Ake sifunde konke mayelana ne-Diabetes Mellitus kalula nangokunembile!

Isifo sikashukela yisifo esikhulunywa ngaso ngabantu abaningi namuhla, futhi mhlawumbe ngisho nesabisayo engqondweni yakho. Abanye abantu basibiza nangokuthi 'isifo sikashukela'. Siyini ngempela isifo sikashukela? Ake sixoxe ngaso ngokucacile, ngendlela ongayiqonda. Ungesabi, uma ususiqonda kahle, ukusiphatha akuyona into enkulu.

Kalula nje, isifo sikashukela yisimo lapho amazinga kashukela egazini lakho (noma i-glucose ) ehlala ephezulu. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba i-pancreas yakho ayikhiqizi i-hormone insulin eyanele, noma ngoba amangqamuzana omzimba wakho awasabeli kahle ku-insulin eyenzayo. Singakhula nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Izinhlobo eziningi zesifo sikashukela zingokuphila konke (ezingapheli), kodwa zonke izinhlobo zingalawulwa ngemithi kanye nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila.

Imizimba yethu ithola iningi le-glucose noma ushukela ekudleni esikudlayo, ikakhulukazi ukudla okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate (njengelayisi, isinkwa, namaswidi). Le glucose inguphethiloli oyinhloko onikeza amandla kumaseli emizimba yethu. Kufana nophethiloli wemoto. Ngakho-ke, le glucose idinga ukungena emaseli avela egazini ukuze yenze amandla. Cabanga nge-glucose njengomuntu ozama ukungena endlini, futhi badinga ukhiye ukuze bangene kuleyo ndlu. Leso sikhiye yi-insulin. Le hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-insulin yenziwa yisitho sethu esibizwa ngokuthi i-pancreas.

Manje, uma i-pancreas yakho ingakhiqizi ngokwanele lesi sihluthulelo se-insulin, noma uma sikwenza, kodwa amangqamuzana omzimba wakho engawuvuli kahle umnyango (okungukuthi, angaphenduli kahle ku-insulin), lowo glucose awukwazi ukungena emangqamuzaneni. Khona-ke wonke lowo glucose uyanqwabelana egazini, futhi izinga likashukela egazini liyakhuphuka. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi ushukela ophezulu egazini (i-hyperglycemia) .

Uma amazinga kashukela egazini ehlala ephezulu isikhathi eside, kungavela izinkinga eziningi zempilo, njengesifo senhliziyo, ukulimala kwemizwa, kanye nezinkinga zamehlo.

Igama lezokwelapha lesifo sikashukela yi -Diabetes Mellitus . Kukhona esinye isifo esinegama elithi 'isifo sikashukela' kuso, esibizwa ngokuthi i-Diabetes Insipidus . Kodwa sihluke kakhulu kusifo sikashukela esikhuluma ngaso. Igama elithi 'isifo sikashukela' linikezwe bobabili ngoba bobabili babangela ukoma ngokweqile kanye nokuchama njalo. Kodwa-ke, i-Diabetes Insipidus ayivamile.

Izinhlobo Ezivamile Zesifo Sikashukela

Kulungile, manje ake sibheke izinhlobo eziyinhloko zesifo sikashukela. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngala magama.

Isifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 2

Lolu uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela oluvame kakhulu. Luvela lapho umzimba wakho ungakhiqizi i-insulin eyanele, noma amaseli omzimba wakho engaphenduli kahle ku-insulin. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukumelana ne-insulin.Ake sithi unesihluthulelo, kodwa isihluthulelo somnyango sigqwalile futhi asisebenzi kahle. Lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu kubantu abadala, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka nasezinganeni ezincane.

I-Prediabetes

Empeleni lesi yisigaba ngaphambi kokukhula kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili. Amazinga kashukela egazini lakho aphezulu kunokuvamile, kodwa awaphezulu ngokwanele ukuthi utholakale unesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili. Kufana nokukhanya okuphuzi, uphawu lwesixwayiso . Uma uphatha kahle kulesi sigaba, ungavimbela noma ubambezele ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili.

Isifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 1

Lesi yisifo esibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba . Okusho ukuthi, amasosha omzimba wakho, ngesizathu esingaziwa, ahlasela futhi abhubhise amaseli akhiqiza i-insulin kuma-pancreas akho. Kufana nebutho lethu elihlasela ikamu lethu. Cishe abantu abayi-10% abanesifo sikashukela banalolu hlobo. Luvame ukutholakala ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abasebasha, kodwa lungakhula nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Isifo Sikashukela Sokukhulelwa

Lolu uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esikhula kwabanye besifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Sivame ukuphela ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana. Kodwa-ke, uma uba nesifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, usengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili kamuva ekuphileni.

Ezinye Izinhlobo Zesifo Sikashukela

Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo eziyinhloko, kunezinye izinhlobo eziningana zesifo sikashukela. Ziyivelakancane, kodwa kuhle ukuzazi.

• Isifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 3: Lokhu kwenzeka uma kukhona umonakalo (hhayi umonakalo wokuzivikela komzimba) ku-pancreas yakho, okuthinta ikhono layo lokwenza i-insulin. Isibonelo, izifo ezifana ne-pancreatitis, umdlavuza we-pancreas, i-cystic fibrosis, kanye ne-hemochromatosis kungabangela lesi simo. Lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela lungavela futhi uma i-pancreas isuswa ngokuhlinzwa (i-pancreatectomy).
• Isifo Sikashukela Esizimele Esizimele Kwabantu Abadala (i-LADA): Lokhu kubangelwa nokusabela kwe-autoimmune, njengesifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 1, kodwa sikhula kubantu abadala kakhulu kunohlobo 1. Abantu abatholakala bene-LADA bavame ukuba ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30.
• Isifo Sikashukela Sokukhula Kwabancane (MODY): Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi isifo sikashukela se-monogenic . Sibangelwa ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okudluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Lokhu kuguquka kuthinta indlela umzimba wakho okhiqiza futhi osebenzisa ngayo i-insulin. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-10 ze-MODY. Cishe abantu abangu-5% abanesifo sikashukela bangaba nalolu hlobo, futhi luvame ukwenzeka emindenini.
• Isifo Sikashukela Sezinsana Ezisanda Kuzalwa:Lolu uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela olungavamile kakhulu oluvela ezinganeni ezincane ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala zokuphila. Lolu futhi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esibangelwa yi-monogenic.
• Isifo Sikashukela Esibuhlungu: Lolu uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Lubonakala ngezigameko ezivame kakhulu nezinzima zoshukela ophezulu egazini kanye noshukela ophansi egazini.

Isifo Sikashukela Sivame Kangakanani?

Isifo sikashukela empeleni siyisifo esivame kakhulu kunalokho ongakucabanga. Izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke ziphila nesifo sikashukela. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili yisona esivame kakhulu. Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi inani labantu abanesifo sikashukela liyakhula nasezweni lethu. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sikashukela? (Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sikashukela?)

Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu, futhi zingahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela. Kodwa kunezinye izimpawu ezivamile ongase ube nazo. Uma unanoma yiziphi zalezi, kungcono ukubona udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko.

Izimpawu ezivamile:

• Ukoma ngokweqile njalo (i-polydipsia) kanye nomlomo owomile.
• Ukudinga njalo ukuchama (ikakhulukazi ebusuku)
• Ukukhathala ngokweqile kanye nokukhathala naphezu kokulala kahle.
• Umbono ofiphele.
• Ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki (ikakhulukazi ku-diabetes yohlobo 1)
• Ukuba ndikindiki noma ukuqaqamba kwamalungu.
• Amanxeba athatha isikhathi ukuphola.
• Ukutheleleka kwemvubelo okuvamile kwesikhumba kanye/noma isitho sangasese sowesifazane.

Okubalulekile: Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninalezi zimpawu, qiniseka ukuthi nibonana nodokotela.

Manje ake sibone ukuthi izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kanjani kuye ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela:

Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1:

Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 zingavela ngokushesha kakhulu, emavikini ambalwa noma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu zingaqala ngezibonakaliso zenkinga eyingozi ebizwa ngokuthi i-Diabetes-related Ketoacidosis (DKA) . I-DKA yisimo esisongela impilo esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Izimpawu ze-DKA zifaka phakathi ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu, iphunga elimnandi lokuphefumula, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula.

Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kanye ne-prediabetes:

Kulezi zinhlobo, ungase ungabi nazimpawu nhlobo. Noma ungase ungaziboni ngoba izimpawu zivela kancane kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula kungaveza amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini. Esinye isibonakaliso se-prediabetes ukuba mnyama kwesikhumba kwezinye izindawo zomzimba wakho (njengentamo yakho nasemakhwapheni). Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-acanthosis nigricans .

Izimpawu Zesifo Sikashukela Sokukhulelwa:

Ungase ungaziboni izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Udokotela wakho uzokuhlolela sona phakathi kwamasonto angama-24 nama-28 okukhulelwa.

Yini Ebangela Isifo Sikashukela?

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlobo luni lwesifo sikashukela, isifo sikashukela senzeka lapho amazinga kashukela egazini lakho ephezulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, imbangela yaleli zinga likashukela egazini eliphezulu iyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela.

Nazi izizathu eziyinhloko:

• Ukumelana ne-insulin: Lena imbangela eyinhloko yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Kungabangelwa ukukhuluphala, ukuntuleka kokuvivinya umzimba, ukudla okungekuhle, ukungalingani kwama-hormone, ithonya lezakhi zofuzo, kanye neminye imithi.
• Isifo Sokuzivikela Emzimbeni: Isifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 1 kanye ne-LADA kwenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba wakho ehlasela amangqamuzana akhiqiza i-insulin kuma-pancreas akho.
• Ukungalingani Kwama-Hormonal: Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ama-hormone akhishwa yi-placenta angabangela ukumelana ne-insulin. Futhi, ezinye izifo ezihlobene nama-hormone njenge -acromegaly kanye ne-Cushing's syndrome zingabangela isifo sikashukela.
• Umonakalo We-Pancreatic: Umonakalo ongokwenyama we-pancreas ungathinta ikhono layo lokukhiqiza i-insulin, okuholela ku-Type 3c Diabetes.
• Ukuguqulwa Kwezakhi Zofuzo: Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezithile kungabangela isifo sikashukela se-MODY kanye nesokuzalwa kwengane.

Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi ethile (isib. imithi ye-HIV/AIDS, ama-corticosteroids) nakho kungabangela isifo sikashukela.

Ziyini izinkinga zesifo sikashukela? (Ziyini izinkinga zesifo sikashukela?)

Uma isifo sikashukela singalawulwa kahle, kungavela izinkinga eziningana ezibukhali nezihlala isikhathi eside.

Izinkinga ezibukhali zesifo sikashukela:

Lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni futhi kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo:

• Isimo se-Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic (HHS): Amazinga kashukela egazini aba phezulu kakhulu, okubangela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni okukhulu kanye nokudideka.
• I-Ketoacidosis ehlobene nesifo sikashukela (i-DKA): Uma umzimba ungenayo i-insulin, amafutha ayashiswa ukuze kwakheke ama-ketone, okwenza igazi libe ne-asidi.
• I-hypoglycemia enzima: Izinga likashukela egazini eliphansi kakhulu. Livamile kubantu abathatha i-insulin. Ukwelashwa kwe-glucagon ngokushesha kungadingeka.

Izinkinga zesikhathi eside zesifo sikashukela:

Uma amazinga kashukela egazini ehlala ephezulu isikhathi eside, imithambo yegazi kanye nemizwa kuyalimala.

• Izinkinga zesistimu yenhliziyo: Isifo semithambo yegazi, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, unhlangothi, i-atherosclerosis.
• Ukulimala kwemizwa (i-Neuropathy): ukungazweli, ubuhlungu.
• I-Nephropathy: Ukwehluleka kwezinso.
• Isifo samehlo (i-Retinopathy): ubumpumputhe.
• Izinkinga zezinyawo ezihlobene nesifo sikashukela, izifo zesikhumba, kanye nokunqunywa kwezitho zomzimba.
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kocansi, i-gastroparesis, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, izinkinga zempilo yomlomo (isb., isifo se-periodontal).

Ukuphila nesifo sikashukela kungathinta nempilo yakho yengqondo. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela banamathuba amaningi okuthola ukucindezeleka .

