Ingabe ingane yakho encane inezinkinga zendlebe? Ake sifunde ngqo ngezifo zendlebe (Otitis Media)!

Ingabe ingane yakho encane ivele ikhala ngobuhlungu bendlebe? Ingabe ivuka ebusuku ikhala? Noma ingabe ihlala ithinta noma idonsa indlebe yayo? Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokutheleleka kwendlebe . Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngokutheleleka kwendlebe, noma lokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi i-acute otitis media . Ungakhathazeki, lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane.

Kuyini ukutheleleka kwendlebe (Otitis Media)? Masikuqonde kalula!

Kalula nje, ukutheleleka kwendlebe ukutheleleka okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwendlebe yakho ephakathi . Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi iyini indlebe ephakathi. Indlebe ephakathi yindawo encane egcwele umoya phakathi kwengxenye engaphandle yendlebe yakho nengxenye engaphakathi yendlebe yakho. Ukuze kube sobala, yisikhala esiphakathi kwe -eardrum yakho nendlebe yakho engaphakathi. Indlebe ephakathi iyikhaya lamathambo amathathu amancane kakhulu asisiza ukuzwa umsindo. Ukudlidliza komsindo okushaya i-eardrum kuhamba kula mathambo kuye endlebeni engaphakathi, lapho singakuzwa khona.

Kunezimbobo ezimbili ezincane ezixhumanisa nendlebe ephakathi bese ziya ngemuva komphimbo. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-Eustachian tubes . Lawa ma-tubes alawula umfutho womoya ngaphakathi kwendlebe futhi avimbele uketshezi ukuthi lungaqongelelani endlebeni ephakathi. Cabanga ukuthi kuzokwenzekani uma lawa ma-tubes e-Eustachian engasebenzi kahle? Khona-ke uketshezi olusendlebeni ephakathi alukwazi ukuphuma kahle. Khona-ke indlebe ingagcwala uketshezi, okwenza izwakale isinda futhi kunzima ukukuzwa.

Manje, lapho kuvela ukutheleleka kwendlebe ngenxa yamagciwane noma amagciwane , uketshezi olusendlebeni ephakathi luyatheleleka. Yilapho indlebe iqala khona ukuqaqamba futhi, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, indlebe izizwa isinda.

Zivame kangakanani izifo zendlebe?

Eqinisweni, ukutheleleka kwendlebe ephakathi yisifo esivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane, ngaphandle komkhuhlane ovamile. Kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni eziphakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-6 neminyaka eyi-2. Kungavela kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-8 ubudala. Lokhu akusho ukuthi izingane ezindala kanye nalabo asebekhulile kancane abatholi ukutheleleka kwendlebe, kodwa akuvamile njengoba kunjalo ezinganeni ezincane.

Kungani izingane ezincane zithola izifo zendlebe eziningi kunabantu abadala?

Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:

• Umehluko kumapayipi e-Eustachian: Amapayipi e-Eustachian ezingane ezincane awakhuli kahle njengewabantu abadala. Atholakala futhi ngokuvundlile. Kwabantu abadala, athambekele kancane phansi, okuvumela uketshezi ukuthi luphume kalula. Kwabantwana, lokhu akunjalo, ngakho-ke uketshezi luvame ukuqongelela ngemuva kwe-eardrum. Cabanga ngalo njengepayipi lamanzi elingathambekile kahle, okubangela amanzi ukuba abhajwe.
• Isimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka: Isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sezingane ezincane, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esilwa nezifo, asikakhuli ngokugcwele. Ngakho-ke sinamandla amancane okumelana nezifo.
• Ukusabalalisa izifo kwabanye:Izingane ezincane, ikakhulukazi lezo eziya ezikhungweni zokunakekela izingane, zinamathuba amaningi okuthola izifo ezivela kwezinye izingane. Uma ingane eyodwa ithola umkhuhlane, ungasakazekela kwezinye ngokushesha.

Ziyini izimpawu zokutheleleka kwendlebe?

Izimpawu zokutheleleka kwendlebe zivame ukuqala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva komkhuhlane. Nazi izimpawu eziyinhloko:

• Ubuhlungu bendlebe: Lolu uphawu oluyinhloko. Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba buhlungu kakhulu.
• Isifiso sokudla: Indlebe ebuhlungu ingenza izingane zilahlekelwe yisithakazelo sokudla nokuphuza.
• Ubunzima bokulala: Ubuhlungu bendlebe bungenza kube nzima ukulala kahle ebusuku.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuvela endlebeni ethelelekile: Indlebe ingagcwala uketshezi, okubangela ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa.
• Ukuzwa ukugcwala noma ukucindezeleka ngaphakathi endlebeni: Indlebe ingase izwakale isinda futhi sengathi kukhona okubambekile.
• Uketshezi oluphuzi, olunsundu, noma olumhlophe oluphuma endlebeni: Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-eardrum yakho ingase iqhume.

