Sicabanga ukuthi asinakushintsha izinto esizizuza kubazali bethu, akunjalo? Akuyona nje umbala wamehlo, ukuthungwa kwezinwele, umbala wesikhumba, ukuphakama, kodwa ngisho nengozi yokuthola izifo ezithile... Siyazi ukuthi konke lokhu kuvela ezizakhini zethu zofuzo. Ngakho-ke sicabanga ukuthi lezi zakhi zofuzo zifana nento eqoshwe etsheni, engaguquki, futhi engaphezu kwamandla ethu. Kodwa... ungamangala uma sitshelwa ukuthi singashintsha "indlela" lezi zakhi zofuzo "ezisebenza ngayo" ngendlela yethu yokuphila, ukudla esikudlayo, nezinto esizenzayo? I-Epigenetics iwumkhakha wesayensi omusha futhi omangalisayo kakhulu okhuluma ngalokhu.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Epigenetics?
Lokhu kungase kuzwakale njengegama lesayensi, kodwa empeleni umqondo ulula kakhulu. Ake sihlaziye igama elithi `Epigenetics`. `Epi` liyisiGreki elisho ukuthi "ngaphezulu, nxazonke, ngaphandle." `Izakhi zofuzo` yisayensi yezakhi zofuzo. Futhi elithi `Epigenetics` limayelana nokulawula okukhona "ngaphezu kwezakhi zofuzo."
Cabanga ngale ndlela. Izakhi zofuzo zakho zifana nama-bulb okukhanyisa endlini yakho. Awukwazi ukushintsha ukuthi lawo ma-bulb ayini noma ukuthi akuphi. Ayinto oyizuza njengefa. Kodwa uneswishi enquma ukuthi leso sibani sivuliwe noma sivaliwe. Mhlawumbe leso sibani sinoswishi olufiphele olusivula futhi lucime.
Ngokufanayo, i-'Epigenetics' iyindaba ephathelene nohlelo "lokushintsha kwamakhemikhali" olulawula ukuthi izakhi zofuzo emzimbeni wethu ziyasebenza (zivuliwe/zivaliwe), noma ukuthi umsebenzi wazo uncishisiwe (uncishisiwe), ngaphandle kokushintsha isibani esibizwa ngokuthi izakhi zofuzo.
Lokhu kushintsha kwamakhemikhali kuthonywa izinto eziningi, okuhlanganisa indlela yethu yokuphila, ukudla esikudlayo, indawo esihlala kuyo, kanye nokucindezeleka esibhekana nakho. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zinguquko zilungele imizimba yethu, zisivikele ezifweni. Ngezinye izikhathi, zingaba yingozi empilweni yethu.
Ake sizikhumbuze kancane ukuthi yiziphi izakhi zofuzo kanye ne-DNA?
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake siqale sibheke kafushane izakhi zofuzo kanye ne-DNA.
Cabanga ngochungechunge lwakho lonke lwe-'DNA' njengencwadi enkulu yeresiphi . Le ncwadi enkulu iqukethe yonke imiyalelo edingwa yiwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni wakho ukuze enze umsebenzi wawo kahle. Amaseli afunda ukuthi enzeni nokuthi angakwenza kanjani ngokufunda le ncwadi ethi ''DNA''.
Kunezigidigidi zamaseli emizimbeni yethu. Amaseli esikhumba, amaseli enhliziyo, amaseli obuchopho, njalo njalo. Ngayinye yala maseli iqukethe ikhophi yencwadi yonke yeresiphi ethi "i-DNA".
Kodwa, akuwona wonke amaseli afunda le ncwadi yonke. Akudingeki. Cabanga nje, iseli lesikhumba alidingi iziyalezo ezivela kuseli lenhliziyo zendlela yokusebenza. Njengoba nje ikhekhe lingadingi iresiphi ye-sambol.
Izakhi zofuzo ziyizindlela zokupheka ezizimele kuleyo ncwadi enkulu yezindlela zokupheka.Ngoba. I-gene ifana nesahluko encwadini esikufundisa ukuthi wenze umsebenzi othize. Ngakho-ke, iseli lesikhumba lifunda kuphela imiyalelo (ama-gene) yesikhumba. Iseli lenhliziyo lifunda kuphela imiyalelo yenhliziyo.
