Ake sixoxe ngebutho elimangalisayo emizimbeni yethu: isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela!

Wake wacabanga ukuthi kukhona impi enkulu, impi eqhubekayo ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngaphandle kokuthi siqaphele? Ngisho noma sithola umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, noma ngisho nokulimala okuncane, iqembu lamasosha amancane ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu liya emsebenzini ngokushesha. Lelo yilo mandla amakhulu avikela imizimba yethu, alwa namagciwane nezifo ezivela ngaphandle, esizibiza ngokuthi i-Immune System . Lokhu kufana nebutho elikhethekile lokuphepha elisemizimbeni yethu! Baqaphile amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto, besivikela.

Obani laba bavikeli bomzimba wethu? Ake sijwayelane namalungu esimiso somzimba sokuzivikela!

Cabanga ngakho, amasosha omzimba awayona into eyodwa nje, afana neqembu elikhulu. Ilungu ngalinye laleli qembu, okungukuthi, izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli nezitho zomzimba wethu, lisebenzisana ukufeza lo msebenzi wokuzivikela. Ngayinye inendima yayo ehlukile.

Amaseli Amhlophe Egazi (ama-Leukocyte) - Abaqaphi Bomzimba Wethu

Amaqhawe amakhulu aleli butho lokuzivikela abizwa ngokuthi amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (ama-Leukocyte) . Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ukuthi igazi liqukethe amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi kanye namangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Lawo mangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ayizimpi zesimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zala mangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (ama-Leukocyte), njengoba nje kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ebuthweni.

Ama-Phagocyte - amasosha asebenza kanzima afuna futhi abhubhise amagciwane

Ama-phagocyte ayiqembu elikhethekile lamaseli amhlophe egazi (ama-leukocyte). Igama elithi "phagocyte" lisho "umdli wamangqamuzana." Ungabona ngegama ngokwalo ukuthi benzani. Yebo, lawa ma-phagocyte asebenza kakhulu. Abakwenzayo ukuthola izinto ezifana namagciwane namabhaktheriya angene emzimbeni, awazungeze, futhi, ngokuqondile , 'awaphule abe yizicucu bese ewagwinya.' Njengoba nje umama wethu ebona udoti endlini yethu, uwukhukhula ngomshanelo, lawa maseli asusa nezinto ezingadingekile namagciwane emzimbeni futhi awuhlanze.

I-Neutrophil - uchwepheshe wokulwa namagciwane

Elinye ilungu elibalulekile leqembu elibizwa ngokuthi ama-phagocytes uhlobo lweseli elibizwa ngokuthi ama-neutrophil . Alwa ngqo nokutheleleka ngamagciwane.Ukulwa. Cabanga nje, ngezinye izikhathi uma uya kudokotela unesifo somphimbo obuhlungu, udokotela uthi, "Lokhu kumele kube ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, ake sihlole igazi." Enye yezinto abazibhekayo inani lamaseli e-neutrophil. Uma kukhona ukutheleleka ngamagciwane emzimbeni, umzimba wethu ukhiqiza inani elikhulu lala maseli e-neutrophil ukuze alwe nalabo abahlaseli. Ngakho-ke uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukhombisa ukuthi inani liye landa, udokotela uyaqonda ukuthi kukhona uhlobo oluthile lwempi yamagciwane eqhubekayo emzimbeni. Akuzona nje lezi neutrophil, kukhona nezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-phagocyte, ngalinye lazo lenza umsebenzi walo wokuvikela umzimba.

Ama-lymphocyte - amasosha ahlakaniphile akhumbula isitha futhi alwe

Elinye iqembu elibaluleke kakhulu, elihlakaniphile lamaseli amhlophe egazi (ama-Leukocyte) libizwa ngokuthi ama-Lymphocyte . Ubuchwepheshe babo ukuthi abakwazi nje kuphela ukubona izitha (amagciwane) angena emzimbeni, kodwa futhi bakhumbule lezo zitha . Njengoba nje amaphoyisa egcina imininingwane nezithombe zezigebengu ukuze bakwazi ukuzibona uma bezibona futhi. Yileyo ndlela la ma-Lymphocyte asebenza ngayo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zala ma-Lymphocyte. Ama -B Lymphocyte nama -T Lymphocyte . Womabili lawa aqala ukukhula emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo. Ngenkathi ama-B lymphocyte evuthwa lapho, ama-T lymphocyte aya kwenye indawo ekhethekile, i-thymus gland (etholakala engxenyeni engenhla yesifuba sethu), lapho eqeqeshwa kahle futhi elungele impi.

