Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi ingane yakho encane yephuza ukumamatheka, ukugingqika, noma ukukhuluma amagama njengezinye izingane? Omalume abaseduze, omama bakho ngezinye izikhathi basho izinto ezinjengokuthi, "O, ingane yethu encane iyagxumagxuma kule minyaka." Kujwayelekile kakhulu ukuthi umama noma ubaba azizwe esaba futhi ekhathazekile kancane lapho ezwa izinto ezinjengalezi. Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungesabi ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, kodwa ukuqaphela ngokugcwele lokhu. Yingakho sicabange ukukhuluma ngalesi sihloko esibaluleke kakhulu namuhla, esithi "Ukungenelela Kwasekuqaleni."
Kuyini ngempela "Ukungenelela Kwangaphambi Kwesikhathi"?
Kalula nje, ukungenelela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kubhekisela ezinkonzweni ezikhethekile ezinikezwa izingane ezincane, okungukuthi, izinsana nezingane ezincane, ezinokulibaziseka kokukhula noma ukukhubazeka kokukhula, ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze zibasize bathuthukise amakhono abo.
Manje ake sibone ukuthi la magama amabili asho ukuthini.
- Ukulibaziseka Kokukhula: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ingane yakho iphuza kancane ukufinyelela izigaba ezithile zokukhula uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izingane ezineminyaka yazo. Isibonelo, ngenkathi ezinye izingane ziqala ukuguqa ezinyangeni eziyi-6, ingane yakho ithatha cishe izinyanga eziyi-8. Noma ngenkathi ezinye zisho igama elilodwa noma amabili ngonyaka, ingane yakho ayibonakali isho lutho. Lokhu yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukubambezeleka." Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokusekelwa nokuqeqeshwa okufanele, lezi zingane zivame ukuhlangana nabanye .
- Ukukhubazeka Kokukhula: Lokhu kuhlukile kancane. Lesi yisimo esivame ukuhlala impilo yonke. Lokhu kungathinta ukunyakaza kwengane, ukufunda, ukuxhumana, noma ukuziphatha kwayo. Izibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zalokhu yizimo ezifana ne- (Autism) kanye ne-(ADHD) .
Ngakho-ke, umgomo oyinhloko wezinsizakalo Zokungenelela Kwangaphambi Kwesikhathi ukusiza izingane ezinalokhu kubambezeleka noma ukukhubazeka zithuthukise amakhono ayisisekelo eziwadingayo empilweni.
Ake sibone ukuthi lawa makhono ayini:
- Ukugingqika embhedeni
- Ukukhasa
- Ukuhamba ngezinyawo
- Ukufinyelela izinto (ukufinyelela izinto)
- Ukufunda nokuxazulula izinkinga
- Ukukhuluma nokulalela
- Ukuqonda abanye
- Ukudlala nokuxhumana nabanye abantu
- Ukuzinakekela, njengokudla nokuzigqokisa
Into ebaluleke kakhulu lapha ukuqala lezi zinsizakalo kusenesikhathi. Ngokubhekana nalokhu ngokushesha nje lapho wena noma udokotela wakho ninokusola okuncane, ungabeka isisekelo esihle sengane yakho ukuze yakhe amakhono ayidingayo kukho konke empilweni, njengokuya esikoleni, ukuthola umsebenzi kamuva, nokugcina ubudlelwano bomphakathi.
Ungakanani ubudala obuncane bokuqala lezi zinsizakalo?
Izinsizakalo Zokungenelela Kwasekuseni zenzelwe izingane kusukela ekuzalweni kuya eminyakeni emi-3 ubudala . Kwamanye amazwe, lokhu kwenziwa kuze kube yiminyaka emi-5 ubudala. NaseSri Lanka, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugxila kulezi zinto kusenesikhathi, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-3 ubudala.
Ngezinye izikhathi, lezi zinsizakalo zingadingeka ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa kwengane. Kungenzeka kanjani lokho? Cabanga nje, lapho ingane izalwa, odokotela bathola isifo sofuzo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ngenxa yokuthi leso simo singathinta intuthuko yengane, odokotela ngokwabo bakudlulisela kulezi zinhlelo Zokungenelela Kwasekuqaleni.
Kodwa lezi zinto azibonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho uzalwa. Ngezinye izikhathi uma uyisa ingane yakho emtholampilo ojwayelekile wanyanga zonke, udokotela noma umbelethisi ngowokuqala ukuqaphela ukuthi kukhona ukubambezeleka okuncane ekukhuleni kwengane. Bese bekudlulisela kochwepheshe nabelaphi abadingekayo.
Kodwa khumbula lokhu: Uma usola kancane ukuthi "kukhona okuhlukile ngomntanami," ungalindi kuze kube umtholampilo olandelayo. Lalela imizwa kamama wakho. Uma yilokho okuzwayo, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha okukhulu bese uchaza ngokucacile lokho okubonayo nalokho okuzwayo. Kusukela lapho, uzokukhombisa indlela eya phambili.
Ngingazithola kanjani izinsizakalo ezinjengalezi eSri Lanka?
Nakuba amazwe afana ne-US enezinhlelo zikahulumeni ezihlukene zalokhu, eSri Lanka le nqubo yenzeka ngohlelo lwethu lwezempilo. Into yokuqala nebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uyenze ukubona udokotela wezingane . Noma ungakhuluma noMbelethisi Wezempilo Yomphakathi wangakini (PHM) .
Yilokhu okuvame ukwenzeka:
1. Ukuya kudokotela okokuqala: Khuluma nodokotela ngezinto ezikukhathazayo. Chaza lokho okubonayo ngokukhula kwengane yakho.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha: Udokotela uhlola ingane ngokucophelela futhi ahlole ukuthi izinyathelo zokukhula ziyafezwa yini ngesikhathi.
3. Ukudluliselwa kochwepheshe: Uma udokotela esola ukuthi kukhona ukubambezeleka, uzokudlulisela kochwepheshe abadingekayo. Yibo abahlinzeka ngalezi zinsizakalo Zokungenelela Kwasekuqaleni.
| Isevisi/Ukwelashwa | Lolu hlobo luni lwezingane olusizayo? |
|---|---|
| Ukwelashwa Kolimi Lwenkulumo | Izingane eziphuza ukukhuluma, zinobunzima bokuqonda okushiwoyo, futhi ezingazi ukuthi ziziveze kanjani. |
| Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi | Izingane zinobunzima bokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke njengokudla, ukugqoka, ukubamba amathoyizi, nokubamba ipensela nokubhala zodwa. |
| Ukwelashwa Komzimba | Izingane ezinenkinga yokunyakaza komzimba okubambezelekayo njengokukhasa, ukuhamba, ukugijima, nokugxuma. |
| Izinsizakalo ze-Audiology | Kubantwana abanenkinga yokuzwa. Ngoba uma bengezwa, abakwazi ukufunda ukukhuluma. |
Lezi zinsizakalo zitholakala ngamaYunithi Okuthuthukiswa Kwezingane ezibhedlela zikahulumeni, ikakhulukazi izibhedlela ezinkulu (isib. iLady Ridgeway Children's Hospital). Kukhona nezikhungo ezikhethekile emkhakheni ozimele ngale njongo. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe ngalokhu.
Ingane ifanelekela kanjani lezi zinsizakalo?
Uma ochwepheshe bethola ukuthi ingane inokukhubazeka noma ukubambezeleka kokukhula, leyo ngane iyafaneleka ukuthola lezi zinsizakalo. Lokhu kunqunywa ngemva kwenqubo yokuhlola enezinyathelo eziningi.
1. Ukuhlolwa Kokuqala: Lapha, ochwepheshe bokukhula kwengane (njengabelaphi benkulumo, abelaphi bezomzimba) baxoxa futhi badlale nengane ukuze bahlole amakhono nezinselele zengane.
2. Isaziso semiphumela: Ngemva kwalokhu kuhlolwa, ithimba lochwepheshe lizokhuluma nawe futhi lichaze imiphumela. Lapha ungathola ukuthi ingane yakho idinga izinsizakalo Zokungenelela Kwangaphambi Kwesikhathi noma cha.
3. Ukuhlolwa Okujulile:Uma sekuqinisekisiwe ukuthi ingane idinga izinsizakalo, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuthola ukuthi ziyini ngempela izidingo zengane nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zokwelapha ezifaneleka kakhulu.
4. Ukuthuthukisa Uhlelo Oluzimele: Okulandelayo, ithimba lochwepheshe lizosebenzisana nawe ukudala uhlelo oluqondene ngqo nengane yakho. Lolu hlelo luchaza ngokucacile izidingo zengane, izinsizakalo ezinikezwayo, kanye nemigomo esiyilindele.
Uma lolu hlelo seludaliwe, ingane izoqala ukuthola izinsizakalo zokwelapha ezidingekayo. Kuyo yonke le nqubo, ungabuza noma yimiphi imibuzo futhi ucacise noma yikuphi ukungabaza. Lolu hlelo luvame ukubuyekezwa njalo ezinyangeni ezi-6 futhi kwenziwa izinguquko ezidingekayo ngokusekelwe entuthukweni yengane.
Yiziphi ezinye izinto ongazenza njengomzali ekhaya?
Kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ekhaya ukusiza ekukhuleni kwengane yakho. Udokotela wakho wezifo zengqondo uzokunikeza iseluleko esiqondile sengane yakho. Kodwa, ake sithi kufanele ulinde amasonto ambalwa ukuze ubone uchwepheshe. Esikhundleni sokuchitha leso sikhathi ukhathazekile, kunezinto ezilula ongazenzela ingane yakho.
Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu futhi. Ngokuvamile, izinto ezinjengalezi zingakhuthaza kakhulu ukukhula kobuchopho bengane:
- Fundela ingane yakho izincwadi: Khetha izincwadi ezinezithombe ezinkulu nezinemibala. Ungacabangi ukuthi ingane yakho ngeke ikuqonde okufundayo. Izwi lakho kanye nesigqi samagama akho kubeka isisekelo samakhono olimi engane yakho.
- Cula izingoma: Izingoma zezingane ezilula njengokucula nokushaya izandla ziletha injabulo enkulu enganeni.
- Nikeza amathoyizi ahlukahlukene: Vumela ingane yakho ukuthinta amathoyizi anezimo ezahlukene, imibala, kanye nokuthungwa. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa umuzwa wayo wokuthinta.
- Khomba izinto ezikuzungezile bese ukhuluma: Khomba ikati endlini noma inyoni esibhakabhakeni bese uthi, "Bheka, nansi ikati," noma "Leyo inyoni."
- Qamba konke: Uma uncelisa ingane yakho, yithi "leli yibhodlela lobisi," uma ugeza, "leli yinsipho," bese uqamba konke okwenzayo nokuthathayo.
- Khuluma ngalokho okwenzayo: Vumela ingane yakho izwe lokho okwenzayo ngaleso sikhathi, njengokuthi "Umama usedla ilayisi manje," noma "Asihambe siyogeza manje."
Uma ukhuluma nengane yakho ngale ndlela, noma ingaphenduli lapho udlala nayo, isakufaka konke engqondweni yayo encane. Singase singakwazi ukubona lezo zinto ngaphandle. Ngakho-ke ungalokothi uyeke ukwenza lezi zinto.
Siphila ezweni elisheshayo. Kukhona inkolelo emphakathini yokuthi konke kufanele kwenziwe kuqala, futhi kube ngcono kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma uthola ukuthi ingane yakho ingemuva kancane kwabanye, kungokwemvelo ukuthi ukhathazeke ngekusasa layo. Imibuzo efana nokuthi, "Ingabe izokwazi ukwenza kahle esikoleni? Hlobo luni lomsebenzi ezoba nawo uma isikhulile?" ingase ivele engqondweni yakho.
Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi, akekho ongabikezela ikusasa lanoma yimuphi umntwana. Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi ingane ngayinye ikhula ngesivinini sayo . Futhi, uzokhuthazeka kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi ochwepheshe Bokungenelela Kwasekuqaleni banolwazi namathuluzi okufika endaweni yengane yakho futhi bayisize. Bazoyisiza ukuthuthukisa amakhono ngesivinini esifanelana nayo, futhi bazokufundisa futhi bakusekele ngendlela efanayo. Ngoba ungakhohlwa, unguthisha wokuqala nobaluleke kakhulu ingane ezohlangana naye empilweni.
Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka mayelana nokukhula kwengane yakho, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho. Futhi, ungalokothi unqikaze ukufuna nokubhekisela kulezi zinsizakalo. Lapho ucwaninga futhi ufunda kabanzi ngalokhu, kulapho uzoqiniseka khona kakhulu ekwenzeni izinqumo ngekusasa lengane yakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uma unokungabaza okuncane kakhulu ngokukhula kwengane yakho, ungamane nje ungayinaki bese ucabanga ukuthi "kuzolunga," kodwa nakanjani khuluma nodokotela wakho noma isisebenzi sezempilo somndeni wakho.
- Akuzona zonke izingane ezifanayo. Ungakhathazeki ngokuqhathanisa izingane zakho nomunye nomunye. Ingane ngayinye inejubane layo.
- "Ukungenelela Kwasekusenesikhathi" kuyindlela engcono kakhulu ongayitshala esikhathini esizayo sengane yakho. Uma uqala kusenesikhathi, imiphumela iba ngcono.
- Awuwedwa kulolu hambo. Kunabantu abaningi, okuhlanganisa odokotela nabelaphi, abangakusiza. Ungalokothi unqikaze ukufuna ukwesekwa kwabo.
- Njengomzali, isikhathi osichitha nengane yakho, indlela okhuluma ngayo nayo, kanye nendlela odlala ngayo nayo kunomthelela omkhulu ekukhuleni kwayo.
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