Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa nge-Ebola ezindabeni. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ukuthi isakazeka emazweni ase-Afrika nokuthi iyisifo esiyingozi kakhulu. Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile kancane uma uzwa leli gama. Kodwa-ke, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukwazi kahle nangokucacile ngayo kunokwesaba noma yisiphi isifo. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngalesi Sifo Segciwane Le-Ebola ngendlela elula kakhulu, ngendlela ongayiqonda.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Ebola?
I-Ebola yisifo esiyingozi nesisongela ukuphila esibangelwa yigciwane. Elinye igama laso yi-viral hemorrhagic fever. Leli gama lisho ukuthi igciwane lilimaza imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu. Lokhu kungabangela ukopha ngaphakathi nangaphandle komzimba.
Izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo zifana nomkhuhlane ovamile noma umkhuhlane. Ngakho kungaba nzima kancane ukuqaphela ekuqaleni. Kodwa njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, isimo siyashintsha ngokuphelele. Lokho kusho ukuthi:
- Ukopha okukhulu (ukopha kwegazi)
- Ukuhlanza
- Izinkinga ze-neurological ezithinta ubuchopho kanye nesistimu yezinzwa
I-Ebola yisifo esingavamile kakhulu. Lokho kusho ukuthi ayibonakali yonke indawo emhlabeni. Leli gciwane laqala ukutholakala eCongo, e-Afrika, ngo-1976. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo kuye kwabikwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ubhubhane olukhulu kakhulu lwe-Ebola emlandweni lwabikwa kusukela ngo-2013-2016. Lapho, kwabikwa amacala angaphezu kuka-28,000 emazweni ayi-10, futhi abantu abangaphezu kuka-11,000 bafa.
Uma unezimpawu ze-Ebola futhi usola ngisho nokuncane ukuthi uke wathintana nomuntu onesifo, iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) noma ubone udokotela wakho ngokushesha .
Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo zegciwane le-Ebola?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zegciwane le-Ebola ezithinta abantu. Ziqanjwe ngezindawo lapho zaqala ukutholakala khona. Uhlobo ngalunye luyahlukahluka kancane emandleni alo okubangela izimpawu kanye nobunzima.
| Igama elihlukile legciwane | Isifo esibangela | Okudingeka ukwazi |
|---|---|---|
| I-Zaire Ebolavirus (i-Ebola virus) | Isifo segciwane le-Ebola (EVD) | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu futhi olubangela ukufa okuningi. |
| I-Sudan ebolavirus (i-Sudan virus) | Isifo segciwane laseSudan (SVD) | Lokhu futhi kunethuba elikhulu lokuba yingozi. |
| Bundibugyo ebolavirus (Bundibugyo virus) | Isifo segciwane iBundibugyo (BDBV) | Izinga lokufa liphansi kancane uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo. |
| I-Taï Forest ebolavirus (igciwane le-Taï Forest) | Isifo segciwane le-Taï Forest (TAFV) | Lolu uhlobo olungavamile kakhulu. Zimbalwa kakhulu ezirekhodiwe. |
Kwenzekani uma uthola i-Ebola? Ziyini izimpawu?
Uma i-Ebola iqala, izimpawu zingavela ngezigaba eziningana. Ake sizihlukanise zibe izimpawu zokuqala kanye nezimpawu ezimbi kakhulu.
Izimpawu zokuqala ziyavela, njengomkhuhlane
Lezi zimpawu zingavela noma nini phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbili namasonto amathathu ngemva kokungena kwegciwane emzimbeni.
- Kushisa kakhulu.
- Ukukhathala, ukukhathala okukhulu
- Ubuhlungu bomzimba, ubuhlungu bemisipha
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu
- Umphimbo obuhlungu
- Isifiso sokudla
- Ukuthuthumela ngenxa yokubanda
Izimpawu ezinzima zingase zivele ezinsukwini ezimbalwa
Isimo sishintsha ngokuphelele lapho isifo siba sibi kakhulu.
- Uhudo (mhlawumbe olunegazi)
- Ukuhlanza (kungase kuhambisane negazi. Kubukeka njengokuphuma kwekhofi okugayiwe)
- Ukubomvu kwamehlo
- Amabala amancane egazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba (i-petechiae)
- Ukuphuka noma ukuphuma kwegazi noma kuphi emzimbeni (isib. kusuka ezinsinini)
- Indle emnyama, ephuzi (melena) - Lokhu kubangelwa igazi elisemgudwini wokugaya ukudla.
- Isifo sokulahlekelwa yingqondo
Isigaba sokugcina esibi kakhulu salesi sifo
Uma lesi sifo sifika kuleli qophelo, siyingozi kakhulu.
- Ukwehluleka kwezitho zomzimba
- Ukuquleka
- Ukuvuvukala kobuchopho (i-encephalitis)
- Umfutho wegazi ophansi emzimbeni okuholela ekushaqekeni
I-Ebola idluliselwa kanjani?
Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Igciwane le-Ebola alikho endaweni yethu kuphela. Lihlala emizimbeni yezilwane ezithile. Ngokuqondile:
- Amalulwane ezithelo
- Izilwane ezifana nezinkawu nama-chimpanzee
- Izilwane zasendle ezifana nezinyamazane
Into yokuqala eyenzekayo ukuthi lesi sifo sidluliselwa kusuka kwesinye isilwane kuya kwesinye. Bese siqala ukusabalala kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye.
