Ingabe uhlala ukhathele? Ake sifunde konke mayelana ne-folate deficiency anemia!

Ingabe nawe uzizwa ukhathele usuku lonke, ungakwazi ukwenza lutho? Noma ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi umzimba wakho uyabanda futhi kunzima ukuphefumula? Lezi akuzona nje izinto ezingahleliwe, mhlawumbe umzimba wakho awunazo izakhamzimba ezidingekayo, okungenzeka ukuthi zibangela ukuntuleka kwegazi, okungukuthi, i-anemia. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi iyini i-anemia yokuntuleka kwe-folate, ukuthi kungani isenzeka, nokuthi ungayigwema kanjani.

Kuyini i-Folate Deficiency Anemia? Masiqonde kalula!

Kalula nje, i-folate deficiency anemia yisifo segazi esibangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-folate, noma i-vitamin B9, emzimbeni wakho. Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi inani lamaseli abomvu egazi emzimbeni wakho liphansi kunejwayelekile futhi amaseli abomvu egazi akhona makhulu ngendlela engavamile. Cabanga ngakho, la maseli abomvu egazi athwala umoya-mpilo emizimbeni yethu yonke. Ngakho-ke lapho la maseli ehla, eba makhulu, noma engakwazi ukusebenza kahle, inani lomoya-mpilo elitholwa ngumzimba liyancipha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kuntuleka komoya-mpilo yikho okukwenza uzizwe ukhathele, ubuthakathaka, futhi ubanda.

Kungani kwenzeka i-anemia uma i-folate intula? Kwenzekani emzimbeni?

Uyazi ukuthi amangqamuzana ethu abomvu egazi akheka kanjani? Aqala ukwakheka ngamaseli okuqala emnkantsheni wamathambo ngaphakathi kwamathambo ethu. Lawa maseli abomvu egazi akhula kancane kancane futhi ajoyine igazi lethu, ethwala umoya-mpilo kuzo zonke izitho nezicubu zomzimba.

Lapha, isakhi esibizwa ngokuthi i-folate sibalulekile ekwakhekeni kahle kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi anempilo. Kufana nokwakha indlu ngesimende. Ngakho-ke, uma umzimba wakho ungatholi i-folate eyanele, umongo wakho ngeke ukhiqize amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ajwayelekile. Kunalokho, ukhiqiza uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu lwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi abizwa ngokuthi ``megaloblasts.''

Ngenxa yokuthi la maseli "e-megaloblastic" makhulu kakhulu, amanye awo awaphumi ngisho nasemongweni wamathambo futhi ajoyine igazi. Amaseli ahlanganayo awaphili isikhathi eside njengamaseli abomvu egazi anempilo. Afa ngokushesha. Yingakho inani lamaseli abomvu egazi emzimbeni lincipha, okubangela i-anemia, okusho ukuntuleka kwegazi. Uyaqonda?

Ingabe zikhona ezinye izinhlobo ze-anemia?

Yebo, i-anemia yisimo esivamile abantu abaningi abangasithola. Sibangelwa ukuntuleka kwamaseli abomvu egazi anempilo. Kunezimbangela eziningi ze-anemia:

• Amaseli egazi abomvu amakhulu ngendlela engavamile (lokhu kubangelwa nokuntuleka kwe-folate esikhuluma ngakho).
• Ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwamaseli abomvu egazi anempilo.
• Ukubhujiswa okukhulu kwamaseli abomvu egazi yisibindi kanye ne-spleen.
• Amazinga e-hemoglobin anciphile, iphrotheni emangqamuzaneni abomvu egazi ethwala umoya-mpilo.
• I-hemoglobin ayisebenzi kahle, okusho ukuthi ayikwazi ukubamba umoya-mpilo ngendlela efanele.
• Ukuqhuma kwamaseli abomvu egazini.

Iqembu le-anemia elibangelwa amangqamuzana abomvu amakhulu ngendlela engavamile libizwa ngokuthi ``macrocytic anemia``. Olunye uhlobo lwalokhu yi-``megaloblastic anemia``. Okulandelayo kuwela ngaphansi kwale ``megaloblastic anemia``:

• I-anemia yokuntuleka kwe-folate
• I-anemia yokuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B12
• I-anemia eyingozi

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ezinye izinhlobo ze-anemia abantu abaningi abake bezwa ngazo yilezi:

• I-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi
• I-anemia yamaseli esikele

Kuvame kangakanani ukuntuleka kwe-folate?