Lokho okwenziwa yi-`Epigenetics` ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi iresiphi okufanele ifundwe yiseli ngalinye nokuthi iyiphi okungafanele ifundwe. Kufana nokubeka isitikha kwamanye amakhasi encwadi yeresiphi ethi "Sebenzisa lokhu manje" kanye namanye amakhasi athi "Ungabheki lokhu manje."
Yini ethonya i-Epigenome yethu?
I-'epigenome' uhlelo olwakhiwe izakhi zofuzo zethu kanye 'nokushintsha kwamakhemikhali' okulawula indlela lawo mazakhi zofuzo asebenza ngayo. Into ebalulekile ukuthi le 'epigenome' ayishintshi. Iyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngezinto ezenzeka ekuphileni kwethu.
Izici ezithonya lezi zinguquko ziqala ngaphambi kokuba sizalwe. Bona ukuthi ziyini kuthebula elingezansi.
| Isici esithonyayo | Incazelo elula nezibonelo |
|---|---|
| Isimo sikamama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa | Izinto ezifana nokudla kukamama, inhlalakahle yakhe yengqondo, kanye nokucindezeleka abhekene nakho kungathinta umsebenzi wezakhi zofuzo womntwana osesibelethweni. |
| Ukudla okunempilo kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwengane | Ukudla okunempilo, uthando lwabazali, ukuvikelwa, kanye namathuba okufunda ngesikhathi sobuntwana kanye nobuntwana kudala izimpawu ze-epigenetic ezithinta impilo yengane yesikhathi esizayo. |
| Ukudla | Ukudla esikudlayo njengabantu abadala, ikakhulukazi ukudla okucutshunguliwe, iziphuzo ezinoshukela, kanye nokudla okunamafutha, kunomthelela omubi, kanti ukudla okunomsoco njengemifino, izithelo, kanye nemifino kunomthelela omuhle. |
| Ukuzivocavoca umzimba | Ukuzilolonga ngokomzimba kungavuselela izakhi zofuzo ezikhuthaza impilo futhi kuthulise izakhi zofuzo ezingaphilile. |
| Ubuthi kanye namakhemikhali emvelo | Ukuchayeka emsipheni wemoto, intuthu kagwayi, amakhemikhali afana ne-(BPA) kumapulasitiki, amakhemikhali ezolimo, kanye nezinsimbi ezisindayo ezifana nomthofu kungangeza amamaki ayingozi kuzakhi zofuzo. |
| Ukucindezeleka | Ukucindezeleka okwedlulele nokweqile kungaphazamisa ukusebenza kwezakhi zofuzo zomzimba wethu futhi kuholele ezifweni eziningana. |
| Utshwala nezidakamizwa | Utshwala, ugwayi, kanye nezinye izidakamizwa kulimaza ngqo i-epigenome yethu. |
Yiziphi izifo ezingahlotshaniswa ne-epigenetics?
Ososayensi basacwaninga ngalokhu, kodwa okwaziwayo njengamanje ukuthi izinguquko ze-epigenetic zihlotshaniswa nezifo eziningana.
- Umdlavuza: Cabanga nje, sinesakhi sofuzo emzimbeni wethu esivimba amangqamuzana omdlavuza ekukhuleni. Kodwa kwenzekani uma lesi sakhi sofuzo 'sivaliwe', okungukuthi, sithulisiwe, ngenxa yendlela yokuphila embi? Amangqamuzana omdlavuza anikezwa ithuba lokukhula ngaphandle kokulawulwa.
- Izifo zobuchopho: Kunobufakazi bokuthi izinguquko ze-epigenetic zihlotshaniswa nezifo ezihlobene nokuguga njengesifo sikaParkinson nesifo sika-Alzheimer, kanye nezinye izifo zengqondo kanye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo.
- Ukwakheka kwezakhi zofuzo: Izimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela kanye nokukhuluphala ngokweqile zithonywa indlela izakhi zofuzo zethu ezisebenza ngayo. Ukudla kwethu kungashintsha indlela la mazakhi zofuzo asebenza ngayo.
- Ukuguga: Lezi zimpawu 'ze-epigenetic' zithinta nenqubo yokuguga kanye nezifo ezihlobene nayo.
- Izifo zesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba: Lezi zihlobene nezifo 'zokuzivikela komzimba' njenge-asthma kanye ne-arthritis, okusho izifo lapho isimiso sokuzivikela somzimba sihlasela khona amaseli aso.
Njengoba ucwaningo ngalokhu luqhubeka, ososayensi banethemba lokuthola imithi emisha kanye nokwelashwa okuhlose le 'epigenome'.
