Uke waba namahlule egazi emithanjeni yakho yemilenze? Ake sixoxe nge-(Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT)!

Wake wezwa ngalesi sifo esibizwa ngokuthi `(Deep Vein Thrombosis)` noma i-DVT? Mhlawumbe wena noma othile omaziyo uke waba nomlenze ovuvukile nobuhlungu ngokuzumayo wabe eseya kudokotela. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi siyini ngempela, ukuthi kungani senzeka, ingabe siyingozi, nokuthi yini okufanele siyenze, kulungile?

Iyini ngempela i-DVT?

Kalula nje, i-DVT (`(Deep Vein Thrombosis)`) ukwakheka kwehlule legazi (`(thrombus)`) ngaphakathi emithanjeni, ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu. Cabanga ngakho njengodaka olubhajwe epayipini lamanzi. Kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwakheka kwala mahlule egazi. Esinye ukuthi imithambo yonakele ngandlela thile. Esinye ukuthi ijubane lokugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni liyehla, okusho ukuthi igazi lihamba kancane kakhulu.

Uma kwakheka ihlule legazi, lingavimba ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye ukugeleza kwegazi ngemithambo yegazi. Ngokuvamile, i-DVT yenzeka emithanjeni yomlenze ongezansi (iqakala), ithanga, noma inqulu. Kodwa-ke, i-DVT ingavela nakweminye imithambo ejulile emzimbeni, njengengalo, ubuchopho, amathumbu, isibindi nezinso.

Iyingozi kangakanani i-DVT?

Manje ungase ucabange ukuthi, kumane nje kuyi-blood clot, pho kungani kungaba yingozi? Uma i-DVT ihlala lapho ikhona, ingase ingabangela ingozi enkulu. Kodwa into eyingozi kakhulu ukuthi i-blood clot eyakheka ngaphakathi kwale mithambo ingagqashuka futhi ihambe emzimbeni wonke negazi.

Cabanga nje uma ihlule legazi (i-embolus) eliqhekeka libhajwa emthanjeni wegazi emaphashini, okuyisimo esiyingozi kakhulu . Kwezokwelapha, sikubiza ngokuthi "i-Pulmonary Embolism" noma i-PE. Njengoba lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu, ukuthola isifo, bese uqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa cishe ingxenye yabantu abane-DVT emilenzeni yabo, noma cishe oyedwa kwababili, bangase babe nobuhlungu nokuvuvukala ngezikhathi ezithile emilenzeni yabo izinyanga, noma ngisho neminyaka. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi "i-post-thrombotic syndrome". Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-DVT ilimaza ama-valve athambile ngaphakathi kwemithambo kanye nodonga lwangaphakathi lwemithambo, okubangela ukuba igazi lihlangane endaweni eyodwa esikhundleni sokuya phezulu kahle. Lobuhlungu nokuvuvukala kubangelwa ukucindezela okukhulu ngaphakathi kwemithambo.

I-Post-thrombotic syndrome ingafaka lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Ukubuthana kwegazi emlenzeni.
• Iqiniso lokuthi imilenze iyaqhubeka nokuvuvukala.
• Ukwanda kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi.
• Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba emilenzeni, ngezinye izikhathi kuba nsundu.
• Izilonda zemithambo yegazi ezimile ziyizilonda okunzima ukuzelapha emilenzeni.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-DVT kanye ne-deep vein thrombosis?

Cishe uke wezwa ngomthambo ovuvukele, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi obuhlungu uma uwuthinta. Ubizwa ngokuthi `(I-Superficial Venous Thrombosis)` (abanye abantu bawubiza nangokuthi `(phlebitis)` noma `(i-superficial thrombophlebitis)`). Ungaphansi kwesikhumba sakho,Kuvela ihlule legazi emthanjeni oseduze. Akuvamile ukuthi ihlule legazi elinjengaleli liqhume liye emaphashini. Kodwa-ke, uma ihlule legazi liya ohlelweni lwemithambo ejulile, kunethuba elincane lokuthi kungenzeka.

