Cabanga ukuthi unikezwe isixazululo se-saline sokwelashwa komdlavuza (i-Chemotherapy). Umuthi ungena kancane kancane emzimbeni wakho. Kodwa ngokuzumayo uzwa ubuhlungu obuncane nokungakhululeki esandleni lapho isixazululo se-saline sifakwe khona, lapho inaliti ifakiwe khona. Ngemva kwesikhashana, leyo ndawo iba bomvu bese iqala ukuvuvukala. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi i-extravasation kwezokwelapha. Kalula nje, umuthi okufanele ungene emthanjeni uvuza uphuma emthanjeni ungene ezicutshini. Lokhu kungaba yinto eyesabekayo kancane kumuntu othola ukwelashwa komdlavuza. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, sizoxoxa ngakho konke ngokucacile nangokulula.
Kuyini i-Extravasation? Ake siqonde kahle.
Uma welashwa ngomdlavuza, noma nge-chemotherapy, umuthi unikezwa ngqo emthanjeni wakho. Sisebenzisa umugqa we-IV, noma ithubhu elincane lepulasitiki (i-cannula) elifakwa emthanjeni ongalweni yakho. Le mithi inamandla kakhulu ngoba isebenza ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza ahlukanisa ngokushesha.
Manje cabanga ukuthi kwenzekani uma ipayipi lamanzi libhobozwa endaweni encane? Amanzi ayavuza, akunjalo? Yilokho okwenzekayo nalapha. Ngesizathu esithile, umuthi onikezwa ngemithambo yegazi, esikhundleni sokuhamba ngaphakathi emthanjeni, uvuza uphuma emthanjeni, uye ezicutshini ezizungezile njengesikhumba, amafutha, kanye nemisipha. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi i-extravasation .
Le mithi, enamandla okubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza, ingalimaza izicubu ezinempilo uma ingena kuwo. Yingakho kudingeka sikhathazeke ngalesi simo.
Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi lonke ithimba, okuhlanganisa odokotela nabahlengikazi, abakwelaphayo baqeqeshwe kahle ukuvimbela lolu hlobo lwesimo ukuthi lungenzeki futhi balwelaphe ngokushesha uma lusenzeka.
Ziyini izimpawu zokukhishwa yigazi ngokweqile?
Lezi zimpawu zingase zivele ngokushesha ngemva kokunikezwa umuthi. Noma zingase zivele ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva. Odokotela bahlukanisa lesi simo ngezigaba ezine (amabanga) kuye ngokuthi sibucayi kangakanani. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uqaphele lezi zimpawu.
| Ibanga | Izimpawu ozizwayo futhi ozibonayo |
|---|---|
| Ibanga 1 | Kungase kube nokungakhululeki kanye nokuvuvukala okuncane endaweni okuhlatshwe kuyo. |
| Ibanga lesi-2 | Kanye nokungakhululeki noma ubuhlungu, kungase kube nokuvuvukala, ukubomvu, futhi mhlawumbe kube namaqhubu amancane. |
| Ibanga lesi-3 | Kanye nobuhlungu obuvuthayo noma obuhlabayo, kukhona ukuvuvukala okukhulu, ukubomvu, ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba, kanye nokuqubuka kwamaqhubu. |
| Ibanga lesi-4 | Ubuhlungu obukhulu, obuhambisana nezilonda zesikhumba, amabhamuza, ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba okumhlophe noma okumnyama (lokhu kubonisa ukulimala kwezicubu), kanye nomuzwa wokubanda lapho kuthintwa. |
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ngesikhathi unikezwa imithi, tshela umhlengikazi noma udokotela okwelaphayo ngokushesha. Ungamane nje ungayinaki. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, kufanele uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izizathu?
Ukukhipha isisu kungenzeka ngezizathu eziningana.
- Ukuqhekeka kwemithambo: Umthambo obuthakathaka ungaqhuma ngesikhathi sokuphathwa komuthi.
- Amaphutha emishini: Ukuvuza kungase kwenzeke ngenxa yephutha emgqeni we-IV noma ku-cannula esetshenziswa ukunikeza imithi.
- Amaphutha ekunikezeni imithi: Ngezinye izikhathi lesi simo singabangelwa izinto ezifana nenaliti engangeni kahle emthanjeni, noma imithi inikezwa ngokushesha kakhulu.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yalokhu?
Abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi simo.
- Uma unesifo esenza imithambo yakho ibe buthaka (njenge-Peripheral Artery Disease).
- Uma imithambo isiqine futhi iqine ngenxa yokwelashwa komdlavuza.
- Uma imithambo yakho incane kakhulu futhi ithambile.
- Uma imithambo inyakaza iye emuva naphambili uma inaliti ifakwa.
Kwenzekani uma lesi simo singelashwa ngokushesha?