Ngakho-ke singayishintsha yini i-epigenome yethu ibe ngcono?
Yebo, ngokuqinisekile kungakwenza lokho!Yilezo izindaba ezinhle. Nakuba singenakukwazi ukushintsha izakhi zofuzo esizizuza njengefa, singayithonya ngendlela eyakhayo indlela lezo zakhi zofuzo ezisebenza ngayo. Nakuba kungekho ndlela eyodwa neqondile yokwenza lokhu, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi singenza izinguquko ezinhle 'ze-epigenetic' ngokwenza okulandelayo:
Izinto ongazenzela zona
- Yidla ukudla okunomsoco: Faka ukudla okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka okuphekwe ekhaya, njengemifino, izithelo, imifino eluhlaza, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, nenhlanzi. Nciphisa ukudla okupakishwe, okucutshungulwe, kanye nokudla okunamafutha amaningi, okunoshukela omningi.
- Faka ukuzivocavoca ohlelweni lwakho lwansuku zonke: Yenza okuthile okufana nokuhamba, ukugijima, noma ukugibela ibhayisikili okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku. Kodwa-ke, uma usanda kuqala ukuzivocavoca, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala ukuze uthole ukuthi hlobo luni lokuzivocavoca olukufanele.
- Nciphisa utshwala futhi ugweme ukubhema ngokuphelele: Lezi yizinto ezilimaza ngqo i-'DNA' yethu kanye ne-'epigenome'.
- Lawula ukucindezeleka: Unganciphisa ukucindezeleka ngokwenza izinto ezifana nokuzindla, i-yoga, ukulalela umculo omnandi, ukuzibandakanya nomsebenzi wokuzilibazisa owuthandayo, nokuxoxa ngezinto nomngane omethembayo.
Uma ungumzali, nazi ezinye izinto ongazenzela ingane yakho:
I-'epigenome' yethu ibhekana nezinguquko eziningi kakhulu eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi abazali bakuqaphele lokhu.
- Nikeza ingane yakho ukudla okunempilo: Xhumana nodokotela wezingane ngalokhu.
- Nika ingane yakho amathuba okufunda nokudlala: Khuluma nengane yakho, funda izincwadi, ufundise amagama amasha, futhi umnikeze amathoyizi athuthukisa ubuchopho.
- Dala indawo enothando nephephile: Dala indawo ekhaya lapho ingane izizwa iphephile, ithandwa, futhi inakekelwa khona.
- Uma ubhekene nezinselele ezifana nokuntuleka kokudla, izinkinga zezindlu, noma udlame lwasekhaya, sicela ucele usizo kudokotela noma isikhulu esifanele . Bazokuqondisa ukuze uthole ukwesekwa okudingayo wena nezingane zakho.
Uma sizwa umqondo we-'Epigenetics', singazizwa simangala, sinethemba, kanye nokwesaba kancane ngakolunye uhlangothi. Uma sicabanga ngalokho okwenzekayo emizimbeni yethu, kunezikhathi lapho sizizwa sengathi lezo zinto zingaphezu kwamandla ethu. Kodwa i-'Epigenetics' isifundisa ukuthi yize kunezinto ezingaphezu kwamandla ethu, sinamandla okwenza izinqumo ngempilo yethu nokwenza izinguquko ezinhle.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Nakuba ungeke ukwazi ukushintsha izakhi zofuzo ozizuza njengefa kubazali bakho, ungashintsha indlela ezivulwa/zicinywa ngayo lezo zakhi zofuzo.
- Izinto ezifana nokudla kwakho, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, ukucindezeleka, kanye nendawo ohlala kuyo zithinta ngqo indlela izakhi zofuzo zakho ezisebenza ngayo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-epigenetics.
- Ezinye zalezi zinguquko zingaba yinzuzo empilweni yakho, kanti ezinye zingase ziholele ezifweni ezifana nomdlavuza nesifo sikashukela.
- Ukudla ukudla okunomsoco, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, ukugwema ukubhema notshwala, kanye nokulawula ukucindezeleka kungaba nomthelela omuhle ezizakhini zakho zofuzo.
- Ukudla okunempilo kanye nokunakekelwa okutholwa yizingane, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zokuqala zokuphila kwazo, kunomthelela wesikhathi eside empilweni yazo yesikhathi esizayo.
- Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, khuluma nodokotela womndeni wakho.
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