Okubalulekile: Uma kukhona uketshezi oluphuma endlebeni, ungafaki lutho ngaphakathi endlebeni. Noma yini eshaya i-eardrum ephukile ingabangela umonakalo owengeziwe.

Ungazibona kanjani izici zezinsana nezingane ezincane?

Izinsana nezingane ezincane ezingakwazi ukukhuluma kahle azikwazi ukuveza ukucindezeleka kwazo. Ngakho-ke kufanele unake kakhulu lezi zimpawu:

• Indlebe iyabanjwa, idonswe, noma ijikelezwe.
• Ngikhala kakhulu kunokujwayelekile futhi ngihlala ngikhathazekile.
• Umkhuhlane: Umkhuhlane ungasukela kuma-degree Celsius angu-38 kuya kwangu-40 (100.5 - 104 degrees Fahrenheit). Akuzona zonke izingane ezithola umkhuhlane, kodwa cishe ingxenye yezingane ithola umkhuhlane ngenxa yokutheleleka kwendlebe.
• Ukuphefumula komlomo noma ukuhona okukhulu: Ukuphefumula komlomo kungaba uphawu lokuthi ama-adenoid akho avuvukele. Ama-Adenoid ayizinhlayiya ezincane zezicubu ezitholakala phezulu komphimbo wakho, ngemuva kwekhala lakho, eduze kwepayipi lakho lase-Eustachian. Amagciwane noma amabhaktheriya afanayo abangela ukutheleleka kwendlebe nawo angabangela ukuthi la ma-adenoid avuvuke.
• Ukungathandi ukudla lapho uncelisa noma uncelisa: Lapho izingane ezincane zigwinya, ingcindezi endlebeni ephakathi iyashintsha. Bese ubuhlungu buyanda, futhi isifiso sokudla siyancipha. Cabanga nje, kwenzeka into efanayo enganeni kaSamantha. Ingane yabanjwa umkhuhlane futhi ayizange iphuze ubisi izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu, futhi yakhala kakhulu ebusuku. Kwaba yilapho udokotela eyibonisa khona lapho aqaphela khona ukuthi kwakuyisifo sendlebe.

Yini ebangela ukutheleleka kwendlebe?

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, amabhaktheriya namagciwaneLena yimbangela eyinhloko yokutheleleka kwendlebe. Ukutheleleka kwendlebe kuvame ukuqala ngemva komkhuhlane noma olunye ukutheleleka kokuphefumula okuphezulu. Amagciwane abangela lezi zifo ahamba ngepayipi le-Eustachian aye endlebeni ephakathi. Uma enza kanjalo, amagciwane angabangela ukuthi ipayipi le-Eustachian livuvuke. Uma livuvukala, ipayipi liyavaleka, liyeke ukusebenza kahle, futhi indlebe ephakathi igcwala uketshezi oluthelelekile.

Ingabe izifo zendlebe ziyathelelana?

Ukutheleleka kwendlebe akusabalaliswa ngqo kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye. Kodwa-ke, amagciwane kanye/noma amabhaktheriya abangela ukutheleleka ayathelelana. Amabhaktheriya amaningi namagciwane afanayo abangela izifo ezifana nomkhuhlane ovamile kanye nomkhuhlane angabangela ukutheleleka kwendlebe. Ngakho-ke, uma uthola umkhuhlane kumuntu onomkhuhlane, cishe uzoba nokutheleleka kwendlebe kamuva.

Yiziphi izinto ezingabangela ukutheleleka kwezindlebe?

Ingozi yokuthola izifo zendlebe iphakeme uma unalezi zinto:

• Ubudala: Izingane ezincane eziphakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha neminyaka emibili ubudala zisengozini enkulu.
• Umlando womndeni: Uma othile emndenini wakho enesifo sezindlebe esivame ukwenzeka, kungaba yizakhi zofuzo.
• Umkhuhlane: Umkhuhlane ovamile ukhulisa ingozi yokutheleleka ezindlebeni. Izingane eziya ezikhungweni zokunakekelwa kwasemini zisengozini enkulu ngoba zinamathuba amaningi okuthola izifo ezivela kwabanye abantu.
• Izifo Ezingamahlalakhona: Abantu abanezifo zokuphefumula zesikhathi eside njengezifo zokucindezela amasosha omzimba, i-cystic fibrosis, kanye ne-asthma bangaba nokutheleleka kwezindlebe.
• Ubuzwe: Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi izingane zezizwe ezithile (isib., amaNdiya aseMelika, amaHispanic, ama-Alaska Native) zinamathuba amaningi okuthola izifo zendlebe kunezinye.
• Umoya ongcolile kanye nezindawo ezinentuthu: Ukungcoliswa komoya kanye nokuchayeka entuthwini ephuma komunye umuntu kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka ezindlebeni.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yokutheleleka kwendlebe?

Ukutheleleka kwendlebe okuningi akubanga izinkinga zesikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, ukutheleleka kwendlebe okuphindaphindiwe noma okuqhubekayo kungabangela ezinye izinkinga.

• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa: Kuvamile ukuzwa isikhashana kanye nemisindo engavamisile ngesikhathi sokutheleleka kwendlebe. Kodwa-ke, uma ukutheleleka kuqhubeka noma indlebe yangaphakathi yonakele, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa unomphela kungenzeka.
• Ukukhula kancane kwenkulumo nolimi: Izingane ezincane zidinga ukuzwa kahle ukuze zifunde ulimi futhi zikhulume. Uma ukuzwa kuphazamiseka ngisho nangesikhathi esifushane, kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekukhuleni kwenkulumo yengane.
• I-Eardrum edabukile: Phakathi kuka-5% no-10% wezingane ezithola izifo zendlebe ziba nokudabuka okuncane e-eardrum. Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kuzophola ngokwako . Uma kungenzeki, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa.
• Ukusabalala kokutheleleka: Uma kungelashwa, noma kungelashwa wedwaUma kungelashwa, ukutheleleka kungasakazeka. Ukutheleleka kungasakazeka ethanjeni elingemuva kwendlebe ( i-mastoiditis ). Akuvamile ukuthi ukutheleleka kusakazeke ezingxeni ezizungeze ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla ( i-meningitis ), okungaba yingozi.

Uyibona kanjani inkinga yendlebe?

Ngokuvamile, udokotela angabona ukuthi ingane yakho inesifo sendlebe ngokubheka izimpawu zayo, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba ukuze abone ukuthi inomkhuhlane, kanye nokuhlolwa kwendlebe. Ukuze ahlole indlebe, udokotela usebenzisa ithuluzi elincane elikhanyayo elibizwa ngokuthi i-otoscope . Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukubheka i-eardrum. Uma i-eardrum ibomvu futhi ivuvukele, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokutheleleka kwendlebe.

Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela uzosebenzisa i-otoscope yomoya ukuhlola uketshezi oluphakathi kwendlebe. Lokhu kushaya umoya omncane ungene endlebeni. I-eardrum kufanele ihambe iye emuva naphambili. Uma kukhona uketshezi endlebeni, i-eardrum ngeke inyakaze kahle.

Ingabe ingane yami izodinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe?

Kwezinye izimo, ingane yakho ingadinga nezinye izivivinyo, ezifana nalezi:

• I-Tympanometry: Lokhu kuhlola kusebenzisa umfutho womoya ukuhlola uketshezi endlebeni ephakathi.
• I-Acoustic reflectometry: Lokhu kusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukuhlola uketshezi endlebeni ephakathi.
• I-Tympanocentesis: Le nqubo ivumela udokotela ukuthi akhiphe inani elincane loketshezi endlebeni ephakathi bese eluhlola amagciwane namagciwane. Lokhu kungenziwa uma ukutheleleka kungaphelanga ngezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuzwa: Ukuhlolwa kokuzwa ngudokotela we -audiologist kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ingane yakho inokulahlekelwa ukuzwa yini. Izingane ezinezifo zendlebe eziqhubekayo noma ezivame ukutheleleka, noma ezinoketshezi endlebeni yazo ephakathi olungaphumi kahle, zinamathuba amaningi okulahlekelwa ukuzwa.

Ukwelapha kanjani ukutheleleka kwendlebe?

Ukwelashwa kunqunywa ngokusekelwe ezicini eziningana:

• Ubudala bengane yakho.
• Ubunzima bokutheleleka.
• Uhlobo lokutheleleka (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukutheleleka kokuqala, ukutheleleka okuqhubekayo, noma ukutheleleka okuphindaphindiwe).
• Ukuthi uketshezi seluhlale isikhathi eside endlebeni ephakathi.

