Ingabe amehlo engane yakho mancane? Noma awakakhiwa? (I-Microphthalmia kanye ne-Anophthalmia) Ake sixoxe ngakho.

Kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ezinye izingane zizalwa zinesimo esithile sokungajwayelekile kwamehlo. Ngezinye izikhathi iso elilodwa noma womabili mancane kunejwayelekile, noma ezimweni ezingavamile, amehlo angase angabekwa kahle. Kuvamile ukuthi umzali azizwe ekhathazekile kakhulu uma ebona lezi zimo. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngalezi zimo ezibizwa ngokuthi `(Microphthalmia)` kanye `(Anophthalmia)`.

Yini i-`(Microphthalmia)` kanye ne-`(Anophthalmia)`?

Kalula nje, zombili lezi zimo zizalwa nazo (zikhona lapho kuzalwa). Lokhu kusho ukuthi zenzeka ngenxa yenkinga yokukhula kwamehlo ngesikhathi umntwana esesesibelethweni. Abanye abantu babiza lokhu ngokuthi "ukukhubazeka kwamehlo okuzalwa."

I-Microphthalmia: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho iso elilodwa noma womabili engane engakhuli kahle, okwenza abe mancane kunokuvamile. Izingxenye ezingaphakathi kweso nazo zingase zingabi nesimo esihle ngenxa yokukhula okungafanele.

• Uma kuthinta izinhlangothi zombili (`Bilateral microphthalmia`): Lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi simo sithinta amehlo womabili.
• Uma kuthinta uhlangothi olulodwa kuphela (`Unilateral microphthalmia`): Lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi simo sithinta iso elilodwa kuphela.

Abanye abantu babiza lokhu ngokuthi "i-small eye syndrome".

`(I-Anophthalmia)`: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho iso elilodwa noma womabili engane ehluleka ukukhula nhlobo . Lokhu kusho ukuthi amehlo awakheki.

• Uma kuthinta izinhlangothi zombili (`i-Bilateral anophthalmia`): Womabili amehlo awakho endaweni yawo.
• Uma kuthinta uhlangothi olulodwa kuphela (`Unilateral anophthalmia`): Iso elilodwa alikho endaweni yalo.

Zivame kangakanani lezi zimo?

Empeleni lezi yizimo ezingavamile kakhulu. Ngokusho kweminye imibiko, ngisho nasezweni elifana neMelika, lezi zimo (i-Anophthalmia kanye ne-Microphthalmia) zenzeka cishe kumntwana oyedwa kwabangu-5,200 ozalwa minyaka yonke. Eminye imibiko ithi ngisho nomntwana oyedwa kwabangu-10,000. Lokho kusho ukuthi, akuwona wonke umntwana othola lokhu.

Ziyini izimpawu zalezi zimo?

Uma udokotela ehlola ingane kahle ngemva kokuzalwa, ikakhulukazi lapho ehlola amehlo, angabona ukuthi ikhona yini le nkinga.

Into eyinhloko ukuncipha kokubona noma ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuphelele . Kanye nalezi zimo zamehlo, izifo zamehlo ezengeziwe nezinye izinkinga zempilo nazo zingavela.

Ezinye izinkinga zamehlo ezingaba khona zifaka:

• Ama-cataract: Kulokhu, kuvela ukufiphala kwelensi ngaphakathi kweso, okubangela ukubona okufiphele kanye nokulahlekelwa umbono wombala.
• I-Coloboma: Lokhu kuwukulahlekelwa yizicubu ngaphakathi kweso. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kwenzeka ku-iris, ingxenye enombala yeso. Umuntu one-coloboma angase abe nombono ongajwayelekile ngoba kukhona ukusikeka ku-iris.
• I-Microcornea: Lesi yisimo lapho i-cornea, ingxenye esobala yangaphambili yeso, incane kakhulu. Uma unalokhu, i-cornea yakho ngeke ifinyelele ngisho namamilimitha ayi-10 ububanzi, noma ngabe ungumuntu omdala.
• I-retina ehlukanisiwe: Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu esingaholela ebumpumputheni. I-retina, ungqimba lwezicubu ezingemuva kweso olusisiza ukubona, iyahlukana nezicubu ezisekelayo. I-retina yiyo ethumela izimpawu ebuchosheni ngalokho esikubonayo.
• Ijwabu leso eligobile (`Ptosis` noma `Pseudoptosis`): `(Ptosis)` yilapho ijwabu leso ligobile phansi. Lihlobene nemisipha nemizwa. `(Pseudoptosis)` ingabukeka ifana ne-`(Ptosis)`, ngoba ijwabu leso nalo liyagobile. Kodwa-ke, alibangelwa yimizwa noma imisipha, kodwa yibhola leso elingakhuli kahle.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-`(Microphthalmia)` kanye ne-`(Anophthalmia)`?

Abacwaningi abakakazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela lezi zimo. Ezinye izingane zizalwa nalezi zimo ngenxa yezinguquko zofuzo. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izinguquko ezakhiweni zofuzo nama-chromosome, kanye nezici zemvelo, zingabangela lezi zimo, ezikhona lapho kuzalwa.

Kunezinye izici eziningana ezingathinta lezi zimo zamehlo:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Isibonelo, i-Isotretinoin (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Accutane®) ye-acne, noma i-Thalidomide yomdlavuza kanye nezifo ezithile zesikhumba.
• Ukuchayeka kuma-X-ray noma eminye imisebe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Isibonelo, eminye imithi kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane.
• Ukuchayeka ezifweni ezithile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Isibonelo, izifo ezifana ne-German measles (`Rubella`) kanye ne-`(Toxoplasmosis)`.
• Ukuntuleka kwevithamini A kumama.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi noma ngabe lezi zizathu zikhona, akuwona wonke umuntu ozobhekana nalezi zimo. Futhi, lezi zimo zingavela ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi zalezi zizathu.

Odokotela bazixilonga kanjani lezi zimo?

Uma kwenzeka ingane esanda kuzalwa, udokotela angazihlola lezi zimo ngokuhlola ingane. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela zokuzihlola lezi zimo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa .

Ukuhlolwa okungabona lezi zimo ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe yilezi:

• I-Ultrasound: Lokhu kusebenzisa amaza omsindo avame kakhulu ukudala izithombe. Kodwa-ke, i-ultrasound eyenziwa ngesikhathi umntwana esesesibelethweni ingase ingasiboni njalo isimo.
• I-MRI yengane esanda kuzalwa:`(MRI)` imele `I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging`. Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwesithombe okukhethekile. Kungaba usizo ekuboneni izinkinga ezingaba khona kanye nezinkinga ezingase zivele ngesikhathi sokuzalwa komntwana.
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo: Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa okufana nokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwe-Quad marker. Isikrini se-Quad siwukuhlolwa kwegazi okwenziwa phakathi kwamasonto ayi-15 nama-20 okukhulelwa. Lokhu kunganikeza ulwazi oluthile mayelana nezimo zofuzo zomntwana.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha `(Microphthalmia)` kanye `(Anophthalmia)`?

Ngeshwa, isayensi yezokwelapha okwamanje ayinayo indlela yokunikeza izingane ezizalwa nalezi zimo iso elisha. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingabasiza baphile nalezi zimo.

