Uma sithola umkhuhlane, izinhlungu, kanye nokukhwehlela, sivame ukucabanga ukuthi, "O... lokhu kumane nje kungumkhuhlane ovamile." Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu. Kunzima kakhulu emzimbeni, futhi uma umzimba ubuhlungu, umkhuhlane, kanye nokukhwehlela okukhulu, awukwazi ngisho nokuvuka embhedeni izinsuku eziningi. Ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, ungase ucabange nokuthi, "Lokhu akuyona nje umkhuhlane, mhlawumbe umkhuhlane?" Ngakho-ke ikhona yini indlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi lokhu ngempela umkhuhlane noma cha? Yebo, kukhona. Yingakho senza 'ukuhlolwa komkhuhlane'. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu namuhla.
Okokuqala, iyini i-influenza?
Kalula nje, umkhuhlane uwukutheleleka kokuphefumula okubangelwa yigciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-influenza. Unzima kakhulu kunomkhuhlane ovamile. Leli gciwane lidluliselwa kalula lisuka komunye umuntu liye komunye. Lingadluliselwa ngamaconsi emoyeni lapho umuntu ekhwehlela noma ethimula, noma ngokuthinta indawo enegciwane bese ethinta ikhala, umlomo, noma amehlo akhe.
Nakuba kuvame ukwanda kakhulu phakathi nezinyanga ezibandayo, kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Into engcono kakhulu ukuthi ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane minyaka yonke kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo esibi.
Ngakho-ke ingabe wonke umuntu udinga ukwenza lokhu kuhlolwa komkhuhlane?
Cha, lokho akudingekile. Ngisho noma unezimpawu zomkhuhlane, uma ungumuntu osemusha ophilile, udokotela wakho angase akwazi ukukunikeza ukwelashwa ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho ngaphandle kokwenza ukuhlolwa. Iningi labantu liba ngcono ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuphumula.
Kodwa-ke, abantu abasemaqenjini athile asengozini banamathuba amaningi okuba nezinkinga uma bethola umkhuhlane. Isibonelo, izimo ezifana ne-pneumonia zingavela. Kubantu abanjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhuhlane bese uqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu.
Uma uwela kwesinye salezi zigaba, udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi uhlolelwe umkhuhlane:
- Uma amasosha omzimba ebuthakathaka: njengeziguli ezinomdlavuza, iziguli ezine-HIV, noma labo abathatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba.
- Uma unesifo esingamahlalakhona njengesifo sikashukela: Abantu abanezifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, kanye ne-asthma bangathola umkhuhlane kakhulu.
- Uma ungumama okhulelwe: Izinkinga zomkhuhlane zingavela ngenxa yezinguquko ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 noma ingane engaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala.
- Uma ulaliswe esibhedlela ngenxa yesinye isimo sezempilo.
Uma unezimpawu zomkhuhlane futhi ungomunye walezi zinhlobo zezingozi, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuhlolwa komkhuhlane ezikhona?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa komkhuhlane. Zombili zihilela ukuhlola isampula yoketshezi oluphuma ekhaleni lakho (isampula yokuphefumula).
| Uhlobo lokuhlola | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukutholwa Okusheshayo Kwe-Antigen | Lokhu kuyashesha kakhulu. Kufana nokuhlolwa kwe-antigen okusheshayo kwe-Covid. Kubheka amaprotheni (ama-antigen) avela egciwaneni lomkhuhlane kusampula ethathwe ekhaleni lakho. Ungathola imiphumela cishe ngemizuzu engama-30. Kodwa kunokunemba okuncane. |
| Ukuhlolwa Kwama-Molecular | Lena yindlela enembe kakhulu . Ibheka ukuba khona kwezinto zofuzo zegciwane kusampula. Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) esikwaziyo sonke kungenye yalezi zinhlobo. Ezinye izivivinyo zama-molecule zinikeza imiphumela ngokushesha (ngemizuzu engama-30), kanti ezinye zidinga ukuthunyelwa elabhorethri futhi kuthatha izinsuku eziningana ukuthola imiphumela. |
Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa? Ingabe kubuhlungu?
Akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho. Lena inqubo elula kakhulu ethatha imizuzu embalwa nje. Awudingi ukwenza lutho olukhethekile ukuze ulungiselele.
Ukuhlolwa okuzokwenziwa udokotela maduze
Ngokuvamile, udokotela uzosebenzisa enye yalezi zindlela:
- I-nasal swab: Lena yindlela evame kakhulu. Udokotela noma umhlengikazi uzofaka i-cotton swab ende ekhaleni lakho bese eqoqa uketshezi oluvela ezindongeni zekhala lakho. Ngezinye izikhathi, i-nasopharyngeal swab ifakwa ijule ekhaleni lakho (nasopharyngeal swab). Lokhu kungasetshenziswa ukwenza ukuhlolwa okusheshayo noma ukuyithumela elabhorethri.
- Ukuwasha Amakhala/Ukufutha: Le ndlela isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane. Lapha, kufakwa amanzi amancane anosawoti ekhaleni bese kuphuzwa uketshezi.Bese ikhishwa ngedivayisi yokumunca. Isampula bese ithunyelwa elabhorethri.
Uzizwa kanjani ngalesi sikhathi?
Uma ufaka i-cotton swab ekhaleni lakho, ungase uzizwe ukhafula kancane noma uvale umlomo . Ungase ukhwehlele ngisho. Kodwa lokhu kungakhululeki kuhlala imizuzwana embalwa kuphela futhi kuzophela maduze.
Ukuhlolwa komkhuhlane ekhaya
Manje sekukhona amakhithi okuhlola umkhuhlane wasekhaya atholakala emakhemisi. Kulawa, kufanele uthathe isampula ekhaleni lakho. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukufunda imiyalelo esephaketheni ngokucophelela bese uyilandela kahle.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlolwa ezingenziwa ekhaya:
1. I-Antigen Esheshayo: Imiphumela iboniswa zingakapheli imizuzu engama-30.
2. Ukuhlolwa Kwelabhorethri: Uthatha isampula, uyifake ephaketheni elifike nekhithi, bese uyithumela elabhorethri. Kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuthi imiphumela ibuye.
Ungayiqonda kanjani imiphumela yokuhlolwa?
Kunemiphumela emithathu eyinhloko engatholakala ngokuhlolwa.
| Umphumela | Kusho ukuthini lokho? |
|---|---|
| Okuhle | Lokhu kusho ukuthi unegciwane lomkhuhlane emzimbeni wakho. Lokho kusho ukuthi unegciwane lomkhuhlane. |
| Okubi | Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuhlolwa akuzange kuthole igciwane. Kodwa-ke, akulona iqiniso eliphelele ngo-100%. Uma unesilingo esinganembile kangako, njenge-antigen esheshayo, ungathola umphumela ongemuhle . Uma unezimpawu zomkhuhlane ezinzima, udokotela wakho anganquma ukuthi unomkhuhlane futhi akwelaphe ngisho noma umphumela ungemuhle. |
| Akuvumelekile | Lokhu kusho ukuthi kukhona okungahambanga kahle ngokuhlolwa. Mhlawumbe isampula ayithathwanga kahle, noma kube nenkinga ngekhithi yokuhlola uqobo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kuzodingeka uphinde uhlolwe. |
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen okusheshayo okungalungile akusho ukuthi une-flu isikhathi esingu-100%. Ukuhlolwa okunembile kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR. Njalo qaphela izimpawu zakho.
Kunini lapho udinga ukukhuluma nodokotela?
Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka mayelana nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho noma izimpawu zakho, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Kuhle kakhulu ukubuza ngezinto ezifana nalezi:
- Ungakwazi yini ukuchaza imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwami?
- Ucabanga ukuthi lo mphumela ulungile?
- Ingabe kuzodingeka ngenze ezinye izivivinyo?
- Yikuphi ukwelashwa ongincomayo?
Khumbula, izimpawu zomkhuhlane zingaba zimbi kakhulu ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi kulabo abasemaqenjini asengozini enkulu. Ngakho-ke ungangabazi. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole iseluleko.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umkhuhlane ukutheleleka kokuphefumula okubangelwa yigciwane lomkhuhlane. Akuzona zonke izifo zomkhuhlane ezibangelwa umkhuhlane.
- Abantu abaphilile ngokuvamile abadingi ukuhlolwa, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthola ukuhlolwa ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo kubantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka, izifo ezingamahlalakhona, abesifazane abakhulelwe, asebekhulile, noma izingane ezincane.
- Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlolwa: i-Rapid Antigen, enikeza imiphumela esheshayo kodwa enganembile kangako, kanye nokuhlolwa kwama-molecule njenge-PCR, okunembile kakhulu.
- Ngisho noma umphumela wokuhlolwa ubonisa ukuthi awunayo i-HIV, uma unezimpawu ezinzima, udokotela wakho angase acabange ukuthi unomkhuhlane bese eqala ukwelashwa.
- Uma unokungabaza ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho noma isimo sakho sezokwelapha, sicela uxhumane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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