Ukuntuleka kwe-folate akuvamile emazweni athuthukile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-folate inezelwa ekudleni okuningi kulawo mazwe. Isibonelo, e-United States, bekulokhu kuyimpoqo ukwengeza i-folate ekudleni kusukela ngo-1998. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi i-folate ibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni kwengane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Odokotela bathole ukuthi ukuntuleka kwe-folate kungabangela ukukhubazeka okuthile kokuzalwa, ikakhulukazi ukukhubazeka kwe-neural tube njenge-spina bifida. Yingakho emazweni amaningi, i-folate ingezwa ekudleni okuningi esikudlayo, ikakhulukazi okusanhlamvu nelayisi.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-folate deficiency anemia?

Kunabantu abanamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi simo. Bheka ukuthi uwela kulesi sigaba yini:

• Abesifazane abaseminyakeni yokuzala: Izidingo ze-folate ziphezulu kakhulu kwabesifazane abahlela ukukhulelwa, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kanye nokuncelisa.
• Abantu abaphuza utshwala obuningi ngokweqile: Utshwala buphazamisa ikhono lomzimba lokumunca izakhamzimba.
• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala.
• Abantu abanobunzima bezomnotho: Ngoba kunzima ukukhokhela ukudla okunempilo.
• Omama abakhulelwe nabancelisayo.

Yini ebangela i-anemia yokuntuleka kwe-folate?

Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi asitholi i-folate eyanele ekudleni esikudlayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kunezinye izizathu ezivimbela umzimba ekumunceni noma ekusebenziseni i-folate ngendlela efanele:

• Ukulutheka kotshwala ('Inkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala').
• Ukwelashwa nge-dialysis ngenxa yokwehluleka kwezinso.
• Izifo zesistimu yokugaya ukudla, isibonelo, isifo sikaCrohn nesifo se-celiac.
• Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi ethile (isib., kwesifo sokuwa, izifo zamalunga, amanye ama-antibiotic, kanye nemithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba).
• Izimo ezizuzwe njenge-"Hereditary folate malabsorption" (lapho ikhono lomzimba lokumunca i-folate lincipha kusukela ekuzalweni).

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu? Ukubona kanjani?

Ngezinye izikhathi i-anemia yokuntuleka kwe-folate ingaba khona ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Udokotela wakho angayithola kuphela uma uhlolwa igazi ukuze athole okunye.

Kodwa-ke, uma kuvela izimpawu, zingase zihlanganise:

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi (`ukukhathala`): Kunjengokungathi ukukhathala akupheli ngisho nangemva kokulala.
• Ukuzizwa uvilapha futhi ubuthakathaka ngenkathi wenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke.
• Ukuzizwa unesiyezi, uzizwa unesizungu.
• Isikhumba esikhanyayo (`ubumhlophe`): Izindawo ezifana nobuso, izindebe, nezintende zibonakala zimhlophe.
• Ukuzwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha, ukuzwa umsindo oshaya esifubeni sakho, noma ukuzizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho iyagxumagxuma (ukushaya kwenhliziyo).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya): Ukuphelelwa umoya ngisho nemisebenzi emincane.

Lesi sifo sitholakala kanjani ngokunembile?

Uma unalezi zimpawu, kufanele nakanjani ubonane nodokotela. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi akubuze ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nezimpawu. Njengoba izimpawu ze-folate deficiency anemia zifana nezinye izimo eziningi, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlolwe igazi kaningana ukuze uthole ukuthi lokhu kunjalo yini.

Okuyinhloko kwalokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi yile:

• Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC): Lokhu kuhlola izinto eziningi, njengenani lamaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet egazini lakho, kanye nenani le-hemoglobin.
• I-Peripheral blood smear (PBS): Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula yegazi lakho bese ulibheka ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubone kahle ukuthi amangqamuzana egazi anjani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi makhulu noma mancane, nokuthi kukhona yini ukukhubazeka.
• Inani lama-reticulocyte: Ama-reticulocyte amangqamuzana abomvu egazi amancane, angakavuthwa. Lokhu kuhlola kuhlola ukuthi umnkantsha wakho ukhiqiza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anele yini.

