Inhliziyo yethu iyisitho esimangalisayo esisebenza amahora angama-24 ngosuku, ngaphandle kokuphumula. Ifana nomshini osebenza ngokungayeki. Ngakho-ke, ukuze le nhliziyo esebenza kanzima kanye nemisipha yayo isebenze kahle, idinga ukuhlinzekwa njalo kwegazi elihlanzekile, elinomoya-mpilo omningi. Kodwa cabanga, kwenzekani uma imigudu ethambile ethwala igazi kule nhliziyo iqala ukuvaleka? Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Coronary Artery Disease ( CAD ) .
Kalula nje, siyini isifo semithambo yenhliziyo (CAD)?
Kalula nje, lokhu kwenzeka lapho imithambo yenhliziyo, ehlinzeka ngegazi elinomoya-mpilo ezinhliziyweni zethu, incipha noma ivaleke. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinto ezifana ne-cholesterol zakhana ezindongeni zale mithambo, zakha ungqimba esilubiza ngokuthi 'i-plaque' .
Lokhu kufana nokugqwala okwakheka ngaphakathi kwepayipi lamanzi elidala. Le plaque inciphisa isikhala ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, okunciphisa inani legazi elingageleza liye enhliziyweni.
Cabanga nje ukuthi emgwaqweni omkhulu onemizila emithathu, ngenxa yokwakhiwa komgwaqo, zonke izimoto zifakwa ngokuzumayo emzileni owodwa. Bese izimoto zihamba kancane kakhulu, akunjalo? Yilokho okwenzekayo lapho le mithambo yegazi ivalekile.
Ngokuvamile, lesi simo singakhula emzimbeni iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Yingakho abanye abantu besibiza ngokuthi "umbulali othule." Ngezinye izikhathi, enye yalezi zinsalela ingaqhuma ngokuzumayo, yakhe ihlule legazi elivimba ngokuphelele imithambo yegazi. Yilapho-ke siba nesimo esiphuthumayo esibizwa ngokuthi ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo .
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalesi sifo.
Sikhuluma ngalesi sifo ngezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko.
1. Isifo Senhliziyo Esizinzile Se-Ischemic: Lolu uhlobo olukhula kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Imithambo yakho yenhliziyo iyancipha kancane kancane eminyakeni eminingi. Ungase ube nezimpawu ezithile (njengobuhlungu besifuba ), ikakhulukazi uma ucindezelekile. Kodwa ngokuvamile ungenza imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.
2. I-Acute Coronary Syndrome:Lesi yisimo esiyingozi esenzeka ngokuzumayo futhi esidinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Okwenzekayo ukuthi i-plaque ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi iqhume ngokuzumayo, yakhe ihlule legazi phezu kwalo, livimbe ngokuphelele ukugeleza kwegazi. Yilokhu okubangela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha .
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?
Abantu abaningi abanazo izimpawu isikhathi eside. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lawa ma-deposit athatha iminyaka, ngisho namashumi eminyaka, ukwakheka. Kodwa njengoba imithambo iqala ukuncipha, ungase uqale ukuzwa izimpawu ezicashile. Lezi izimpawu zokuthi inhliziyo yakho isebenza kanzima kunokuvamile ukuthola umoya-mpilo oyidingayo.
Izimpawu eziyinhloko yilezi:
- I-Angina Ezinzile: Lolu uphawu oluvame kakhulu. Lubonakala ngokuqina kwesifuba, ukusinda, ubuhlungu, noma ukungakhululeki. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka uma uzivocavoca, uhamba ngokushesha, noma uthukuthele. Ubuhlungu buyaphela ngemva kokuphumula isikhashana.
- Ukuphelelwa umoya: Abanye abantu babhekana nokuphelelwa umoya, ngokuvamile nobunzima bokuphefumula, ngisho nalapho benza imisebenzi elula, njengokukhwela izitebhisi.
Abanye abantu baqala ukufunda ngalesi sifo ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu.
Kungani sithola lesi sifo? Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?
Imbangela eyinhloko yesifo semithambo yenhliziyo yi -atherosclerosis . Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, lokhu kuwukuqongelela kwe-cholesterol nezinye izinto ezindongeni zemithambo, okwakha i-plaque. Uma lesi simo sithinta imithambo yenhliziyo, siyibiza ngokuthi i-CAD.
Kunezici eziningi eziyingozi ezingathinta ukukhula kwalesi sifo. Ezinye zazo asikwazi ukuzilawula, kodwa eziningi zazo singazilawula ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila kanye nemithi. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini lezi.
| Uhlobo lwesici esiyingozi | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Izinto Ezingalawuleki | |
| Ubudala | Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-45 ubudala kwabesilisa, abesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala. |
| Umlando womndeni (Ufuzo) | Uma ilungu lomndeni eliseduze (ubaba, umfowethu, umama, udadewabo) libe nesifo senhliziyo lisencane. |
| Izinto Ezilawulwayo | |
| Ukubhema | Ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi. |
| Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme | Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ongalawuleki. |
| I-cholesterol ephezulu | Amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol embi (LDL) kanye namazinga aphansi e-cholesterol enhle (HDL) . |
| Isifo sikashukela | Ukuba nesifo sikashukela esingalawuleki. |
| Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile | Inkomba yesisindo somzimba (i-BMI) engaphezu kuka-25. |
| Imikhuba emibi yokudla | Ukudla ukudla okune-processed foods eningi, amafutha, ushukela kanye nosawoti. |
| Ukuntuleka kokuzilolonga | Ukungawuvivinyi umzimba. |
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokukubuza ngezimpawu zakho, indlela ophila ngayo, kanye nanoma yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha emndenini wakho. Uzobe esekwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi ahlole umfutho wegazi lakho. Ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi, uma esola ukuthi unalesi simo, angancoma ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
Ezinye zazo yilezi:
- Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Hlola izinto ezifana ne-cholesterol kanye namazinga kashukela.
