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo, athola igazi elivela emthanjeni wenhliziyo wesobunxele (LMCA), hhayi emthanjeni wenhliziyo wesokudla (RCA).
- Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi abanye abantu babe nomthambo owodwa wenhliziyo oqala e-aorta, bese uhlukana ube amagatsha angakwesokudla nakwesobunxele.
Iningi lalezi zinguquko azinangozi futhi ziyizimo ezivamile ezingabangeli zimpawu. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinkinga ezingavamile kakhulu (ezingaphansi kuka-1%) ezibangelwa ukuzalwa zingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu.
Yiziphi izinkinga eziyinhloko ezingase zenzeke ngemithambo yenhliziyo?
Isifo Semithambo Yenhliziyo (CAD) yisimo esivame ukuzwa ngaso. Lesi yisimo esivame kakhulu nesibucayi esithinta le mithambo yegazi.
Isifo semithambo yenhliziyo (CAD) sikhula kanjani?
Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu i -atherosclerosis . Lokhu kwenzeka lapho uhlobo lwefilimu yamafutha ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-plaque' iqongelela emithanjeni yegazi yethu, njengoba nje ukungcola nokugqwala kwakheka epayipini lamanzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Le filimu yamafutha yakhiwe kakhulu yi-cholesterol nezinye izinto.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, la mafutha ayanda futhi anciphise isikhala ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, okusho ukuthi avimba ukudlula kwegazi.
- Uma ukugeleza kwegazi kuba mncane: Uma ukhathele noma uzivocavoca, inhliziyo ayitholi igazi elanele. Lokhu kungabangela ubuhlungu besifuba (i-angina) .
- Uma umthambo wegazi uvalekile ngokuphelele: Ngezinye izikhathi lolu ngqimba olunamafutha lungaqhuma, kwakheke ihlule legazi kuleyo ndawo, futhi umthambo wegazi ungavaleka ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kwalokho, igazi liyayeka ukugeleza liye kuleyo ngxenye yenhliziyo. Lapho umoya-mpilo unqanyulwa, imisipha kuleyo ngxenye iqala ukufa. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi 'ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo' .
Kunezinye izimo eziningana ezingavamile:
- I-Aneurysm: Ubuthakathaka bodonga lomthambo wegazi, okubangela ukuba luvuvuke njengebhaluni.
- Ukuqaqamba kwemithambo yenhliziyo: Ukufinyela okukhulu kwemisipha ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi ngokuzumayo, okubangela ukuvinjelwa kokugeleza kwegazi.
- Ama-anomalies azalwa nawo (i-Anomalous coronary arteries): Ukuba khona kwezinye izimo ezingavamile endaweni yemithambo yegazi lapho izalwa.
Izimpawu eziyisixwayiso - qaphela lezi!
Uma kunenkinga ngemithambo yenhliziyo, uphawu oluyinhloko ubuhlungu besifuba (i-angina) . Kodwa-ke, kwabanye abantu, isikhathi sokuqala lapho bethola ukuthi banesifo semithambo yenhliziyo ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu.
Naka ngokukhethekile izici ezilandelayo.
| Isibonakaliso | Okufanele ngikwenze? |
|---|---|
| Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungakhululeki (i-Angina) Ubuhlungu obuvela ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzikhandla, ukukhwela izitebhisi, noma ngesikhathi sokucindezeleka kwengqondo bese buphela ngokuphumula. | Lesi yisixwayiso. Bona udokotela womndeni wakho ngokushesha okukhulu bese uxoxa ngalokhu. |
| Isimo Esiphuthumayo! - Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo | |
| Ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba Isifuba sizwakala siqinile, sicindezelwe, futhi sisinda. | Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, ungachithi isikhathi futhi shayela ngokushesha isevisi ye-ambulensi ka-1990 noma uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela esiseduze. |
| Ubuhlungu busakazekela kwezinye izindawo Ubuhlungu busakazekela emhlathini, entanyeni, emhlane, ezingalweni (ikakhulukazi engalweni yesobunxele), noma emahlombe. | |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula | |
| Ukuzizwa ubanda futhi ujuluka | |
| Ubuthakathaka, ukuquleka, noma isiyezi | |
Uzigcina kanjani lezi mithambo yegazi eyigugu ziphilile?
Into engcono kakhulu ukuvimbela lesi sifo ngaphambi kokuba sivele. Izinguquko ezilula endleleni yethu yokuphila zingagcina le mithambo yenhliziyo eyigugu iphilile.
- Ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo: Nciphisa usawoti, uwoyela, noshukela . Nciphisa ukudla okunamafutha agcwele kanye ne-cholesterol eningi (inyama enamafutha, ukudla okuthosiwe, ukudla okusheshayo). Esikhundleni salokho, faka izithelo ezintsha, imifino, ubhontshisi, izinhlanzi ezincane, kanye nokudla okusanhlamvu okuphelele ekudleni kwakho.
- Ukuzivocavoca okuvamile: okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosukuZivocavoce njengokuhamba ngokushesha, ukugijima, noma ukugibela ibhayisikili. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukulawula umfutho wegazi lakho, i-cholesterol kanye nesisindo.
- Ukulawula umfutho wegazi: Uma unengcindezi yegazi ephezulu, thatha imithi yakho njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele. Hlola umfutho wegazi lakho njalo.
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele: Uma ubhema, yeka ngokushesha . Kungumonakalo omkhulu enhliziyweni yakho nasemithanjeni yegazi. Futhi, ukuba seduze nabantu ababhemayo (ukubhema ugwayi okungenamsebenzi) kuyingozi.
- Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngangokunokwenzeka noma uyeke ngokuphelele.
- Ukulawula ukucindezeleka: Zama ukugcina ingqondo yakho ikhululekile ngezinto ezifana ne-yoga nokuzindla.
Uma unezici eziyingozi empilweni yemithambo yakho yenhliziyo (isib., umlando womndeni wesifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, i-cholesterol ephezulu), khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho bese uthola iseluleko nokwelashwa okudingekayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Imithambo yenhliziyo iyisistimu yemithambo yegazi ehlinzeka ngegazi emisipheni yenhliziyo yethu futhi ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwenhliziyo.
- Le mithambo ingavinjelwa yizinqwaba zamafutha (i-atherosclerosis). Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi isifo semithambo yenhliziyo (CAD), futhi siyimbangela ehamba phambili yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
- Ubuhlungu besifuba (i-Angina) buyisixwayiso esikhulu. Ungalokothi ubushaye indiva. Bonana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu obukhulu besifuba, ukuphelelwa umoya, nokujuluka kungaba izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Esimweni esinjalo, iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Ungagcina imithambo yakho yenhliziyo iphilile ngokudla ukudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca njalo, ukugwema ukubhema, nokulawula umfutho wegazi lakho.
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