Sihlolwa Kanjani Isifo Sikashukela?

Odokotela baxilonga isifo sikashukela ngokuhlola amazinga akho kashukela ngesampula yegazi. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokuhlolwa okuyinhloko:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-glucose yegazi lokuzila ukudla: Ukuhlolwa okwenziwa ngemva kokuzila ukudla amahora angu-8.
• Ukuhlolwa Kweglucose Egazini Okungahleliwe: Kungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-A1c (ukuhlolwa kwe-HbA1c): Kubonisa amazinga kashukela egazini ajwayelekile ezinyangeni ezi-2-3 ezedlule.

Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela ushukela ngomlomo kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa.

Isifo Sikashukela Siphathwa Kanjani?

Kunezindawo ezine eziyinhloko zokuphathwa kwesifo sikashukela:

• Ukuqapha Ushukela Egazini: Lokhu kungenziwa nge-glucometer noma i-continuous glucose monitor (CGM).
• Imithi Yesifo Sikashukela Somlomo: Imithi efana neMetformin, evame ukunqunyelwa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kanye nesandulela sikashukela.
• I-insulin: Ibalulekile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Ezinye iziguli zohlobo 2 nazo ziyayidinga. Ingathathwa njengesirinji, ipeni, iphampu, noma i-insulin ephefumulwayo.
• Ukudla: Ukudla okunempiloFuthi ukubala ama-carbohydrate kubalulekile.
• Ukuzivocavoca: Ukuzivocavoca njalo kwandisa ukuzwela kwe-insulin.

Futhi, ukugcina isisindo esinempilo, umfutho wegazi kanye namazinga e-cholesterol kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukubikezela Isifo Sikashukela

Ikusasa lesifo sikashukela lincike ohlotsheni lwesifo, indlela esiphathwa ngayo, ubudala bokuxilongwa kwaso, ezinye izifo, kanye nezinkinga.

Kodwa, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungaphila impilo enempilo unesifo sikashukela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izinguquko zendlela yokuphila, ukuzivocavoca njalo, ukulawula ukudla, kanye nokuhlolwa ushukela egazini njalo kubalulekile.

Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukugcina amazinga e-A1c ngaphansi kuka-7% kunganciphisa ingozi yezinkinga.

Ngingakuvimbela Kanjani Isifo Sikashukela?

Izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela ezizimele kanye nezofuzo azinakuvinjelwa. Kodwa-ke, unganciphisa ingozi yakho yokuba nesifo sikashukela sangaphambi kwesikhathi, isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kanye nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa ngokwenza okulandelayo:

• Yidla ukudla okunempilo (isib. ukudla kwaseMedithera ).
• Yiba nomzimba osebenzayo (okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto).
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo.
• Lawula ukucindezeleka.
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala.
• Lala ngokwanele.
• Yeka ukubhema.

Kufanele Ngimbone Nini Umhlinzeki Wami Wezempilo?

Uma ungakatholakali unesifo sikashukela, bona udokotela ngokushesha uma unezimpawu zesifo sikashukela (isib. ukoma ngokweqile, ukuchama njalo).

Uma unesifo sikashukela, bonana nodokotela okusiza ukuphatha isifo sakho sikashukela (isib., udokotela wezifo zengqondo) njalo.

Okokugcina, khumbula lokhu (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukutholwa unesifo sikashukela kuyisenzakalo esishintsha impilo. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuphila impilo ejabulisayo nenempilo. Ukuphatha isifo sikashukela kudinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo nokunakwa. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kungaphezu kwamandla ekuqaleni, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uzothola ukuqonda okungcono kokuthi ungasiphatha kanjani lesi simo futhi uqale ukuzizwa ungcono ngomzimba wakho.

Qiniseka ukuthi ubona odokotela bakho njalo. Ukuphatha isifo sikashukela kuwumzamo weqembu. Uzodinga ukwesekwa kochwepheshe bezokwelapha, abangani nomndeni. Ungesabi ukucela usizo kubo uma uludinga. Khumbula, awuwedwa!

Isifo sikashukela, isifo sikashukela, i-insulin, ushukela egazini, izimpawu zesifo sikashukela, ukuphathwa kwesifo sikashukela, izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela