Sonke siyazi ngamathambo emizimbeni yethu, akunjalo? Kodwa bewazi ukuthi ngaphakathi kwala mathambo aqinile, kukhona ifektri emangalisayo ebalulekile empilweni yethu? Lesi sicubu esithambile, njengesiponji, sibizwa ngokuthi umongo wamathambo . Kalula nje, lesi yifektri eyinhloko yokwenza igazi emizimbeni yethu. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalo mongo wamathambo, ikakhulukazi uhlobo olulodwa lwawo , umongo wamathambo obomvu, ukuze siqonde konke ngendlela elula.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zomongo wamathambo.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zomnkantsha emizimbeni yethu. Zombili zinemisebenzi ehlukene kancane. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.
| Uhlobo lomnkantsha | Incazelo kanye nomsebenzi |
|---|---|
| Umongo Wethambo Obomvu | Lezi zingxenye eziyinhloko zefektri yethu yokwenza igazi. Zitholakala kakhulu ngaphakathi kwamathambo ayisicaba njengamathambo esinqeni, ugebhezi, kanye ne-sternum. Amaseli akhethekile angaphakathi kwalawa yiwo enza amaseli egazi abizwa ngokuthi amaseli egazi abomvu, amaseli egazi amhlophe, kanye nama-platelet. |
| Umnkantsha Ophuzi Wethambo | Lezi zitholakala kakhulu emathanjeni amade ezitho. Njengoba igama lisho, ziphuzi ngombala ngoba zakhiwe kakhulu ngamafutha. La mafutha anikeza ukudla okunomsoco okudingekayo emathanjeni. Futhi, lo mnkantsha wethambo ophuzi uqukethe amaseli okuqala. Lawa maseli angaba amaseli amathambo, amaseli e-cartilage, noma amaseli amafutha uma kudingeka. |
Umsebenzi omangalisayo womnkantsha obomvu
Sibiza amaseli okuqala asemongweni obomvu ngokuthi ``amaseli okuqala egazi''. Lawa akuwona amaseli egazi ajwayelekile, kodwa uhlobo lweseli lokuqala elingenza wonke amanye amaseli egazi. Le nqubo yokwenza amaseli amasha egazi ibizwa ngokuthi i-Hematopoiesis kwezokwelapha. Ngale ndlela, kwakheka izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamaseli.
1. Amaseli Egazi Abomvu
Lawa yiwo athwala umoya-mpilo emizimbeni yethu yonke. Iphrotheni engaphakathi kwamaseli abomvu egazi ebizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin yiyo ethatha umoya-mpilo emaphashini bese iwuyisa kuzo zonke izicubu zomzimba. Le hemoglobin yiyo enika igazi lethu umbala walo obomvu. Futhi yilawa maseli abomvu egazi aletha i-carbon dioxide ekhiqizwa ezicutshini emuva emaphashini.
2. Amaseli Egazi Amhlophe
Lawa yibutho lemizimba yethu. Lawa maseli amhlophe egazi asivikela ezifweni ngokulwa namagciwane anjengamagciwane namagciwane angena emzimbeni. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zalawa, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lulwa namagciwane ngendlela ehlukile.
Cabanga nje, uma umzimba wethu uyizwe, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ayizinhlangano zokuphepha ezahlukene kulelo zwe, njengebutho lempi, ibutho lasolwandle kanye nebutho lomoya. Wonke umuntu usebenzisana ukuvikela izwe (umzimba).
| Uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi | Okufanele ukwenze nje |
|---|---|
| Ama-lymphocyte | Lokhu kukhiqiza ama-antibodies futhi kubhubhise amaseli egciwane. |
| Ama-granulocyte | Baya ezindaweni lapho kutheleleke khona futhi balwe namagciwane ngqo. |
| Ama-monocyte | Lezi ziba 'ama-macrophage' futhi zigwinye amangqamuzana angaphandle angene emzimbeni. |
3. Ama-Platelet
Uma unenxeba elincane bese uqala ukopha, ukopha kuyayeka ngemva kwesikhashana, akunjalo? Yilokho okusiza ngakho lawa ma-platelet. Lapho nje kuvela inxeba, lawa maseli ayafika endaweni, ahlangane, akhe ihlule legazi, bese emisa ukopha .