Iningi lezifo zendlebe ziyaphela zodwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Udokotela wakho cishe uzobheka ingane yakho izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuyinika ukwelashwa. Uma ukutheleleka kungapheli, ingane yakho ingadinga ama-antibiotic noma ukuhlinzwa. Okwamanje, ungathatha imithi yobuhlungu ukusiza ukulawula izimpawu, njengobuhlungu bendlebe.

Ama-antibiotic

Uma ingane yakho inobuhlungu bendlebe obubangelwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, ingadinga ama-antibiotic. Kodwa-ke, odokotela bavame ukulinda izinsuku ezintathu ukuze ukutheleleka okuncane kuphele ngokwako ngaphambi kokunikeza ama-antibiotic. Uma ukutheleleka kukubi kakhulu, kungadingeka baqale ama-antibiotic ngokushesha.

I-American Academy of Pediatrics inikeza iziqondiso zokuthi kufanele nini unike ingane ama-antibiotic nokuthi kungcono nini ukuwasebenzisa. Lokhu kuncike ezintweni ezifana nobudala bengane, ubukhali bokutheleleka, nokuthi ngabe inomkhuhlane yini.

Okubaluleke kakhulu: Ungayeki ukuthatha imithi kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho ekuyala ukuba uyenze, noma ngabe izimpawu zakho ziyathuthuka. Uma ungayithathi yonke imithi isikhathi esinqunyiwe, ukutheleleka kungabuya.

Ama-Painkiller

Udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi yokunciphisa izinhlungu ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela (OTC) efana ne-acetaminophen (isib., iTylenol®, iPanadol®) noma i-ibuprofen (isib., i-Advil®, iMotrin®, iBrufen®) ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nomkhuhlane. Angase akunike namaconsi ezindlebeni ukunciphisa ubuhlungu. Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela ukuze unqume ukuthi yimiphi imithi ephephile enganeni yakho.

Ungalokothi unike izingane ezincane i-aspirin. I-aspirin ingabangela isimo esiyingozi nesisongela ukuphila esibizwa ngokuthi i-Reye's syndrome .

Amashubhu endlebe / amashubhu e-tympanostomy

Uma ingane yakho inezifo zendlebe ezivame ukutheleleka, inezifo ezingaphenduli kuma-antibiotic, noma ilahlekelwa ukuzwa ngenxa yokunqwabelana koketshezi, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ifakwe amapayipi endlebe. Uchwepheshe wezindlebe, impumulo, nomphimbo (ENT) uzofaka amapayipi ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-tympanostomy . Lena inqubo elula ethatha cishe imizuzu eyi-10. Ingane yakho ingaya ekhaya ngalolo suku.

Ku-tympanostomy, udokotela wenza i-incision encane kakhulu ku-eardrum yengane bese efaka ipayipi elincane lensimbi noma lepulasitiki kuyo. Le nqubo, ehilela ukubhoboza i-eardrum nokukhipha uketshezi, ibizwa nangokuthi i-myringotomy . Uma amapayipi esesendaweni, avumela umoya ukuthi ungene endlebeni ephakathi futhi asize uketshezi ukuthi luphume.

Leli payipi livame ukushiywa endaweni yalo izinyanga ezingu-12 kuya kwezingu-18. Lingase liziwisele lodwa , noma kungadingeka ukuhlinzwa okuncane ukuze lisuswe. Ngemva kokuba ipayipi selisusiwe, imbobo endlebeni iyaphola futhi ivaleke.

Ingabe ukutheleleka kwendlebe kungelapheka ngokwako ?

Yebo, izifo eziningi ziyaphola zodwa . Yingakho udokotela wakho ezolinda isikhashana ngaphambi kokukunikeza imithi efana nama-antibiotic. Okwamanje, ungakwazi ukulawula izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bendlebe ngama-painkiller.

Kuye ngeminyaka yengane yakho, izimpawu zayo, kanye nomkhuhlane wayo, kungadingeka ama-antibiotic ukuze ayisize ilulame. Uma ingane yakho inezifo ezingapheli noma ezivame ukwenzeka, noma uma uketshezi luqoqana endlebeni ephakathi futhi isengozini yokulahlekelwa ukuzwa, amashubhu endlebe angafakwa. Landela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho ngalokho okungcono kakhulu enganeni yakho.

Ingane yami ingabuyela nini emisebenzini evamile yansuku zonke?

Uma umkhuhlane wengane usuphelile ngokuphelele, ingaya esikoleni noma enkulisa.

Yini engingayenza ukuze ngivimbele izifo zendlebe?

