Uma udokotela ekutshela ukuthi ingane yakho ine-Down Syndrome, ungase uzizwe ukwesaba okukhulu nokushaqeka. Lokho kuyinto evamile kakhulu. Imibuzo efana nokuthi "Ngenzenjani manje?" kanye nokuthi "Lizoba njani ikusasa lengane yami?" cishe igijima engqondweni yakho. Ungakhathazeki. Sizoxoxa ngakho konke ngendlela elula kakhulu ongayiqonda. Ngesikhathi uqeda ukufunda lesi sihloko, uzobe usuqonda kangcono lesi simo.

Kalula nje, iyini i-Down syndrome?

Kulungile, ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake siqale ngento eyisisekelo emzimbeni wethu. Umzimba wethu wakhiwe izigidi zamaseli amancane. Ngaphakathi kwalawa maseli kukhona isethi "yemiyalelo" equkethe lonke ulwazi mayelana nendlela umzimba wethu okufanele usebenze ngayo, ukubukeka kwethu, ukuphakama kwethu, nombala wamehlo ethu. Kwezokwelapha, lezi zincwadi zemiyalelo sizibiza ngokuthi ama-chromosome .

Ngokuvamile, iseli ngalinye kumuntu ophilile linama-chromosome angu-23, okwenza kube nama-chromosome angu-46 . Okwenzekayo enganeni ene-Down syndrome ukuthi kukhona ikhophi eyengeziwe ye-chromosome 21. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amangqamuzana engane anama -chromosome angu-47 esikhundleni sama-46.

Ingabe sikhona isizathu esithile salesi simo? Ubani osengozini enkulu?

Lona umbuzo abazali abaningi abawubuzayo. "Ingabe leli yiphutha lethu?" bayazibuza. Cha. I-Down syndrome ayisona isimo esibangelwa yinoma yini abazali abayenzile ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kwenzeka cishe ngezikhathi ezithile. Okusho ukuthi, kwenzeka ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli okwenzeka lapho isidoda neqanda kuhlangana ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ingozi yokuba nomntwana one-Down syndrome iyanda kancane njengoba iminyaka kamama ikhula . Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-35. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi lesi simo asenzeki komama abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-35. Eqinisweni, ngenxa yokuthi abesifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-35 bazala izingane eziningi, iningi lezingane ezine-Down syndrome lizalelwa omama abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-35.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile zengane ene-Down syndrome?

Izingane ezine-Down syndrome zinezimpawu ezithile ezifanayo zomzimba, ingqondo, kanye nokuziphatha. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke lezi zici ezikhona kuzo zonke izingane.Kumelwe futhi sikhumbule ukuthi uhlobo lwalezo zici lungahluka kuye ngengane.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zimpawu, kungase kuvele ezinye izinkinga zempilo njengoba ingane ikhula. Isibonelo, izifo zendlebe, izinkinga zokubona, izinkinga zamazinyo, i-obstructive sleep apnea, kanye nezinye izingane zingase zibe nesifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso . Ngakho-ke, udokotela uzozihlola njalo lezi zingane.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-Down syndrome.

I-Down syndrome ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko, kuye ngokuthi leyo chromosome eyengeziwe engu-21 itholakala kanjani emaseli.

1. I-Trisomy 21: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu . Luthinta abantu abangu-95% abane-Down syndrome. Lolu hlobo lubonakala ngokuba khona kwamakhophi amathathu e-chromosome 21 kuwo wonke amaseli omzimba, esikhundleni samabili.

2. I-Translocation Down Syndrome: Lokhu kuyinto engavamile. Cishe u-4% weziguli ze-Down syndrome bangabalolu hlobo. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi yonke noma ingxenye ye-chromosome eyengeziwe engu-21 ithuthela kwenye i-chromosome bese izinamathisela.

3. I-Mosaic Down Syndrome: Lolu uhlobo olungavamile kakhulu (ngaphansi kuka-1%). Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi i-chromosome eyengeziwe engu-21st ikhona kuphela kwamanye amaseli omzimba. Amanye amaseli ngokuvamile anama-chromosome angu-46. Ngenxa yalokhu, izimpawu zalezi zingane zingase zibe ngaphansi kancane kunokujwayelekile.

Ungasibona kanjani lesi simo?

I-Down syndrome ingatholakala ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuzalwa.

Ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe (ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa)

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlolwa ezenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

• Ukuhlolwa Kokuhlola: Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuthola ingozi yokuba ingane ibe ne-Down syndrome. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvela kumama kanye ne-ultrasound scan. Ukuhlolwa kulinganisa izinto ezifana nenani loketshezi ngemuva kwentamo yengane. Uma lokhu kuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi kukhona ingozi, uzothunyelwa ukuze uhlolwe okwengeziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe.
• Ukuhlolwa Kokuxilonga: Lokhu kunembile ngokuphelele ekunqumeni ukuthi ingane ine-Down syndrome. Ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko kwalokhu yi -Amniocentesis kanye ne -Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) . Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane yoketshezi lwe-amniotic noma i-placenta ezungeze ingane kanye nokuhlola ama-chromosome.

Ngemva kokuzalwa kwengane

Lapho nje umntwana ezelwe, odokotela bazohlola ukubukeka komzimba wengane. Bazobheka izici ezivamile esixoxe ngazo ngaphambili. Uma kusolwa ukuthi une-Down syndrome, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubizwa ngokuthi i-karyotype ukuqinisekisa lokho. Isampula encane yegazi ethathwe enganeni ingahlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ikhona yini ikhophi eyengeziwe ye-chromosome 21.

Ukwelashwa nokusekelwa - ungayisiza kanjani ingane?

I-Down syndrome ayisona isimo esingelapheki ngokuphelele. Yisimo esihlala impilo yonke. Kodwa-ke, ngokwelashwa okufanele, ukwelashwa, kanye nokusekelwa ngothando, ingane ingasizwa ukuba iphile impilo ejabulisayo nenempilo ngokugcwele ngangokunokwenzeka.

Izinketho zokwelapha zifaka:

• Ukwelashwa Komzimba: Kusiza ukuqinisa imisipha nokuthuthukisa amakhono okunyakaza njengokuhamba nokubhukuda.
• Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi: Kuthuthukisa amakhono adingekayo ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi yansuku zonke kalula, njengokuzigqokisa, ukudla, nokubamba ipeni.
• Ukwelashwa Ngenkulumo: Kukusiza ukuthi ukhulume ngokucacile, uqonde lokho abanye abakushoyo, futhi uveze imizwa yakho.
• Izinhlelo zemfundo ekhethekile: Imisebenzi yokufundisa iqhutshwa esikoleni ngendlela evumelana nekhono lokufunda lengane.
• Ukwelashwa kwezinye izinkinga zempilo: Uma kukhona noma yiziphi izimo ezifana nesifo senhliziyo noma izinkinga ze-thyroid, nikeza ukwelashwa okudingekayo.

Amaphuzu akhethekile okufanele anakekelwe mayelana nempilo yengane

Izingane ezine-Down syndrome zisengozini enkulu yezinkinga ezithile zempilo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.

• Isifo senhliziyo: Izingane eziningi zingaba nesifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso. Ezinye zazo zidinga ukuhlinzwa.
• Izinkinga ze-thyroid: Amazinga e-hormone ye-thyroid angaba phansi noma aphezulu.
• Izinkinga zesistimu yokugaya ukudla: Izimo ezifana nokuqunjelwa kanye ne-gastritis zivame kakhulu.
• Isifo sika-Alzheimer: Abantu abane-Down syndrome basengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo sika-Alzheimer, isifo esibangela ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, njengoba bekhula. Kutholakale ukuthi i-gene eku-chromosome 21 ihilelekile kulokhu.

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha njalo mayelana nokukhula kwengane kanye nempilo yayo.

Ukusekelwa okutholayo njengabazali

Ungalwi wedwa nemizwa oyizwayo lapho uthola ukuthi ingane yakho ine-Down syndrome. Awuwedwa.

• Odokotela nabelaphi: Xhumana nethimba lezempilo lengane yakho. Buza imibuzo.
• Ukwelulekwa: Ungafuna ukwelulekwa ukuze ukhulume ngokwesaba kwakho nokukhathazeka kwakho.
• Amaqembu Okusekela: Joyina abanye abazali bezingane ezine-Down syndrome. Ungafunda okuningi kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo. Kuyisikhuthazo esikhulu futhi ukwazi ukuthi awuwedwa odlula kulolu hambo.

Ukunakekela ingane ene-Down syndrome kungaba yinselele. Kodwa futhi kuyinto eshintsha impilo futhi enothando. Laba bantwana banothando kakhulu futhi bafuna ukujabula. Ngokusekelwa okufanele, nabo bangaya esikoleni, benze abangane, bathole umsebenzi, futhi baphile impilo ephumelelayo.