- I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram): Hlola ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo.
- Isivivinyo Sokucindezeleka Kokuzivocavoca (Isivivinyo Sokugoba Imisipha): Inhliziyo yakho iqashwa kusetshenziswa i-ECG ngenkathi uhamba ku-treadmill.
- I-Echocardiogram: Ukuskena kwenhliziyo.
- I-CT Coronary Angiogram: I-CT scan ekhethekile ethatha izithombe zemithambo yegazi yenhliziyo ezinobukhulu obuthathu.
- I-Coronary Angiogram (i-Cardiac Catheterization): Kulokhu, kudluliswa ipayipi elincane ngomthambo ongalweni noma emlenzeni liye enhliziyweni, kufakwe idayi, bese kuthathwa i-X-ray ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umthambo uvalekile kangakanani.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Kunemigomo emibili eyinhloko yokwelapha isifo semithambo yenhliziyo. Eyokuqala ukulawula izimpawu nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila. Eyokuqala ukunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu, njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
Izindlela zokwelapha zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:
1. Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila
Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu futhi eyisisekelo.
- Ukuyeka ukubhema ngokuphelele.
- Ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo: Yidla usawoti omncane, uwoyela, noshukela, kanye nemifino eminingi, izithelo, amakhambi, kanye nokudla okucebile nge-fiber.
- Ukuzivocavoca okuvamile: Zivocavoce, njengokuhamba ngokushesha, okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, okungenani izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto.
- Ukulawula isisindo somzimba.
- Ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka.
2. Imithi (imithi)
Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imithi ehlukahlukene yokulawula izici eziyingozi nokunciphisa izimpawu.
- Imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol (ama-statin).
- Imithi yokulawula umfutho wegazi.
- Imithi evimbela ukujiya kwegazi (njenge-Aspirin).
- Imithi elawula ubuhlungu besifuba (i-Angina).
3. Ukuhlinzwa nezinye izindlela
Kwabanye abantu, ikakhulukazi labo abanamapayipi avimbeke kakhulu, imithi yodwa ayanele. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lokwelashwa.
- I-Angioplasty kanye ne-stenting (Percutaneous Coronary Intervention - PCI): Lokhu kuhilela ukudlulisa ithubhu elincane elinebhaluni emthanjeni ovinjiwe, ukulifutha ukuze kuvulwe kabusha umthambo, bese kufakwa ithubhu elincane elinoxhumano olubizwa ngokuthi i-stent ukuvimbela umthambo ukuthi ungaphinde unciphe.
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass (Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting - CABG):Lokhu kufana nokudala umzila omusha ozungeze umthambo ovalekile. Umthambo wegazi ophilile othathwe kwenye ingxenye yomzimba (ngokuvamile umlenze noma isifuba) uxhunywe endaweni evalekile kanye nomhlane, okudala umzila omusha wokugeleza kwegazi.
Kunini lapho kufanele ngibone udokotela ngokushesha/ngiye e-ETU?
Uma uzwa izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo , iya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) esibhedlela ngokushesha noma ushayele i-ambulensi. Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu lapha.
Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo:
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu, obucindezelayo, obucindezelayo phakathi nesifuba.
- Lobuhlungu busakazekela engalweni yesobunxele, entanyeni, emhlathini, emhlane, noma ehlombe.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
- Ukujuluka okukhulu, isiyezi, ukuhlanza.
Ungazinaki lezi zimpawu. Ungacabangi nje ukuthi, "Lokhu kungaba yisifo sofuba." Uma ungabaza, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Uma unesifo semithambo yenhliziyo, kubalulekile ukuhlala uxhumana nodokotela wakho njalo. Uma uthola izimpawu ezintsha, unemiphumela emibi evela emithini yakho, noma unemibuzo ngesimo sakho, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo semithambo yenhliziyo (CAD) siwukuvinjelwa kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni. Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu.
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, i-cholesterol ephezulu, kanye nokubhema yizona zinto eziyinhloko ezibangela ingozi.
- Lesi sifo singalawulwa kahle ngokwenza izinguquko endleleni yokuphila (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba) kanye nokuthatha imithi oyinikezwe udokotela wakho njengoba nje uyalelwe.
- Ungazinaki izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba nobunzima bokuphefumula.
- Uma ubona izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, hamba esibhedlela ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala.
- Ungadangali uma uthola ukuthi unalesi sifo. Ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokushintsha indlela yokuphila, ungaphila impilo ende nenempilo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze athuthukise uhlelo lokwelashwa olungcono kakhulu kuwe.
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