Udokotela ngokuvamile angabona ukuthi kukhona amahlule egazi emithanjeni eseduze nesikhumba ngokuyithinta ngomunwe nangokuyihlola. Kodwa-ke, ukuze uqiniseke ngokuphelele nge-DVT, okungukuthi, amahlule egazi emthanjeni ojulile, kudingeka ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound nakanjani.

Ivame kangakanani le DVT?

Kubalulekile ukwazi nalokhu. Uma ubheka izibalo ezweni elifana neMelika, kuthiwa phakathi komuntu oyedwa kuya kwabathathu kubantu abadala abayi-1,000 bathola i-DVT noma i-`(Pulmonary Embolism)` (PE) ephumela lapho minyaka yonke. Kuthiwa futhi abantu ababalelwa kumakhulu amathathu ezinkulungwane bayafa minyaka yonke ngenxa ye-DVT/PE. Cabanga nje, i-DVT/PE iyisifo sesithathu esivame kakhulu semithambo yegazi ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi.

Nakuba i-DVT/PE ingenzeka kunoma yimuphi ubudala, ayivamile ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abasebasha. Ivame kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60. Elinye iqiniso elibalulekile ukuthi ngaphezu kwengxenye ye-DVTs yenzeka ngesikhathi belashwa esibhedlela ngenxa yokugula noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuthi uma sisesibhedlela, asihambi ngendlela evamile futhi sihlale embhedeni isikhathi eside, okunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi emilenzeni.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-DVT?

I-DVT ivame ukwenzeka emithanjeni yemilenze noma izingalo. Ngokumangalisayo, cishe abantu abangu-30% abane-DVT, noma cishe oyedwa kwabathathu, abanazo izimpawu! Ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zincane kangangokuthi abanye abantu bangase bangaziboni.

Kodwa-ke, izimpawu ze-DVT engazelelwe (ebukhali) zingase zihlanganise:

• Ukuvuvukala komlenze noma ingalo (ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kwenzeka ngokuzumayo).
• Ubuhlungu noma ukuzwela emlenzeni noma engalweni (lokhu kungazwakala kuphela uma umi noma uhamba).
• Ukuzwa ukuthi indawo evuvukele nebuhlungu yomlenze noma ingalo ishisa kakhulu kunezinye.
• Ukubomvu noma ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba kuleyo ndawo.
• Imithambo eseduze nesikhumba ibonakala inkulu kunejwayelekile futhi ivuvukele.
• Ubuhlungu besisu noma ubuhlungu ohlangothini lwesisu (lokhu kwenzeka uma kwakheka amahlule egazi emithanjeni ejulile ngaphakathi kwesisu).
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu (ngokuvamile eliqala ngokuzumayo) kanye/noma ukuxhuzula (lokhu kwenzeka uma kwakheka ihlule legazi ebuchosheni).

Abanye abantu abazi ukuthi bane-DVT kuze kube yilapho ihlule liphuma emlenzeni noma engalweni bese liya emaphashini abo. Yilapho-ke beqala khona ukuzwa izimpawu ze-pulmonary embolism (PE), ezingafaka phakathi ubuhlungu besifuba obungazelelwe, ukuphelelwa umoya, ukukhwehlela igazi, ukuzizwa unesiyezi, kanye nokulahlekelwa ukwazi.

Nakhu okufanele ukukhumbule: Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu sezimpawu ze-DVT, sicela ungalindi ukuthi izimpawu ziphele. Shayela udokotela ngokushesha, noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze nawe. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kungavimbela izinkinga ezinkulu.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-DVT?