• Ama-Conformers: Lawa amadivayisi afakwa esokisini seso. Asiza isokisi leso kanye nezingxenye zobuso zikhule ngendlela evamile. Njengoba ubuso bomntwana bukhula, lawa madivayisi kuzodingeka abe makhulu.
• Amehlo okufakelwa: Lawa amehlo okwenziwa afakwa ezimbotsheni zamehlo ezingenalutho. Lawa futhi asiza ngezimbotshana zamehlo nokukhula kobuso. Asiza futhi ngezinkinga zokubukeka.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa ukuze kwelashwe izimo ezifana ne-cataracts, i-coloboma, noma ukuze kufakwe ama-conformer kahle.
• Izinsizakalo ezisiza ingane nomndeni ukubhekana nokulahlekelwa ukubona noma ubumpumputhe: Lezi zinsizakalo zifaka phakathi othisha abafundisa izingane ezinokukhubazeka kokubona, abelaphi bokubona okuphansi, kanye nochwepheshe bokubona okuphansi. Lezi zinsizakalo zokungenelela kusenesikhathi zisiza ingane ukuthi ifunde ukuhamba, ukukhuluma, nokuxhumana nabanye. Zisiza futhi umndeni ukuthi usebenzisane ukuthuthukisa impilo yengane.
• Izibuko noma Oxhumana Nabo: Ngezinye izikhathi, iso eline-Microphthalmia lingase libe nombono othile. Ezimweni ezinjalo, amalensi okulungisa angadingeka ukwelapha izimo ezifana ne-Amblyopia (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-lazy eye). Uma ubona iso elilodwa kuphela, kubalulekile ukugqoka izibuko zokuzivikela . Kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izingxenye zeso ezithintekile yi-Microphthalmia, ungase ukwazi ukubona kahle ngamalensi okulungisa.

Ngingayinciphisa kanjani le ngozi?

Ayikho indlela yokuqeda ngokuphelele ingozi ye-microphthalmia kanye ne-anophthalmia. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ongazenza ukuze ukukhulelwa kwakho kuphephe :

• Bona udokotela ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe: Sebenzani ndawonye ukuze nihlale niphilile ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba nikhulelwe nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwenu. Phakathi nale ngxoxo, ningaxoxa nangokuthi yimiphi imigomo okudingeka niyiqede ngaphambi kokukhulelwa.
• Qala futhi uqhubeke nokunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kusenesikhathi nangendlela efanele: Ungaphuthelwa ukubonana nodokotela wakho, noma ngabe uzizwa uphilile.
• Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngemithi neminye imikhiqizo oyithathayo: Qiniseka ukuthi iphephile ekukhulelweni okunempilo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi noma yimiphi imithi udokotela wakho ayikunikezile, kanye nanoma yimaphi amavithamini noma izithasiselo ozithathayo. Uma uthatha i-Isotretinoin noma i-Thalidomide, qiniseka ukuthi uyamtshela udokotela wakho .
• Ngemva kokuxoxa ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nomlando wezokwelapha womndeni, udokotela wakho angase akuphakamisele ukuhlolwa kofuzo ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe.
• Hlala kude namakhemikhali ayingozi.

Uma ngine-`(Microphthalmia)` noma `(Anophthalmia)`, yini okufanele ngiyilindele?

Akukho ukwelashwa okuphelele kwezimo `(Microphthalmia)` kanye `(Anophthalmia). Into ebalulekile ukuthi ungaziphatha kanjani futhi uphile kanjani nalezi zimo kanye nezinye izinkinga ezingase ziphakame nazo.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wami?

Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninesifo se-`(Microphthalmia)` noma `(Anophthalmia)` kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna usizo lwethimba lezokwelapha elingochwepheshe . Ngaphezu kukadokotela wezingane noma udokotela wezifo zangaphakathi, umuntu onalezi zimo uzodinga izinsizakalo zalokhu:

• Udokotela wamehlo: Udokotela oxilonga futhi elapha izifo zamehlo nezinkinga zokubona.
• Isazi Sezinso: Umuntu okwazi ukwenza nokufaka amadivayisi afana namehlo okwenziwa kanye nama-conformer.
• Udokotela ohlinzayo we-Oculoplastic: Udokotela ohlinzayo othole ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile emehlweni, ezindleleni zokujikeleza, kanye namathambo awenzayo.

