Cishe uke wakubona kumamuvi, akunjalo? Lapho inhliziyo yomuntu ima ngokuzumayo, odokotela bangena ngokushesha, bafaka ithuluzi elifana nezinduku ezimbili zensimbi esifubeni sakhe, bamemeze bathi 'Sula!' bese bemshaya 'uvalo.' Umuntu ube eseqala ukuthuthumela aqale ukuphefumula futhi. Kuyini ngempela lokho? Kusindisa kanjani impilo? Yilokho ukwelashwa okusindisa impilo, i-defibrillation, yilokho esikhuluma ngakho namuhla.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-defibrillation?
I-Defibrillation inqubo yokunikeza inhliziyo ukushaqeka ngogesi ukuze kubuyiselwe isigqi esijwayelekile, noma i-arrhythmia, uma kwenzeka ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo okuyingozi kakhulu futhi okusongela impilo. Kufana nokuqala kabusha ikhompyutha uma 'ilenga'. Lapho uhlelo lukagesi lwenhliziyo luphazamiseka futhi inhliziyo iqala ukuthuthumela, lokhu kushaqeka ngogesi kuyayekisa ukuphazamiseka okwesikhashana futhi kunikeze inhliziyo ithuba lokuqalisa isigqi sayo esijwayelekile.
Lokhu kwelashwa kuyadingeka ikakhulukazi ezifweni ezimbili eziyingozi:
- I-Ventricular Tachycardia - I-Pulseless: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amakamelo aphansi enhliziyo (ama-ventricles) eshaya ngokushesha okukhulu, kodwa ngokushesha kangangokuthi inhliziyo ayinaso isikhathi sokupompa igazi emzimbeni.
- I-Ventricular Fibrillation: Lena yimbangela evame kakhulu yokuboshwa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo . Yilapho imisipha yenhliziyo iyeka ukushaya kahle bese iqala ukuthuthumela. Ngenxa yalokho, inhliziyo ayipompi igazi.
Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, uma ukwelashwa kwe-defibrillation kunikezwa ngokushesha, amathuba okusindisa impilo yesiguli ayanda.
Ubani odinga lokhu kwelashwa?
Noma ubani onezinkinga zenhliziyo eziyingozi ezishiwo ngenhla angadinga lokhu kwelashwa. Esibhedlela, lokhu kwenziwa yithimba lezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nangaphandle kwesibhedlela, ngisho nomuntu ovamile angathola lokhu kwelashwa okusindisa impilo esebenzisa idivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi i-Automated External Defibrillator (AED), etholakala ezindaweni zomphakathi njengezikhumulo zezindiza kanye nezitolo ezinkulu. Le divayisi ngokwayo inikeza imiyalelo.
Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuthola lesi sigqi senhliziyo esiyingozi. Abantu abanjalo kudingeka baphathe i-defibrillator ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ama-Defibrillator Omuntu Siqu
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalezi:
1. I-Cardioverter Defibrillator Egqokwayo: Lena idivayisi egqokwa ngaphansi kwezingubo, njengevesti. Izinzwa lapha zithinta isikhumba futhi ziqapha njalo isigqi senhliziyo. Uma kutholwa ukungahambi kahle okuyingozi, ukushaqeka kagesi okudingekayo kulethwa ngaleso sikhathi.
2.I-Implatable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD): Lena idivayisi encane efakwa ngokuhlinzwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba sesifuba. Iphinde iqaphe njalo isigqi senhliziyo, futhi uma kwenzeka isimo esiyingozi, ibangela ukushaqeka kagesi ukubuyisela inhliziyo esimweni esijwayelekile. Abantu abaningi badidanisa lokhu ne-pacemaker. I-pacemaker ilawula kuphela izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo. Kodwa i-ICD, ngaphezu kokulawula izinga lokushaya, ingaletha nokushaqeka ukuze imise isigqi esisongela ukuphila.
Ukwelashwa kwe-defibrillation kwenziwa kanjani?
Ake sibheke izinyathelo ezihilelekile esimweni esiphuthumayo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa eYunithi Yokwelapha Eziphuthumayo (i-ETU) yesibhedlela noma eYunithi Yokunakekela Okujulile.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kuze kube yilapho i-defibrillator isilungile, isiguli kumele sinikezwe i-CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) , okungukuthi, ukucindezelwa kwesifuba kanye nokuphefumula okwenziwe.
Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, umuntu ophethe ukushaqeka ngogesi uzomemeza athi “Sula!” bese exwayisa isiguli ukuthi singamthinti isiguli noma umbhede esikuwo. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela ukuthi sishonelwe ugesi.
| Izinyathelo | Kwenzekani? |
|---|---|
| 1. Ukuhlanganisa ama-Pad | Ama-pad amabili anamathelayo axhunywe ku-defibrillator abekwa esifubeni sesiguli ezindaweni ezifanele. Elinye libekwa ngaphansi kwehlombe lesokudla kanti elinye libekwe ngaphansi kwengono yesobunxele. |
| 2. Ukuhlaziywa kwesigqi | Le divayisi ihlaziya isigqi sikagesi senhliziyo bese inquma ukuthi kukhona yini isigqi esiyingozi esidinga ukushaqeka. |
| 3. Ukushaya ngogesi | Udokotela noma umuntu oqeqeshwe, ngemva kokuxwayisa wonke umuntu ukuba ame emuva ("Sula!"), ucindezela inkinobho kudivayisi bese eshaya ngogesi. |
| 4. Ngemva kokwelashwa | Ngemva kokunikezwa kwe-shock, i-CPR iqalwa kabusha ngokushesha imizuzu emibili. Bese kuhlolwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo kanye nesigqi senhliziyo. Uma kudingeka, kunikezwa ama-shock engeziwe kanye nemithi (isib. i-epinephrine, i-amiodarone). |
Kwenzekani ngemva kokwelashwa? Kunjani ukululama?
Ngisho noma ukwelashwa nge-defibrillation kusindisa izimpilo, uhambo oluya ekululameni lungaba lude, luthathe izinyanga, ngisho neminyaka . Ngemva kokumiswa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo kanye nokwelashwa nge-defibrillation, abantu abaningi bangase babe nokukhubazeka okuthile.
- Ukungakhululeki ngokomzimba: Ukuphuka kwezimbambo esifubeni kungenzeka ngesikhathi se-CPR. Ukukhathala okukhulu kanye nobunzima bokuhamba kuvamile.
- Ezinye izinkinga: Abanye abantu bangase babe nezinkinga ngenkumbulo kanye nenkulumo.
- Ukuvuselelwa: Lokhu kudinga ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa ngokomsebenzi, kanye nokwelashwa ngokukhuluma.
Uma ubona umuntu elahlekelwa ingqondo ngokuzumayo futhi ewa, shayela u-1990 ngokushesha bese ushayela i-ambulensi! Okwamanje, uma ukwazi, yenza i-CPR.
Abantu abasinda ku-Ventricular Fibrillation banamathuba amaningi okuphinde babe nayo. Ngakho udokotela wakho uzozama ukuthola imbangela futhi ayelaphe, futhi uzovame ukuncoma ukuthi ufake i-ICD. Uma une-ICD, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho ukuze ahlolwe njalo futhi aphuze imithi yakho njengoba eyalelwe.
Ingabe kukhona izingozi kulokhu?
Ingozi enkulu ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-defibrillation kunikezwa isigqi senhliziyo esingasidingi . Isibonelo, uma lokhu 'kushaqeka' kunikezwa umuntu one-pulse, noma umuntu ongenayo i-Ventricular Fibrillation, kungabangela ukungalingani okuyingozi enhliziyweni enempilo futhi kuholele ekumisweni kwenhliziyo. Yingakho ochwepheshe bezokwelapha abaqeqeshwe kuphela noma amadivayisi e-AED aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile asetshenziswa kule njongo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Defibrillation iyindlela yokwelapha esindisa impilo evuselela inhliziyo ngokuletha ukushaqeka kukagesi uma kwenzeka ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuyingozi.
- Lokhu kufana 'nokuqala kabusha' inhliziyo.
- Uma kwenzeka inhliziyo ibambeke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala i-CPR nokuletha i-defibrillator ngokushesha okukhulu. Isikhathi siwukuphila.
- Uma othile ewa ngokuzumayo, shayela u-1990 ngokushesha.
- Ukululama kulesi simo kuyinqubo ende, futhi iseluleko sezokwelapha, ukwelashwa kokuvuselelwa, kanye nesineke kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Uma unedivayisi ye-ICD efakiwe, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale uxhumana nodokotela wakho futhi uhlolwe njalo.
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