Manje ake sibheke izimbangela ezivame kakhulu, noma izici eziyingozi, ze-DVT. Uma lezi zisebenza kuwe, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuqaphela kancane nge-DVT:

• Ukuba nomlando womndeni wezimo zofuzo ezandisa ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi.
• Umdlavuza kanye nezinye izindlela zawo zokwelapha (njenge-chemotherapy).
• Uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho eseke waba ne-DVT ngaphambili.
• Ukuvinjelwa kokugeleza kwegazi emthanjeni ojulile ngenxa yokulimala, ukuhlinzwa, noma ukungasebenzi kahle isikhathi eside.
• Ukuhlala endaweni efanayo, ngaphandle kokunyakaza, isikhathi eside. Njengalapho uhamba ngebhasi elide, isitimela, noma indiza, noma lapho uhlala embhedeni ngemva kokuhlinzwa noma ukulimala okukhulu.
• Ukukhulelwa noma usanda kuthola umntwana (ingozi iphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwamasonto ayisithupha okuqala).
• Ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 ubudala (kodwa khumbula ukuthi i-DVT ingakhula kunoma yimuphi ubudala).
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile/ukukhuluphala ngokweqile .
• Ukuba nesifo sokuzivikela komzimba njenge-lupus, vasculitis, noma isifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo (IBD).
• Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo kagwayi (njengogwayi, ama-beedis).
• Abantu abanemithambo evuvukele nabo basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-DVT.
• Ukuthatha amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo noma ukwelashwa ngama-hormone .
• Ukuba ne-catheter yemithambo ephakathi (ithubhu efakwe emthanjeni omkhulu) noma i-pacemaker (idivayisi elawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo) efakwe emzimbeni.
• Ukuthi usanda kutheleleka nge-COVID-19 kwandisa nengozi ye-DVT.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi une-DVT?

Uma ubona udokotela onezimpawu ze-DVT, bazoqala bakubuze ngezimpawu zakho, ezinye izimo zakho zezokwelapha, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nezimo ezifanayo. Bese bezokuhlola. Ngemva kwalokho, bangenza okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kokuhlolwa okulandelayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi une-DVT:

Ukuhlolwa kokutholwa kwe-DVT

• `(I-Duplex venous ultrasound)` : Lolu uhlobo lokuhlola oluvame ukusetshenziswa, olungenabuhlungu, futhi olulula ukulusebenzisa ukuthola i-DVT.Lokhu kusebenzisa amaza omsindo abizwa nge-ultrasound ukubheka ukugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni nokubona ukuthi kukhona yini amahlule egazi. Umuntu owenza lokhu kuhlolwa ubeka i-ultrasound probe emlenzeni noma engalweni yakho bese ecindezela kancane. Uma umthambo unganciphi kahle uma uwucindezela, udokotela angase asole ukuthi kungase kube namahlule egazi lapho. Uma imiphumela yale ultrasound ingacacile kahle, udokotela angase enze olunye ukuhlolwa.
• `(I-Venography)` : Lolu uhlobo lokuhlolwa olwenziwa ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Lusetshenziswa kaningi kulezi zinsuku. Lapha, kwenziwa ukusikwa okuncane esikhumbeni sentamo noma i-groin, kufakwa ipayipi elincane (`(i-catheter)`) ngalo emthanjeni, bese kufakwa uketshezi olukhethekile (izinto ezihlukile) emithanjeni. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuthathwa izithombe ze-X-ray ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ukugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni kuvinjiwe yini ngenxa yamahlule egazi.
• I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) noma i-Magnetic Resonance Venography (MRV) : I-MRI ingathatha izithombe ezicacile zezitho nezakhiwo ngaphakathi komzimba. I-MRV ingathatha izithombe zemithambo yegazi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezithile zomzimba. I-MRI ne-MRV zivame ukunikeza ulwazi olunemininingwane eminingi kune-ultrasound noma i-CT scan.
• I-computed tomography (CT) scan : Lena enye indlela yokuthatha izithombe ezihlukanisayo zangaphakathi lomzimba usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-X-ray. Udokotela angasebenzisa i-CT scan ukuthola i-DVT esiswini, ethangeni, noma ebuchosheni, kanye nokubheka amahlule egazi emaphashini (pulmonary embolism).

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi unesifo sokujiya kwegazi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzuze ngefa noma usitholile, angase acele ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukhethekile ukuze akufune. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezimweni ezinjengalezi:

• Uma uke waba namahlule egazi esikhathini esidlule ongeke uthole esinye isizathu esisobala sawo.
• Uma une-blood clot emthanjeni endaweni engavamile, njengamathumbu akho, isibindi, izinso, noma ubuchopho.
• Uma umndeni wakho unomlando oqinile wamahlule egazi.
• Uma othile emndenini wakho esevele etholakale enesifo esithile sofuzo sokujiya kwegazi.

