Wake wazizwa ngale ndlela? Unembono ocacile walokho ofuna ukukusho ekhanda lakho, kodwa uma uzama ukukusho, kuvela ngendlela engaqondakali, engenangqondo, noma enzima kwabanye ukuyiqonda. Kungaba yinto engakhululekile ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, akunjalo? Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyinto evamile. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yisimo esijulile, esihlobene nezokwelapha. Yilokho esizokhuluma ngakho namuhla.
Kalula nje, iyini i-dysarthria?
I-Dysarthria yisimo lapho singakwazi ukulawula imisipha esisiza ukukhuluma ngenxa yomonakalo ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa. Cabanga ngale ndlela: umlomo wethu, ulimi, izindebe, umhlathi, kanye nebhokisi lezwi konke kuyizitho ezisebenzisana ukukhiqiza amagama. Lokhu kufana ne-orchestra. Njengoba nje insimbi eyodwa ingasebenzi kahle, wonke umculo uzophazamiseka, uma noma yimuphi wale misipha uba buthakathaka, inkulumo yethu ngeke iphume kahle.
Into ebalulekile okufanele uyiqonde lapha ukuthi umuntu one-dysarthria uyaluqonda ulimi. Uyazi nokuthi kuthiwani. Inkinga ayikho ebuchosheni, kodwa iwubuthakathaka bemisipha okufanele yamukele futhi icubungule umyalezo ovela ebuchosheni.
Lesi simo singenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:
1. I-Developmental Dysarthria: Lokhu kubangelwa ukulimala kobuchopho, kungaba sesibelethweni noma ekuzalweni. Isibonelo, lesi simo singabonakala ezinganeni ezine-Cerebral Palsy.
2. I-Acquired Dysarthria: Lokhu kubangelwa ukulimala kobuchopho kamuva ekuphileni. Isibonelo, kungenzeka ezimweni ezifana nesifo sohlangothi, isimila sobuchopho, noma isifo sikaParkinson. Lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu kubantu abadala.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-dysarthria?
I-Dysarthria ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziyisithupha kuye ngokuthi umonakalo wenzeka kuphi ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa. Lokhu kungokwezokwelapha kancane, kodwa uma ukukuqonda kalula, ungakuqonda kahle lokhu.
| Uhlobo lwe-dysarthria | Incazelo elula kanye nohlobo lwendaba |
|---|---|
| I-Flaccid Dysarthria | Kulokhu, imisipha ibuthakathaka kakhulu futhi ikhululekile, okungabangela ukuthi inkulumo izwakale ingacacile noma ingazwakali kahle. |
| I-Spastic Dysarthria | Lapha, imisipha iba lukhuni futhi iqine, okwenza kubonakale sengathi amagama aphuma ngobunzima, ecindezelekile, futhi elukhuni lapho ekhuluma. |
| I-Ataxic Dysarthria | Kubangelwa ukulimala kwe-cerebellum, ingxenye yobuchopho eqondisa ukunyakaza kwethu. Kungabangela inkulumo engacacile kanye nobunzima bokwenza onkamisa, njengokungathi umuntu udakiwe. |
| Uhlobo oluhamba kancane (i-Hypokinetic Dysarthria) | Kubangelwa ukulimala kwe-basal ganglia, ingxenye yobuchopho. Inkulumo ingaba kancane kakhulu, ithoni eyodwa, i-robotic, futhi ingabi nemizwelo. Kuvamile phakathi kweziguli ze-Parkinson. |
| I-Hyperkinetic Dysarthria | Lokhu kubangelwa futhi ukulimala kwe-basal ganglia. Kulesi simo, inkulumo ingase isheshe kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ibe phezulu ngokuzumayo, futhi amagama angase aphume ngokungalawuleki. |
| I-Dysarthria Exubile | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Lungaba inhlanganisela yezinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu kwezingenhla. |
Yiziphi izimpawu eziyinhloko?
Uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-dysarthria ukungakwazi ukukhuluma ngokucacile ngokwanele ukuze abanye baqonde. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba awukwazi ukuhambisa izindebe zakho, ulimi, kanye nomhlathi wakho kahle.
| Izimpawu ezivamile | |
|---|---|
| Ukunamathela kwamagama | Uma kukhulunywa, amagama ayaphambana futhi azwakale sengathi ayakhuluma. |
| Ijubane lendaba | Ukukhuluma ngokushesha okungakholeki noma kancane kakhulu. |
| Umsindo wezwi | Ukukhuluma kancane kakhulu (njengokungathi uyahleba) noma ngokuzwakalayo ngokungadingekile. |
| Uhlobo lwezwi | Izwi liyaba nomsindo, libe lukhuni, lizwakale sengathi likhuluma ngekhala, noma likhuluma ngezwi elifanayo, njengerobhothi. |
| Isitayela sokukhuluma | Ukukhuluma ngemisho ephukile, eqeda esikhundleni semisho egcwele. |
Lobu buthakathaka ekulawuleni imisipha ngezinye izikhathi bungenza kube nzima ukugwinya ukudla. Lesi simo sisibiza ngokuthi i-dysphagia.
Ziyini izimbangela ze-dysarthria?
Kungabangelwa yinoma yini elimaza izingxenye zesimiso sezinzwa ezilawula imisipha ekusiza ukuthi ukhulume. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izingozi, izifo, kanye nezimo zemisipha.
Nazi ezinye zezizathu eziyinhloko:
- I-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
- Izimila zobuchopho
- Ukukhubazeka kobuchopho
- Isifo sokulahlekelwa yingqondo
- Isifo sikaHuntington
- Isifo seLyme
- I-Multiple sclerosis (MS)
- Ukuwohloka kwemisipha
- I-Myasthenia gravis
- Isifo sikaParkinson
- Isifo sohlangothi
- Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu
- Ukulimala ebusweni, emlonyeni, ekhanda, noma entanyeni
Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imithi inemiphumela emibi.Izimpawu ezifana ne-dysarthria nazo zingabangelwa okwesikhashana yimithi, ikakhulukazi imithi yokudambisa ubuhlungu kanye neminye imithi yokulwa nesifo sokuwa.
Kwenziwa kanjani ukuxilongwa?
Uma unenkinga yokukhuluma, kufanele uqale ubonane nodokotela wakho. Uzobuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha bese ekwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba.
Ngemva kwalokho, cishe uzothunyelwa ku -Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) . Uzokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuhlola ubucayi besimo sakho.
Ukuhlolwa okulula okungenziwa ngumelaphi
- Ungitshela ukuthi ngihleke.
- Ungitshela ukuthi ngikhiphe ulimi lwami.
- Bakucela ukuthi ubale ngokuzwakalayo kusukela kweyodwa kuya kweyishumi noma usho izinhlamvu zamagama.
- Kuthi funda isigaba.
- Utshela ukuphinda imisindo ehlukene, amagama, kanye nemisho.
Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okungadingeka
Udokotela wakho angase ancome ezinye izivivinyo eziningana ukuze athole imbangela eyinhloko yalesi simo.
- I-MRI noma i-CT scan: Hlola noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka ebuchosheni, ekhanda, noma entanyeni.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-EEG (i-Electroencephalogram): Kuhlola noma yiziphi izinguquko emsebenzini kagesi wobuchopho.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-EMG (i-Electromyography): Kukala umsebenzi kagesi wemisipha nezinzwa.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma komchamo: Thola ukuthi ngabe ukutheleleka noma isimo sokuvuvukala kuyimbangela.
Izindlela zokwelapha kanye nokuphathwa kwazo
Ukwelapha ngenkulumo kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokwelapha abantu abane-dysarthria. Kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okuxhumana. Udokotela uzokufundisa wena nomndeni wakho indlela yokuxhumana kangcono nawe.
Ekwelashweni kwenkulumo, uzofunda izinto ezinjengalezi:
- Ukuzivocavoca okuqinisa imisipha yolimi lwakho, izindebe, kanye nomhlathi.
- Izindlela zokukusiza ukuthi ukhulume kakhulu (isib., ukuphefumula kakhulu ngaphambi kokukhuluma).
- Amasu okukusiza ukuthi ukhulume ngokucacile (isib., ukunciphisa ijubane lokukhuluma kwakho, ukusebenzisa imisipha ehilelekile ekuphimiseleni amagama ngamabomu).
- Uma kudingeka, izindlela zokuxhumana ezingezona ezezwi (isib., ukushukuma komzimba, ukubhala).
Uma isimo sibi kakhulu, amadivayisi okusiza angasetshenziswa ukuxhumana. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ibhodi elinezinhlamvu noma izithombe, noma ikhompyutha ekhethekile.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi ukuthi lesi simo singalapheka ngokuphelele yini kuncike embangela eyinhloko. Uma kungumphumela omubi womuthi, lesi simo sivame ukuphela uma umuthi umisiwe. Kodwa-ke, uma sibangelwa yisimo esingamahlalakhona njengesifo sohlangothi noma isifo sezinzwa, singase singalapheki ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, amakhono okuxhumana angathuthukiswa ngokwelashwa kokukhuluma.Kungathuthukiswa kakhulu.
Ungazisiza kanjani wena kanye nabathandekayo bakho?
Ukuphila nalesi simo kungaba yinselele, kodwa izinto ezincane zingenza umehluko omkhulu.
Iseluleko kulabo abane-dysarthria
- Bhala isihloko kuqala: Uma uqala ingxoxo, bhala isihloko ozokhuluma ngaso kuqala. Isibonelo, qala ngokuthi "ifilimu" ngaphambi kokukhuluma ngefilimu ofuna ukuyibuka.
- Khuluma kancane nangokucacile: Khuluma kancane, uphimisele kahle amagama. Ukusebenzisa imisho emifushane nokuma phakathi kwenza kube lula ukuthi umlaleli aqonde.
- Gwema ukukhuluma uma ukhathele: Kungaba nzima kakhulu ukukhuluma uma uzizwa ukhathele.
- Hlola ukuthi umlaleli uyaqonda yini: Endleleni, buza into efana nokuthi, "Uyaqonda?" ukuqinisekisa.
- Sebenzisa ezinye izindlela: Uma ukhathele ukukhuluma, veza imicabango yakho ngokubhala, ukudweba, noma ukwenza ngezandla.
Iseluleko kubathandekayo bakho
- Nciphisa iziphazamiso: Nciphisa amazinga omsindo, njenge-TV nomsakazo, ngenkathi ukhuluma.
- Nakisisa: Bheka umuntu okhulumayo bese ulalela ngokucophelela.
- Buza imibuzo ka-yebo/cha: Buza imibuzo engaphendulwa ngo-"yebo" noma "cha" ukuze kube lula ukuxhumana.
- Uma ungaqondi, sho njalo: Uma ungaqondi, sho ngokwethembeka.
- Phinda uxoxe ngengxenye oyiqondile: khona-ke ngeke kudingeke ukuthi akutshele konke kusukela ekuqaleni.
Isikhathi sokuthola iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha
Uma uqala ukuba nobunzima bokukhuluma, bona udokotela wakho. Kodwa-ke, uma uba nezimpawu ezifana nokuminyana, ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, noma i-pneumonia, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Ufuna ukuya nini e-ETU?
Ezinye izimo ezibangela i-dysarthria, njenge -stroke, zidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo. Uma othile ekhombisa izimpawu ze-stroke, myise e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Ukuwa noma ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lobuso.
- Ukungakwazi ukuphakamisa izandla zombili ngokulinganayo.
- Ukudideka nokukhungatheka.
- Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi emzimbeni.
- Ukunamathelana kwamagama.
I-Dysarthria nezinye izimo ezifanayo
Kunezinye izimo eziningana ezingabangela ubunzima bokukhuluma. Kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwalezi.
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Uyini umehluko? |
|---|---|
| I-Dysarthria | Inkinga ubuthakathaka noma ukungakwazi ukulawula imisipha edingekayo ukuze umuntu akhulume. |
| I-Aphasia | Lena inkinga yolimi . Kunzima ukuqonda lokho abanye abakushoyo noma ukuveza imicabango yakho ngamazwi. Akuyona inkinga yemisipha. |
| Ukulinganiselwa Kwenkulumo | Imisipha inamandla lapha, kodwa kunenkinga ngobuchopho obuthumela umlayezo ofanele emisipheni ukuze kwenze ukunyakaza okudingekayo ukuze kukhulunywe. |
Uma i-dysarthria ikwenza kube nzima ngawe ukukhuluma nokwenza uqondeke, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngayo. Ukwelashwa ngenkulumo kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni amakhono akho okuxhumana ngenkathi welapha imbangela eyinhloko. Khumbula, noma ngabe imisipha yakho ibuthakathaka, kunezindlela eziningi zokukusiza ukuthi ugcine ubudlelwano obuqinile nabathandekayo bakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Dysarthria akuyona inkinga yokuhlakanipha noma ikhono lolimi. Kuyinkinga yomzimba yokulawula imisipha edingekayo ukuze umuntu akhulume.
- Lokhu kungabangelwa yizimo ezahlukahlukene zezinzwa ezifana nesifo sohlangothi, isifo sikaParkinson, kanye nokulimala kobuchopho.
- Uma wena noma othile oseduze nawe enobunzima bokukhuluma, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela bese uthola ukuxilongwa okunembile.
- Ukwelashwa ngenkulumo kuyindlela eyinhloko nephumelela kakhulu yokwelapha lesi simo.
- Ukubekezela, ukuqonda, kanye nokusekelwa umndeni wakho nabangani kuzoba amandla akho amakhulu kulolu hambo.
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