Kungumqondo omuhle ukufaka konke lokhu eqenjini lakho (noma lengane yakho) lezokwelapha, kanye nochwepheshe abangasiza ngezinye izidingo.

Yiziphi ezinye izimo ezingahlotshaniswa ne-`(Microphthalmia)` kanye ne-`(Anophthalmia)`?

I-Microphthalmia kanye ne-anophthalmia kungenzeka kanye nezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezikhona lapho kuzalwa. Isibonelo, ukukhubazeka kwamalungu omzimba (njengokungakwazi ukunyakaza), ukukhubazeka kobuso nomlomo (njengokuqhekeka komlomo nomlomo), kanye nezinselele zengqondo.

Futhi, izimo ezibizwa ngokuthi `(Anophthalmia)` kanye `(Microphthalmia)` zingavela njengengxenye yezinye izifo zokuzalwa. Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:

• `(I-Aicardi syndrome)`:Lesi yisifo esingavamile kakhulu. Singabangela ukulahlekelwa yizitho ezithile zomzimba lapho uzalwa. Abantu abanalesi simo bangaba nezinkinga zempilo impilo yabo yonke njengokuquleka kanye nokubambezeleka kokukhula.
• I-CHARGE syndrome: Lesi yisifo esingavamile futhi. Sithinta izingxenye eziningi zomzimba, okuhlanganisa amehlo nenhliziyo.
• I-SOX2 anophthalmia syndrome: Ngaphezu kokulahlekelwa amehlo noma ukuba namehlo amancane, abantu abanalesi sifo bangaba nokuquleka nezinkinga zobuchopho.
• I-Lenz microphthalmia syndrome: Ngaphezu kwamehlo amancane, abantu abanalesi sifo bangase babe nokunyakaza kwamehlo okungalawuleki, izinkinga zokufunda, kanye nezinkinga ohlelweni lwamathambo kanye nohlelo lomchamo.

Uma ukhulelwe, ungase uzizwe ukhathazekile kakhulu lapho uthola ukuthi ingane yakho ingase ibe ne-`(Microphthalmia)` noma `(Anophthalmia)`. Lokhu kuvamile. Ukukhuluma nethimba lakho lezokwelapha kungakusiza ukuthi uthuthukise amasu okusiza ukuphatha lezi zimo. Kukhona "izinsizakalo zokungenelela kwasekuqaleni" ukusiza ingane yakho ifunde, futhi kukhona ngisho "namaqembu okusekela" ukusiza umndeni wakho kanye nengane yakho baphumelele.

Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ake sifingqe ezinye zezinto okudingeka uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho:

• I-Microphthalmia yilapho iso elilodwa noma womabili amancane kunejwayelekile. I-Anophthalmia yilapho iso elilodwa noma womabili engekho. Lezi yizimo eziba khona lapho kuzalwa .
• Nakuba imbangela eqondile yalokhu ingaziwa, izici zofuzo kanye nezemvelo zingase zibe nendima.
• Lokhu kungatholakala kusenesikhathi ngokuhlolwa okufana ne-ultrasound kanye ne-MRI yengane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Nakuba amehlo amasha engenakufakwa esikhundleni sawo, singasiza abantu baphile kahle nalezi zimo ngokusebenzisa "ama-Conformers", "amehlo okufakelwa", ukuhlinzwa, kanye nezinsizakalo zokusekela ezikhethekile .
• Ukuhlala uphilile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yalezi zimo ngezinga elithile.
• Uma wena noma ingane yakho inalesi simo, ningesabi . Ngokusekelwa yithimba lezokwelapha elingochwepheshe, uthando lomndeni, kanye nokuphathwa okufanele, ingane yakho ingaphila impilo enhle.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokusiza. Uma uneminye imibuzo, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

i- microphthalmia, i-anophthalmia, izimo zamehlo okuzalwa nawo, amehlo amancane, amehlo angekho, ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, i-ophthalmology yezingane