Impilo yansuku zonke injani nge-DVT?

Uma une-DVT, ungase ube nobuhlungu nokuvuvukala emlenzeni wakho ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala, okwenza kube nzima ngawe ukuhambahamba wenze imisebenzi yakho evamile. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, kancane kancane ungabuyela emisebenzini yakho evamile .

Uma imilenze yakho ivuvukele futhi izwakala isinda, zama ukulala embhedeni ubeke umcamelo owodwa noma emibili ngaphansi kwemilenze yakho bese ugcina izithende zakho zingamasentimitha angu-5-6 ngaphezu kwekhanda lakho. Lokhu kuzosiza ekuthuthukiseni ukugeleza kwegazi kusuka emilenzeni yakho kuya enhliziyweni yakho futhi kunciphise ukuvuvukala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, cabanga ngalezi zinto:

• Uma kufanele uhlale isikhathi eside (isib., lapho usebenza ehhovisi, ubukele i-TV), yenza izivivinyo ezihilela ukuhambisa izinqe zakho emuva naphambili okungenani kanye njalo ngemva kwesigamu sehora.
• Vuka uhambe imizuzu embalwa okungenani njalo ngehora uvukile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma usendizeni ende noma ohambweni olude ngemoto efana nebhasi, isitimela, noma imoto.
• Uma udokotela wakho ekunikezile, gqoka amasokisi akhethekile okucindezela afika emadolweni akho. Ukuwagqoka njalo ekuseni nakusihlwa kutholakale ukuthi kunciphisa ubuhlungu bemilenze nokuvuvukala ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-50.
• Gwema imisebenzi engabangela ukulimala okukhulu (isib. ukugijima noma ukugxuma ezemidlalo okunomthelela omkhulu) isikhashana.
• Phuza amanzi amaningi njalo, ikakhulukazi uma usohambweni, futhi ungavumeli umzimba wakho uphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-DVT?

Abanye abantu abane-DVT kungadingeka bahlale esibhedlela ukuze bathole ukwelashwa, kodwa iningi labantu lingelashwa ekhaya, lithatha imithi njengoba kunqunywe udokotela wabo, futhi liye emitholampilo (ngaphandle kwesibhedlela).

Izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko ze-DVT yilezi:

• Ukunikeza imithi yokunciphisa igazi (ama-anticoagulant) ukuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi.
• Into engikhulume ngayo ekuqaleni ukugqoka amasokisi okucindezelayo.
• Ukuphakamisa umlenze/imilenze ethintekile izikhathi eziningana phakathi nosuku.

Akuvamile kakhulu, uma i-DVT isisabalale kakhulu, ukwelashwa okukhethekile (izinqubo ezisekelwe ku-catheter) kungadingeka.

Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zinemigomo eminingana eyinhloko:

• Umgomo uwukuvimba ukuthi ihlule legazi elikhona lingakhuli futhi lisakazekele kweminye imithambo ezungezile.
• Ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka kwegazi ekuphumeni emthanjeni bese kuhamba negazi liye emaphashini (okubangela i-pulmonary embolism).
• Ukunciphisa ingozi yokuphinda kuvele lolu hlobo lokuqhekeka kwegazi esikhathini esizayo.
• Ukuvimbela izinkinga zesikhathi eside (isib., ukungasebenzi kahle kwemithambo yegazi okungapheli, isimo esibangela ukuvuvukala emilenzeni kanye nokushintsha kombala wesikhumba) okungabangelwa yilokhu kuqhekeka kwegazi.