Uma kwenzeka ukukhishwa kwe-extravasation futhi ukwelashwa kubambezeleka, kungavela izinkinga ezinkulu. Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, izidakamizwa ezibulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza nazo zilimaza izicubu ezinempilo. Ngakho-ke,
- Kungase kube nobuhlungu obukhulu.
- Umonakalo ongapheli esikhumbeni nasezicutshini ezingaphansi ungenzeka.
- Kwezinye izimo ezinzima, ukusebenza kwaleyo ngango noma umlenze kungathinteka.
Kodwa izimo ezingathi sína kangaka azivamile. Ngenxa yokuthi ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lithatha isinyathelo ngokushesha uma lisola into efana nale, kungumthwalo wakho ukubaxwayisa nganoma yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona.
Odokotela bakuphatha kanjani lokhu?
Odokotela nabahlengikazi abakunikeza i-chemotherapy baqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukuvimbela lesi simo nokuselapha uma sivela. Bazothatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo uma bebona into efana nale.
1. Ukumisa umuthi ngokushesha: Umuthi odlula kumugqa we-IV uyamiswa ngokushesha.
2. Ukuzama ukususa umuthi ovuvukile: Usebenzisa isirinji, khipha umuthi omningi ngangokunokwenzeka ovuvukile emthanjeni.
3. Nikeza umuthi wokulwa nokuvuvukala: Uma kukhona umuthi wokulwa nokuvuvukala wohlobo lomuthi ochithekile, uzonikezwa ngomugqa we-IV.
4. Ukususa umugqa we-IV: Kulapho-ke kuphela lapho inaliti ye-IV isuswa khona futhi isuswe.
5. Phakamisa ingalo ethintekile: Kunconywa ukugcina ingalo iphakeme, njengokungathi isecamelweni, ukuze kuncishiswe ukuvuvukala.
6. Ukufaka amafutha: Ungafaka ukhilimu ofanele ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nezinye izimpawu.
7. Ukuthosa okubandayo noma okushisayo: Lesi isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu.
- I-Cold Compress: Imithi eminingi ye-chemotherapy ihilela ukufaka amanzi abandayo. Umkhuhlane ubangela ukuthi imithambo yegazi inciphe, okuvimbela umuthi ukuthi ungasabalali kakhulu.
- Ukucindezela Okufudumele: Ukucindezela okufudumele kusetshenziselwa izinhlobo ezithile zemithi kuphela. Ukushisa kwandisa ukugeleza kwegazi endaweni, okusiza umuthi ukuthi uphume ngokushesha.
Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukiswa?
Isikhathi esithathayo ukuze lokhu kwenzeke siyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Kuya ngohlobo lomuthi ovuvukele, ukuhlushwa kwawo, nokuthi ukhishwe malini. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi wenzeni ekhaya.
- Gcina isandla sakho siphakeme ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Faka ama-compress abandayo noma ashisayo njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho. Ngokuvamile, batusa ukusebenzisa ama-compress izikhathi ezine kuya kwezihlanu ngosuku cishe imizuzu eyi-15-20.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kokukhipha izinto emzimbeni kanye nokungena emzimbeni?
Cishe uke wezwa igama elithi "ukungena ngaphakathi." Womabili abhekisela ekuphumeni koketshezi oluvela emthanjeni. Kodwa kunomehluko omncane.
- Ukukhipha i-extravasation: Lokhu ukuvuza okungalimaza izicubu (i-vesicant)Umuthi. Isibonelo, imithi ye-chemotherapy. Lokhu kungabangela izinto ezifana nokuqhekeka kwamaqhubu kanye nokufa kwezicubu (i-necrosis).
- Ukungena: Lokhu kuwuketshezi olungenawo ama-vesicant noma olucasulayo olungabangeli umonakalo omkhulu wezicubu noma ukuvuvukala . Isibonelo, i-saline evamile noma amanye ama-antibiotic. Lokhu kubangela kuphela ukubomvu, ukufudumala, kanye nobuhlungu endaweni. Izicubu azifi.
Kalula nje, i-Extravasation yicala elibi kakhulu le-Infiltration.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Nakuba ukukhishwa kwe-extravas kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komdlavuza, akuvamile kakhulu.
- Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizama konke okusemandleni alo ukuvimbela lokhu.
- Uma uzwa ubuhlungu, ukusha, ukuvuvukala, noma okunye ukungakhululeki endaweni yokujova ngesikhathi unikezwa umuthi, ungangabazi ukutshela umhlengikazi noma udokotela ngokushesha.
- Cishe wonke umonakalo omkhulu ungavinjelwa ngokwaziswa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okusheshayo.
- Ukuphepha kwakho kuyinto eza kuqala eqenjini lezokwelapha, ngakho-ke sicela uxoxe nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho mayelana nokwelashwa kwakho nabo.
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