Ama-lymphocyte e-B - njengezikhulu zobuhlakani bezempi

Cabanga ngama-B Lymphocyte njengezikhulu zobuhlakani ebuthweni lemizimba yethu. Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukuhlonza ngokunembile izitha, okungukuthi, amagciwane, angena emzimbeni bese wazisa abanye ukuthi, "Nansi isitha siza!" Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa lawa maseli e-B yiwo akhiqiza uhlobo olukhethekile 'lwesikhali', esilubiza ngokuthi ama-antibodies . Sizoxoxa ngalokho kafushane.

Ama-T Lymphocyte - Ama-commando aqonda ngqo empini

Manje, obani ama-T lymphocyte ? Bangamasosha angaphambili ebutho lethu, njengama-commando . Ngemva kokuba ama-B cell ememeze athi, "Nasi isitha, yiso lesi!", ama-T cell aya ngqo ukuyobhubhisa lawo maseli ahlaselayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amangqamuzana ethu atheleleke ngamagciwane noma amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Yiwona empeleni alwa.

Uyabona-ke, akunjalo? La maseli e-B namaseli e-T asebenza ndawonye njengeqembu ukuvikela imizimba yethu kahle kangaka!

Isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sisebenza kanjani ngempela? Kuyindlela emangalisayo!

Manje ake sibone ukuthi lolu hlelo lokuzivikela olunamandla lusebenza kanjani. Luyindlela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi emangalisayo.

Ukuhlonza Ama-Antigen - Udinga ukwazi isitha ngqo!

Noma yini engena emzimbeni wethu isuka ngaphandle futhi ingaba yingozi emzimbeni, isibonelo, amagciwane (amagciwane, amagciwane), ubuthi, impova, njll., inezimpawu zokuqashelwa ezikhethekile ebusweni bazo. Kwezokwelapha, lezi zimpawu zibizwa ngokuthi ama-antigen . Lezi zifana nezimpawu ezikuyunifomu yesitha. Isimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela siyakwazi ukubona la ma-antigen. Basheshe baqaphele, "O, lona akayena omunye wethu, lona ngomunye umuntu!"

Indlela yokwenza ama-antibodies nokulwa - ukuhlasela ngezikhali ezikhethekile

Uyawakhumbula lawo ma-B Lymphocyte esikhulume ngawo ngaphambili? Yiwo lawo, uma eqaphela la ma-antigen, athola isignali yokwenza uhlobo olukhethekile lweprotheni. Lawa maprotheni akhethekile yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ama-antibodies . Ngezinye izikhathi abizwa nangokuthi ama-immunoglobulins . Lawa ma-antibodies akhethekile kakhulu. Ukuze afane ne-antigen ngayinye, kukhiqizwa ama-antibodies aqondene naleyo antigen. Ukuze kube sobala, afana nesihluthulelo esikhethekile esifanelana nokukhiya ngakunye. Lapho nje ebona i-antigen efanele, lawa ma-antibodies ayahamba 'akhiye' ngayo, okungukuthi, ayabopha. Uma ebopha kanje, umhlaseli, okungukuthi, igciwane, akakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wawo. Kungaba ukuthi angasebenzi, noma 'aphawulwe' ngendlela amaseli afana nama-phagocyte angawabamba futhi awabhubhise kalula.

Inkumbulo nokuvikeleka kwesikhathi eside - uma isitha esifanayo sibuya futhi...