Lezi zinto zingasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokutheleleka kwezindlebe kuwe noma enganeni yakho:

• Vimbela umkhuhlane nezinye izifo zokuphefumula: Zama konke okusemandleni akho ukuvimbela umkhuhlane, ikakhulukazi ngonyaka wokuqala wengane yakho. Bafundise ukugeza izandla zabo njalo, ukumboza ukukhwehlela nokuthimula kwabo ngezindololwane zabo, futhi bagweme ukwabelana ngezinto zokudla, izinkomishi, nezinkezo. Uma kungenzeka, gwema ukuthumela ingane yakho ezikhungweni zokunakekelwa kwasemini ezigcwele abantu kuze kube yilapho isikhulile kancane.
• Gwema intuthu kagwayi ephuma komunye umuntu: Gwema ukuchayeka entuthu kagwayi yabanye abantu futhi ungavumeli muntu ukuba abheme eduze kwengane yakho.
• Ncelisa ingane yakho ibele: Uma kungenzeka, ncelisa ingane yakho izinyanga zokuqala eziyi-6 kuya kweziyi-12. Ama-antibodies asebisini lwebele alwa namagciwane namagciwane abangela izifo.
• Uma uncelisa ingane ngebhodlela, bamba ingane yakho ime iqonde: Uma uncelisa ingane ngebhodlela, bamba ingane yakho ime iqonde ukuze ikhanda layo liphakame kunesisu sayo. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ubisi noma ezinye iziphuzo ukuthi zingabuyeli emapayipini e-eustachian.
• Gomela ingane yakho: Qiniseka ukuthi yonke imijovo yengane yakho isesikhathini. Izingane ezingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala kufanele zithole umjovo womkhuhlane waminyaka yonke. Buza udokotela wezingane ngemijovo yesifo se-pneumococcal kanye ne-meningitis.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela ngenxa yokutheleleka kwendlebe?

Uma unalezi zimpawu, xhumana nodokotela ngokushesha:

• Uma intamo yengane yakho iqinile .
• Uma umntwana ethule kakhulu, ebonakala ekhathazekile kakhulu, futhi engayeki ukukhala kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umshukumisa kangakanani.
• Uma ukuhamba kwengane kungazinzile.
• Uma ubuhlungu bendlebe yakho noma yengane yakho bukhulu kakhulu.
• Uma wena noma ingane yakho inomkhuhlane ongaphezu kwama-degree Celsius angu-40 (104 Fahrenheit).
• Uma ingane ikhombisa izimpawu zobuthakathaka bobuso (isib., umlomo ubonakala sengathi udonswa eceleni uma umomotheka).
• Uma ubona igazi noma uketshezi olugcwele ubomvu luphuma endlebeni.

Uma unalezi zimpawu, shayela udokotela wakho ngezikhathi zomsebenzi:

• Uma umkhuhlane uqhubeka amahora angu-48 ngemuva kokuqala ama-antibiotic, noma uma umkhuhlane ubuya.
• Uma ubuhlungu bendlebe bungapheli ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu zokuthatha ama-antibiotic.

Ingabe ingane enesifo sezindlebe kufanele izimboze izindlebe zayo uma iphuma ngaphandle?

Cha, akudingeki uvale izindlebe zakho uma uphuma.

Ingabe ingane enesifo sendlebe ingabhukuda?

Uma ingane yakho ingenayo i-eardrum enezimbobo noma uketshezi oluphuma endlebeni yayo, kulungile ukuthi ibhukude.

Ngingandiza noma ngiye ezindaweni eziphakeme uma nginesifo sendlebe?

Ukundiza kuphephile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinezintaba. Kodwa-ke, ungase uzwe ubuhlungu besikhashana ngesikhathi sokusuka nokufika. Ukuphuza uketshezi noma itshungama ngesikhathi sokusuka kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu. Uma ingane yakho inegciwane lendlebe, ukuyinika i-pacifier ukuze iyimunce ngesikhathi sokundiza kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukungakhululeki.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Uma ingane yakho ibonisa izimpawu zokutheleleka kwendlebe futhi isimo singathuthuki zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wezingane. Ukutheleleka kwendlebe okuningi kuyaphela ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, kuye ngeminyaka yengane yakho kanye nezimpawu zayo, ama-antibiotic angadingeka. Udokotela wakho uzoncoma ama-painkiller afanele ukusiza ingane yakho ukuthi izwe ubuhlungu obuncane ngenkathi umzimba wayo ulwa nokutheleleka. Ungalokothi wethuke, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho.

Ukutheleleka kwendlebe , i-otitis media, ubuhlungu bendlebe, izifo zobuntwana, ama-antibiotic, i-eardrum, i-eustachian tube