Umnkantsha kanye nempilo yethu
Manje cishe usuyaqonda ukuthi umnkantsha ubaluleke kangakanani empilweni yethu. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene, ukusebenza komnkantsha wethu kungaphazamiseka. Bese umsebenzi wale fektri yamaseli egazi uyaphazamiseka. Lezi ezinye zezifo ezingase zivele ngenxa yalokhu.
- Umdlavuza: Izinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza zingakhula emnkantsheni wamathambo. I-leukemia ingenye yezinhlobo eziyinhloko zomdlavuza. Kulokhu, uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi elingasebenzi kahle luqala ukuhlukana futhi luphindaphindeke ngendlela engalawuleki. Lapho la maseli angenamsebenzi egcwalisa umzimba, ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi anempilo, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, nama-platelet kuyayeka, futhi umzimba awukwazi ukulwa nezifo.
- I-Aplastic Anemia : Lesi yisimo esingavamile. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umongo wethambo wonakele futhi amaseli okuqala elahleka. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli egazi kume ngokuphelele.
- I-anemia: Lesi yisimo esivame kakhulu. Singenzeka uma umzimba untula i-iron, i-vitamin B12 , noma i-folate . Lezi zakhamzimba zibalulekile ukuze umnkantsha wamathambo wakhe amangqamuzana abomvu egazi kanye ne-hemoglobin. Kumuntu one-anemia,
- Ukuzizwa ukhathele njalo
- Ngizizwa ngingenampilo.
- Nginenkinga yokuphefumula ngisho nangemva kokuzikhandla kancane.
- Isikhumba siphenduka sibe mhlophe.
- Ngizizwa ngibuthakathaka.
- Izinkinga Zamaseli E-Plasma: Amaseli e-plasma awuhlobo lwamaseli amhlophe egazi enza ama-antibodies. Uma lawa maseli ekhula kakhulu ngaphandle kokulawulwa, angenza buthaka isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela futhi alimaze izitho zomzimba. I -Multiple Myeloma uhlobo lomdlavuza olukhula ngale ndlela.
- Ezinye izifo: Ezimweni ezifana ne -Myelodysplastic Syndromes kanye ne -Myeloproliferative Neoplasms , umongo wamathambo wenza izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu zamaseli ezingalungile noma izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu zamaseli. Lokhu kubangela ukushoda kwezinye izinhlobo zamaseli futhi kubangela izinkinga ezahlukahlukene.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lezi zifo?
Uma kutholakala ukuthi unesifo somnkantsha, udokotela wakho uzonquma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe. Ukwelashwa kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo kanye nobunzima besifo. Ukwelashwa okuvamile kufaka phakathi:
- Ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo
- Ukumpontshelwa igazi
- Ukunikeza i-iron, i-vitamin B12, noma i-folate njengamaphilisi, imijovo yamavithamini, noma i-saline
- Imithi yokulwa nomdlavuza (i-Chemotherapy)
- Imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba
Ngokuvamile, kungase kungabi nazimpawu ezinkulu zalolu hlobo lwesifo ekuqaleni. Ungathola ngokuhlolwa kwegazi kwakho kwaminyaka yonke, okusho ukuthiUkubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC) kuyindlela kuphela yokubona. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunakekela impilo yakho njalo futhi uthintane nodokotela uma uzizwa ungaphilile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umnkantsha uyifektri eyinhloko emathanjeni ethu ekhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi adingwa yimizimba yethu.
- Umnkantsha obomvu ukhiqiza zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli: amaseli abomvu egazi (athwala umoya-mpilo), amaseli amhlophe egazi (alwa namagciwane), kanye nama-platelet (asiza ekuqhekekeni kwegazi).
- Uma kunenkinga ngokusebenza komnkantsha, izifo ezahlukahlukene ezifana ne-leukemia kanye ne-anemia zingavela.
- Uma unezimpawu ezifana nokukhathala okuqhubekayo, ukuphaphatheka, kanye nokuklwebheka ngezikhathi ezithile, ungazinaki.
- Uma unokungabaza ngempilo yakho, ungalibali bese uthintana nodokotela wakho.
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