Nansi enye into emangalisayo ngohlelo lokuzivikela komzimba. Ama-antibodies enziwa ngaphambili avame ukuhlala emizimbeni yethu, noma amaseli B enza lawo ma-antibodies ahlala “njengamaseli enkumbulo.” Lokho kusho ukuthi uma igciwane elifanayo lizama ukungena emizimbeni yethu futhi, uhlelo lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba lukhumbula kahle! “O, lesi isitha esidala!” Liyasiqaphela ngokushesha bese liqala ukwenza lawo ma-antibodies athile ngokushesha nangobuningi obukhulu kunangaphambili. Bese kuthi, ngaphambi kokuba lelo gciwane libe nethuba lokubangela izifo, izivikelo zethu ziyalibhubhisa.

Yingakho uma usuthole isifo esifana ne -chickenpox , ungaphinde usithole kalula. Imizimba yethu isungule ama-antibodies nama-memory cells ngokumelene naso, ngakho-ke uma igciwane le-chickenpox libuya, imizimba yethu ikulungele ukulwa naso. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi i-immunity .

Kalula nje, imijovo yokugomaYilokhu okwenziwa yimijovo. Ngaphambi kokuba lesi sifo sikhule, igciwane elibuthakathaka noma elibulewe (noma ingxenye yalo) linikezwa umzimba, futhi amasosha omzimba ethu afundiswa ukulibona, enze amasosha omzimba alwa nalo, futhi agcine leyo nkumbulo. Khona-ke, uma lelo gciwane lifika ngempela, umzimba wethu uzolwa nalo ngaphandle kokugula.

Okunye okwengeziwe mayelana nesimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela

Uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba luyisimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu nesilinganiselayo. Ngezinye izikhathi lolu hlelo lungaba nokucindezeleka okuncane. Isibonelo:

• Uma singalali kahle
• Uma inani lokudla esikudlayo liphansi
• Uma sihlala sicindezelekile

Lezi zinto zingenza isimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela singabi namandla kangako. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo . Ukulala ngokwanele, ukudla ukudla okunomsoco, ukuzivocavoca, kanye nokujabula kungasiza izivikelo zethu ezimangalisayo zenze umsebenzi wazo. Ngezinye izikhathi, akuvamile kakhulu, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela singahamba kabi. Isibonelo, ngezinye izikhathi siqala ukuhlasela amangqamuzana ethu aphilile (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi izifo ezizimele), noma sisabela ngokweqile ezintweni ezivame ukungabi nangozi (njengempova nothuli) (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukungezwani komzimba). Kodwa lezi azivamile. Esikhathini esiningi, isimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela sisivikela kahle.

Ngamafuphi, izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Manje usuyaqonda ukuthi leli butho elibizwa ngokuthi isimiso sokuzivikela emzimbeni wethu limangalisa, linethalente futhi libaluleke kangakanani.

• Kuyisivikelo semvelo somzimba wethu: yilolu hlelo olusivikela emagciwaneni angabonakali.
• Iqoqo lamaseli akhethekile: Izinhlobo eziningana zamaseli amhlophe egazi (njenge-phagocytes nama -lymphocyte ) zisebenza ndawonye ukwenza lo msebenzi.
• Iqaphela futhi ikhumbule izitha: Iqaphela ama-antigen , yenza ama-antibodies amelene nawo, ikhumbula leyo mpi, futhi ithatha isinyathelo ngokushesha uma leso sitha sibuya futhi.
• Nathi sidinga ukusiza: Nathi singalugcina lolu hlelo luqinile ngendlela yokuphila enempilo.

Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi esizayo uma unesifo somkhuhlane, ungesabi. Khumbula, ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho kuneqembu lamaqhawe amancane anekhono elikhulu alwa impi enkulu ukuze akuvikele! Mabenze umsebenzi wabo, futhi ubasekele ngokuphumula ngokwanele nangokudla ukudla okunempilo.Isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela singesinye sezipho eziyigugu kakhulu zemvelo kithi!

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Isimiso Sokuzivikela Emzimbeni, Amaseli Amhlophe Egazi, Ama-Leukocyte, Ama-Antibodies, Ama-Antigens, Amagciwane, Impilo , Ukuzivikela Komzimba