Kanye nalezi zivivinyo, udokotela wakho uzohlola namazinga e-folate egazini lakho. Lokhu kuvame ukulinganiswa ngamayunithi abizwa ngokuthi `ama-nanograms nge-milliliter` (`ng/mL`).

• Ukuntuleka: Ngaphansi kwama-nanogram angu-2 nge-milliliter (`< 2 ng/mL`).
• Umngcele: Phakathi kuka-2 no-4 wama-nanogram ngemililitha ngayinye (`2 ng/mL - 4 ng/mL`).
• Kwanele: Kungaphezu kwama-nanogram angu-4 nge-milliliter (`> 4 ng/mL`).

Njengoba ukuntuleka kwe-vitamin B12 kanye nokuntuleka kwe-folate kuvame ukwenzeka ndawonye, ​​udokotela uzohlola nezinga lakho le-vitamin B12.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi, kukhona ukwelashwa kwalokhu, futhi kuphumelele kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ukunikeza izithasiselo ze-vitamin B9.Lezi zivame ukunikezwa njengamaphilisi okuphuza ngomlomo. Kwabanye abantu abanenkinga yokugwinya amaphilisi, anganikezwa futhi njengomjovo, noma nge-intravenously (IV) nge-saline. Lezi zithako zingadinga ukuthathwa njalo izinyanga eziningana.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi ancome izinguquko ekudleni kwakho. Uma ukuntuleka kwe-folate kubangelwa yisimo sezokwelapha esiyisisekelo, kubalulekile ukwelapha leso simo.

Ingabe i-anemia yokuntuleka kwe-folate ingavinjelwa?

Yebo, kungenzeka ngempela. Kulula ukugwema lesi simo uma unakekela lezi zinto:

• Thola umthamo wakho wansuku zonke we-folate, kungaba ngokudla okudlayo noma ngokuthatha isithasiselo esiqukethe i-vitamin B9 (i-folic acid).
• Nciphisa inani lotshwala oluphuzayo, noma uyeke ngokuphelele ukuphuza. Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile kuvimbela umzimba ekumunceni izakhamzimba ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa ne-folate.
• Uma unesifo esithile esivimbela umzimba wakho ekumunceni noma ekusebenziseni i-folate, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaso.

Sidinga i-folate engakanani (i-vitamin B9) ngosuku?

I-vitamin B9 esiyithola ngokwemvelo ekudleni ibizwa ngokuthi i-folate. I-vitamin B9 engezwa ekudleni noma etholakala kumaphilisi e-vitamin ibizwa ngokuthi i-folic acid. Inani le-folate esilidingayo ngosuku lincike ezintweni eziningana:

• Ubudala: Njengoba ukhula, isidingo sakho se-folate siyakhula.
• Umthombo Wokudla: Imizimba yethu imunca i-folic acid kangcono kune-folate ekudleni.

Izibonelelo Zansuku Zonke Ezinconyiwe (RDAs) zichazwa ngama-microgram (mcg), zilinganiswa ngama-Dietary Folate Equivalents (DFE). Lokhu kungase kubonakale kudida kancane, kodwa kulula.

• `1 mcg` ye-folate evela ekudleni ilingana ne-`1 mcg DFE`.
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthola i-folic acid engeziwe ekudleni noma ngamaphilisi amavithamini athathwa ngokudla, i-1 mcg ye-folic acid ilingana ne-1.67 mcg DFE (okusho ukuthi umzimba umunca okuningi).
• I-1 mcg ye-folic acid evela kumaphilisi e-vitamin athathwe esiswini esingenalutho ilingana ne-2 mcg ye-DFE (emuncwa kangcono ngumzimba).

Isibonelo, uma uthatha i-multivitamin ene-`200 mcg` ye-folic acid esiswini esingenalutho, ingabalwa njenge-`400 mcg DFE` (200 mcg x 2 = 400 mcg).

Umuntu omdala ojwayelekile udinga ama-mcg angu-400 e-DFE ngosuku. Abesifazane abakhulelwe badinga ama-mcg angu-600 e-DFE, kanti omama abancelisayo badinga ama-mcg angu-500 e-DFE. Kungcono ukucela udokotela wakho ukuthi akunike inani elifanele.