Khumbula lezi zinto mayelana nemithi

Uma udokotela wakho ekunike imithi ye-DVT, qaphela kakhulu ngalezi zinto:

• Phuza umuthi wakho njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele, ngesikhathi esifanele, ngesilinganiso esifanele. Ungaphuthelwa usuku olulodwa.
• Yenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi lakho njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekutshelile, futhi ungaphuthelwa ukuya elabhorethri. (Amanye ama-blood thinner adinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo ukuze ahlole ikhono lakho lokujiya kwegazi.)
• Ungaqali noma yimiphi imithi emisha (kufaka phakathi imithi yobuhlungu ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela, amavithamini, kanye nemithi ye-Ayurvedic) noma uyeke ukuthatha noma yimiphi imithi oyisebenzisayo njengamanje ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho.
• Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokudla kwakho. Ezinye izidakamizwa zokunciphisa igazi (njenge-warfarin) zingase zinciphise inani lokudla okuthile okudlayo (njengemifino). Ngakho-ke qaphela lokhu.

Okunye okwengeziwe ngokwelashwa kwe-DVT

Ama-anticoagulant (ama-blood thinner)

Lo muthi uvimbela kakhulu igazi lakho ukuthi lijiye kalula. Uvimbela futhi amahlule egazi akhona ukuthi akhule, futhi uvimbela nokuthi aqhekeke futhi ahambehamba.

Okubalulekile, lawa ma-anticoagulant awancibilikisi amahlule egazi. Izindlela zemvelo zomzimba wakho ziyancibilikisa amahlule kancane kancane. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi amahlule awancibiliki ngokuphelele. Uma enza kanjalo, ayancibilika futhi ahlale "njengezibazi" ezincane ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Ngezinye izikhathi la mahlule "amadala" angabangela ukuvuvukala kwemilenze okuqhubekayo, kodwa isikhathi esiningi awabangeli izimpawu ezinkulu.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-anticoagulant. Isibonelo, i-warfarin (ethengiswa ngamagama anjenge-Coumadin), i-heparin (enikezwa njengomjovo), kanye nama-anticoagulant amasha omlomo aqondile (ama-DOAC) noma ama-anticoagulant amasha omlomo (ama-NOAC) (isb. i-rivaroxaban, i-apixaban, i-dabigatran). Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lomuthi olulungele wena futhi oluphephile.

Uma udinga ukuthatha umuthi wokulwa nokuvuvukala kwegazi, ukuthi udinga ukuwuthatha isikhathi esingakanani kuzoncika esimweni sakho. Abanye abantu badinga ukuwuthatha izinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela (ngokuvamile izinyanga ezi-3-6), kanti abanye kungadingeka bawuthathe impilo yabo yonke. Lokhu kuncike ezintweni ezifana nalezi:

• Wake waba namahlule egazi kanje ngaphambili?
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi welashwa ngesimo sesikhathi eside, njengomdlavuza noma isifo sokuzivikela komzimba (uma kunjalo, kungase kudingeke ukuthi uphuze umuthi wokulwa nokuvuvukala kwegazi isikhathi eside, okwandisa ingozi yakho yokuba nehlule legazi).

Umphumela ovame kakhulu wemithi yokuvimbela ukugabha kwegazi ukuphuma kwegazi. Uma uzwa ukuklwebheka okulula, ukuphuma kwegazi ngokweqile ezinsinini zakho lapho uxubha amazinyo akho, ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni, noma indle emnyama ngenkathi uthatha le mithi, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

`(Amasokisi Okucindezela)` (Amasokisi Aqinile Akhethekile)

Udokotela wakho angase akunike umyalelo wokugqoka amasokisi akhethekile okucindezela ukuze unciphise noma uqede ukuvuvukala emilenzeni yakho. Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu kuvuvukala ukulimala kwama-valve athambile ngaphakathi kwemithambo yakho okubangelwa yi-DVT. Ukuvuvukala kungenzeka futhi ngoba ukugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni yakho kuvinjiwe yi-DVT.