I-Ebola isakazeka lapho uketshezi lomzimba oluvela kumuntu onegciwane lungena emzimbeni womuntu ophilile. Lolu ketshezi lomzimba luhlanganisa:
- Igazi
- Ukuhlanza
- Isihlalo
- Umchamo
- Ukujuluka
- Ingabe
- Ubisi lwebele
- Isidoda
- Uma umama okhulelwe, uketshezi olusesibelethweni (`uketshezi lwe-amniotic`)
Lesi sifo singasakazeka uma lawa ma-fluid emzimbeni wakho engena emzimbeni wakho ngokusikeka, ukuklwebheka, iso, ikhala, noma umlomo. Singasakazeka futhi ngezingubo, imibhede, noma izinaliti zomjovo ezingcoliswe uketshezi lomzimba wesiguli.
Ingabe ingadluliselwa ngocansi?
Yebo. Lesi sifo singadluliselwa ngokuxhumana ngokocansi nesidoda sendoda ene-Ebola. Igciwane lingahlala esidoda izinyanga eziningi ngemva kokululama. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi labo asebeluleme balandele izinyathelo zokuzivikela njengoba belulekwe udokotela wabo.
Ingabe i-Ebola idluliselwa emoyeni?
Cha. Leli iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Igciwane le-Ebola alidluliselwa emoyeni njengomkhuhlane noma ukukhwehlela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuba segumbini elilodwa nomuntu onegciwane, ukukhuluma naye, noma ukuba seduze naye lapho ekhwehlela ngeke kusabalalise lesi sifo. Ukuze lesi sifo sisabalale, kumele kube nokuxhumana okuqondile noketshezi lomzimba okukhulunywe ngalo ngenhla .
Ubani osengozini enkulu?
Labo abasondelene kakhulu nesiguli esine-Ebola basengozini enkulu.
- Amalungu omndeni anakekela isiguli.
- Abasebenzi basesibhedlela, okuhlanganisa odokotela nabahlengikazi.
- Labo abenza umngcwabo womuntu oshone nge-Ebola (igciwane likhona nasoketshezini lomzimba womufi).
Yingakho izisebenzi zezempilo zisebenzisa amasudi okuzivikela akhethekile (Imishini Yokuzivikela Yomuntu Siqu - i-PPE) amboza kusukela ekhanda kuya ozwaneni lapho zelashwa iziguli ze-Ebola.
Sitholakala kanjani lesi sifo? Ingabe kukhona ukwelashwa?
Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu ze-Ebola zifana nezinye izifo ezifana ne-dengue, i-malaria, kanye ne-typhoid fever, odokotela bazoqala bakubuze ngomlando wakho wohambo nokuthi ngabe uke waxhumana neziguli.
Ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukhethekile. Kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR .
Ukwelashwa
Ngenhlanhla, kunezindlela zokwelapha eziningi ze-Ebola kunanini ngaphambili. Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemithi esetshenziswayo zibizwa ngokuthi ``ama-antibody e-Monoclonal.`` Kalula nje, lawa ngamaprotheni akhethekile enziwe elabhorethri asiza amasosha omzimba wethu ukulwa negciwane.
- I-Inmazeb®
- I-Ebanga®
Ngaphezu kwale mithi, kusetshenziselwa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ukuze isiguli sikhululeke kakhudlwana futhi kuncishiswe izinkinga.
- Ukunikeza usawoti (`uketshezi lwe-IV`) ukuze kumiswe ukugcinwa kwamanzi emzimbeni
- I-oksijini yobunzima bokuphefumula
- Ukunikeza izinhlungu zobuhlungu
- Ukunikeza imithi yokulawula umfutho wegazi
Amathuba okululama kulesi sifo anda kuphela uma lesi sifo sitholakala ngokushesha okukhulu, silaliswe esibhedlela, bese kuqala ukwelashwa.
Ungazivikela kanjani ku-Ebola?
Uma uya endaweni enokuqubuka kwe-Ebola noma usengozini, qaphela kakhulu ngalezi zinto.
- Gwema ukuthintana noketshezi lomzimba lomuntu onezimpawu ze-Ebola noma okuqinisekisiwe ukuthi unalesi sifo.
- Gwema ukudla inyama yezilwane zasendle (ikakhulukazi izinkawu namalulwane).
- Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi njalo. Kungcono nakakhulu uma usebenzisa i-sanitizer yezandla.
- Gwema ukuthinta isidumbu somuntu oshonile ngenxa ye-Ebola.
- Uma uyindoda esindile ku-Ebola, gwema ukuya ocansini noma usebenzise ikhondomu njalo kuze kube yilapho odokotela beqinisekisa ukuthi igciwane alikho esidoda sakho.
- Gwema ukuhamba ngokungadingekile uye ezindaweni lapho i-Ebola isakazeka khona.
Njengamanje, imijovo yokugoma (`Ervebo®` kanye ne`Zabdeno®/Mvabea®`) ithuthukiswe ukuvikela igciwane le-Ebola. Le migomo inikezwa kakhulu izisebenzi zezempilo ezisebenza neziguli ze-Ebola kanye nabantu abasezindaweni lapho lesi sifo sisakazeka khona.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Ebola iyisifo esiyingozi kakhulu esibangelwa yigciwane, kodwa sidluliselwa kuphela ngokuthintana ngqo noketshezi lomzimba (njengegazi, ukuhlanza, umjuluko) lomuntu onegciwane.
- Lesi sifo asidluliselwa nhlobo ngomoya. Asidluliselwa ngokuba seduze nomuntu ogulayo.
- Njengoba izimpawu zokuqala zifana nomkhuhlane ovamile, uma uke waya endaweni lapho i-Ebola isakazeka khona noma uke wathintana nesiguli, tshela udokotela ngokushesha nje lapho uqala ukuba nomkhuhlane.
- Uma ungeniswa esibhedlela futhi welashwa ngokushesha, amathuba okwelapha lesi sifo aphezulu kakhulu.
- Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela kulesi sifo ukuzijwayeza ukuhlanzeka nokugwema ukuziphatha okuyingozi.
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