Yikuphi ukudla okucebile nge-folate?

Ngenhlanhla, kunezinhlobo eziningi zokudla eziyimithombo emihle ye-folate. Zama ukuzifaka ekudleni kwakho:

• Inyama: Isibindi senyama yenkomo (kuningi kwalokhu, kodwa futhi kufanele ucabange nge-cholesterol)
• Imifino eluhlaza kanye namakhambi: Okuluhlaza okufana nesipinashi, i-kale, imifino eluhlaza, i-asparagus, amahlumela aseBrussels, i-avocado, i-broccoli.
• Ukudla okuqinisiwe: Okusanhlamvu okuthile (okusanhlamvu kwasekuseni), ilayisi, isinkwa, i-pasta, ufulawa wesinkwa, ufulawa wommbila. (Hlola ilebula ukuze ubone ukuthi i-folic acid ifakiwe yini.)
• Ubhontshisi: Ubhontshisi wezinso, ubhontshisi wezinso.
• Amantongomane: Amantongomane, ama-walnuts.
• Izithelo: Izithelo ze-citrus ezifana nama-oranges nama-tangerine kanye namajusi azo.

Khumbula: I-folate ingabhujiswa uma lokhu kudla kuphekwa isikhathi eside, njengalapho kuphekwa emanzini. Ngakho-ke kuphekeni kancane ngangokunokwenzeka, noma kufake ekudleni kwakho uma kungadliwa kungaphekiwe (kuhlanzwe kahle).

Ingabe lesi simo sizophulukiswa uma selashwa?

Cishe yebo! Ukwelashwa kwe-anemia yokuntuleka kwe-folate kuvame ukuphumelela kakhulu. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala izithasiselo ze-vitamin B9, abantu abaningi baqala ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anempilo futhi, futhi izimpawu zabo ziyathuthuka kancane kancane.

Kufanele ukhulume nini nodokotela mayelana ne-folate deficiency anemia?

Qiniseka ukuthi ufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ezimweni ezinjengalezi:

• Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi udinga i-folate engakanani ngosuku, noma uma uthola eyanele.
• Uma unezimpawu ze-anemia (njengokukhathala, ubuthakathaka, nokuphelelwa umoya).
• Uma unesinye isimo sezokwelapha esingabangela ukuntuleka kwe-folate.
• Uma uke welashwa nge-folate deficiency anemia ngaphambilini futhi uzizwa sengathi izimpawu zakho ziyabuya.
• Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa, noma usuvele ukhulelwe. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu!

Kungaba yinto edidayo kancane ukuzwa ukuthi unenkinga ngamaseli akho egazi. Kodwa khumbula, izimpawu ziyindlela yomzimba wakho yokukutshela ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle. Kungaba ukuthi udinga ukudla okulinganiselayo, noma kungaba yisimo sezokwelapha esiyimfihlo. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuthola imbangela. Bazokunikeza nezithasiselo ze-vitamin B9 kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha uma kudingeka. Ngokwelashwa okufanele nokulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho, izimpawu zakho cishe zizothuthuka.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, nansi eminye yemibono okufanele uyikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho:

• I-Folate (i-vitamin B9) iyisakhi esibalulekile ekwakheni amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anempilo.
• Ukuntuleka kwe-folate kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwamangqamuzana abomvu amakhulu, angajwayelekile (ama-megaloblast), okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwegazi.
• Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nokukhathala okuqhubekayo, ubuthakathaka, isikhumba esikhanyayo, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula, bona udokotela.
• Faka ukudla okucebile nge-folate (imifino, imifino eluhlaza, amantongomane, ukudla okune-folate eyengeziwe) ekudleni kwakho.
• Abesifazane abakhulelwe, abancelisayo, kanye nabesifazane abazama ukukhulelwa kufanele baqaphele kakhulu nge-folate. Thatha amaphilisi e-folic acid njengoba kunqunywe udokotela wakho.
• Ngokuvamile lesi simo singalapheka ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa.

Ngakho-ke, nakekela umzimba wakho. Yidla ukudla okunempilo. Uma unezinkinga, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela. Ukuhlala uphilile kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu!

I - Folate, i-anemia, i-vitamin B9, ukuntuleka kwegazi, amaseli abomvu egazi, ukuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco, impilo yokukhulelwa