Amasokisi amaningi okucindezela afika ngesimo esigqokwa ngaphansi kwedolo. La masokisi aqina kancane eqakaleni, futhi kancane kancane ayancipha njengoba unyuka umlenze. Lokhu kudala ukucindezela okuhamba kancane, okufanayo (ukucindezela) emlenzeni, kunciphisa ukuhlangana kwegazi futhi kusize ukuthi likhuphukele phezulu. Abanye abantu kufanele bawagqoke iminyaka emibili noma ngaphezulu. Izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi ukugqoka la masokisi nsuku zonke kusukela ekuseni kuze kube kusihlwa (hhayi ebusuku lapho ulele) kunganciphisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala emlenzeni ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-50.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ngemva kokuhlinzwa okukhulu, ungase ubone abantu begqoke amadivayisi akhethekile (`(amadivayisi okucindezela umoya ngezikhathi ezithile)`) abekwa eduze komlenze wakho futhi aqiniswe futhi akhululwe ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kuvinjelwe i-DVT ngenkathi usesibhedlela. Lawa awanconywa ukuthi asetshenziswe ngaphandle kwesibhedlela. Futhi, lawa madivayisi awanconywa kumuntu osevele ene-DVT emlenzeni wakhe.

Izinqubo ezithile ze-DVT

I-DVT ingaphathwa ngemithi. Kodwa-ke, uma ungakwazi ukuthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi ngesizathu esithile, noma uma uqhubeka nokuba namahlule egazi naphezu kokuwasebenzisa kahle, udokotela ohlinzayo kungadingeka enze ukuhlinzwa ukuze abeke idivayisi ekhethekile (isihlungi se-vena cava esingaphansi noma isihlungi se-IVC) emthanjeni omkhulu emzimbeni wakho (i-vena cava).

Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngokufaka izinzwa endaweni. Udokotela ohlinzayo ufaka lesi `(isihlungi se-IVC)` ngepayipi elincane (`(i-catheter)`) emthanjeni omkhulu embotsheni yakho noma entanyeni, bese esithatha asifake ku-`(vena cava)`, umthambo oyinhloko othwala igazi lisuka ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zomzimba liye enhliziyweni. Inhloso yalesi sihlungi ukuvimbela amahlule egazi emithanjeni yemilenze yakho ukuthi angaphuki futhi akhuphuke, kanye namahlule amakhulu egazi (`(emboli)`) ukuthi aye emaphashini akho futhi abangele i-`(pulmonary embolism)`. Kodwa khumbula, yize i-`(IVC filter)` inciphisa ingozi ye-`(pulmonary embolism)`, ayivimbeli amahlule egazi amasha ukuthi akheke emithanjeni yakho.

Ngingayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yami yokuthola i-DVT?

Bathi, "Ukuvimbela kungcono kunokwelapha." Ngakho-ke lokho kuyiqiniso nange-DVT.

Uma usuvele une-DVT futhi usuqedile ukwelashwa, kufanele wenze okulandelayo ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho yokuthola elinye ihlule legazi le-DVT/PE esikhathini esizayo:

• Phuza imithi yakho njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele, isikhathi esinqunyiwe.
• Ungaphuthelwa ukuqokwa kukadokotela wakho kanye nokuhlolwa kwelebhu. Lezi yizinsuku lapho udokotela wakho anganquma khona ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kusebenza kahle kangakanani nokuthi umthamo wemithi yakho udinga ukushintshwa yini.
• Yenza izinguquko ezinempilo endleleni yokuphila, njengokudla ukudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca nsuku zonke, nokuyeka ukubhema ngokuphelele.

Uma ungakaze ube ne-DVT, kodwa unesifo esisodwa noma ngaphezulu esibalulwe ngenhla, qaphela ukuthi uvimbela i-DVT ngokuthi:

• Uma kufanele uhlale endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside (isib. ehhovisi, ohambweni olude), yenza ukuzivocavoca okulula, njengokuhambisa izinqe zakho phezulu naphansi bese uphendula amaqakala akho, okungenani kanye njalo ngemva kwesigamu sehora.
• Uma usendizeni ende, vuka okungenani kanye ngehora bese uhambahamba emzileni. Uma usendizeni ende (ibhasi, imoto), phuma emotweni okungenani kanye ngehora noma amabili bese uhambahamba kancane, welula imilenze yakho kancane.
• Ngemva kokugula noma ukuhlinzwa, vuka embhedeni uqale ukuhamba ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma uqala ukuhamba ngokushesha, amathuba okuba ube ne-DVT mancane.
• Ngemva kokuhlinzwa okukhulu, uma udokotela wakho ekunikezile, thatha umuthi (isib. imijovo emincane ye-heparin) noma ugqoke amasokisi okucindezela ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi.
• Bona udokotela wakho ngezikhathi ezihleliwe bese ulandela imiyalelo yakhe ngqo ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho ye-DVT.

Yini engingayilindela uma ngine-DVT?

Kungathatha izinyanga kuya onyakeni ukuthi ihlule legazi lincibilike ngokuphelele ku-DVT. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuthatha ama-blood thinners akho nokugqoka amasokisi okucindezela, uma kunikezwe udokotela, kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi uyeke.

Uma uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi (ikakhulukazi i-warfarin), kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlolwe igazi njalo (izivivinyo ze-INR) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola umthamo ofanele. Udokotela wakho angase afune ukwenza ama-ultrasound amaningi kamuva ukuze ahlole ukuthi ihlule legazi lakho lisakhona yini, ukuthi lehlile yini ngobukhulu noma liyakhula, nokuthi imithambo yakho ihamba kanjani.

Kufanele ngiphinde ngimbone nini udokotela wami?

Uma izimpawu zakho (njengobuhlungu emilenzeni nokuvuvukala) zingathuthuki noma zingabi zimbi kakhulu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Futhi, uma uphuka kalula ngenkathi uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi, noma uma uphuma igazi eliningi ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, tshela udokotela wakho.

Kufanele ngiye nini eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (i-ETU) ?

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu futhi. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo ngenkathi uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi, okusho ukuthi ubonisa izimpawu zokopha ngokweqile, hamba uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela ngokushesha:

• Uma ukuhlanza kubomvu ngokugqamile ngenxa yegazi, noma uma ukuhlanza kumnyama njengekhofi eligayiwe.
• Uma indle ibomvu ngokugqamile inegazi, noma uma indle imnyama kakhulu futhi inamathela.
• Uma uqhubeka nokopha igazi ngokunganqandeki ekhaleni lakho, emlonyeni, noma kwenye indawo.
• Uma uzwa izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi, njengobuhlungu bekhanda obungazelelwe, ukushintsha kombono, ubunzima bokukhuluma, noma ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma kutholakala ukuthi une-DVT, kuvamile ukuba nemibuzo eminingi engqondweni yakho. Ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho ngezinto ezifana nalezi:

• Kuyoze kube nini ngithatha lo muthi wokunciphisa igazi?
• Ngizokwazi nini ukuhamba ngendlela evamile futhi (ikakhulukazi uhambo olude, izindiza)?
• Kufanele ngimbone kangaki udokotela (`(ama-aphoyintimenti okulandelela)`)?
• Ingabe kudingeka ngenze noma yiziphi izinguquko ezikhethekile ekudleni kwami?
• Yimiphi imisebenzi okufanele ngiyigweme ngenkathi ngithatha lokwelashwa?

Ngakho-ke, yini okufanele siyithathe ekhaya kule ndaba?

I-DVT akuyona into okufanele uyesabe, kodwa futhi akuyona into okufanele ithathwe kalula. Yisimo esithinta abantu abaningi emhlabeni wonke futhi singelashwa ngempumelelo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi,Uma unezimpawu, bona udokotela ngokushesha bese uthatha ukwelashwa njengoba nje encoma. Uma unikezwe imithi yokunciphisa igazi, yithathe ngesikhathi bese uthola ukuhlolwa okunconywa udokotela wakho. Udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukuphendula noma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho ngempilo yakho. Ngakho-ke, khuluma naye ngokukhululekile bese uthola ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwesimo sakho. Hlala uphilile!

I- Deep Vein Thrombosis, i-DVT, amahlule egazi, imithambo yegazi, i-Pulmonary Embolism, i-PE, ukuvuvukala kwemilenze, izinto ezinciphisa igazi, amasokisi okucindezela, amahlule egazi, i-venous thrombosis