Ingabe ingane yakho ikhula ngokushesha kakhulu? Ake sifunde nge-gigantism!

Ngezinye izikhathi izingane zethu zikhula ngokushesha kakhulu, akunjalo? Kodwa akuvamile ukuthi zikhule zinde kakhulu kunezinye izingane ngokuzumayo, zinezitho ezinkulu. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yesimo esingavamile kakhulu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esinjalo, 'i-Gigantism'.

Kuyini 'i-Gigantism'?

Kalula nje, i-gigantism yisimo esingavamile lapho ingane noma umuntu osemusha ekhiqiza i-hormone yokukhula (GH) eningi kakhulu. Yingakho laba bantwana bekhula bebade kakhulu kunabanye. Ngokuvamile, le hormone yokukhula (GH) ikhiqizwa yindlala encane, engangobhontshisi etholakala phansi kobuchopho bethu. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-pituitary gland. Kodwa-ke, uma kuvela isimila esincane kule ndlala ye-pituitary, singakhiqiza i-hormone yokukhula (GH) eningi kunalokho okudingekayo. Yilapho-ke kwenzeka khona i-gigantism.

I-Pituitary Gland iyi-gland encane etholakala phansi kobuchopho, ngaphansi kwe-Hypothalamus. Empeleni ikhipha ama-hormone angaba ngu-8. I-Growth Hormone (GH) ingenye yawo.

I-Growth Hormone, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Human Growth Hormone (hGH), ibalulekile ekukhuleni kwezingane. Ithinta izingxenye eziningi zomzimba futhi isiza ingane ukuthi ikhule kahle. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ezithile zama-growth plates emathanjeni ethu abizwa ngokuthi ama-Epiphyses/Growth Plates, futhi uma esevalwe ngokuphelele (okungukuthi ngemva kokuthomba), i-growth hormone (GH) ayikhulisi ubude. Ekwenzayo ukugcina isakhiwo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamathambo, i-cartilage, nezinye izitho zomzimba. Le-growth hormone (GH) ihlobene kakhulu ne-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1), ekhiqizwa yisibindi sethu. Ndawonye, ​​lezi ezimbili zisiza ekukhuleni kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamathambo.

I-Gigantism yisimo lapho umzimba ukhiqiza khona i-hormone yokukhula (GH) eningi kakhulu, okubangela imisipha, amathambo, kanye nezicubu ezixhumeneyo ukuthi zikhule ngokushesha. Lokhu kuholela ekuphakameni okungavamile kanye nezinguquko eziningana ezicutshini ezithambile zomzimba. Uma zingelashwa, abanye abantu abane-gigantism bangakhula babe ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-2.5 ubude.

Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola lesi sifo bese uqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu uma kwenzeka i-gigantism.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-'Gigantism' kanye ne-'Acromegaly'?

I-Gigantism kanye ne-acromegaly zombili ziyizimo ezibangelwa yi-hormone yokukhula ngokweqile (GH). Umehluko ukuthi ubani oyitholayo. I-Acromegaly ithinta abantu abadala. I-Gigantism ithinta izingane kanye nabantu abadala abasebasha abasakhula, okungukuthi, abangakafiki esikhathini sokuthomba.

Kalula nje, i-gigantism yenzeka lapho amazinga e-growth hormone (GH) ekhuphuka ngaphambi kokuba ama-growth plates emathanjeni ezingane avaleke (okungukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba ukuthomba kuphele).

Uma amazinga akho e-growth hormone (GH) enyuka ngemva kokuba ama-growth plate akho evaliwe, kungabangela i-acromegaly. Ngeke ukhule ube mude, kodwa i-GH eningi kakhulu ingathinta ukuma kwamathambo akho, usayizi wezitho zakho, kanye nezinye izimo zempilo.

I-Gigantism iyisimo esingavamile kakhulu kune-acromegaly.

Ubani othola ubugigantism? Kuvamile kangakanani lokhu?

Nakuba lesi kuyisimo esingavamile kakhulu, i-gigantism ingakhula kunoma yimuphi umntwana onama-growth plate angakavali (okungukuthi, akakaqedi ukuthomba). Kuvame kakhulu kubafana kunamantombazane.

I-Gigantism empeleni iyisimo esingavamile kakhulu. Isibonelo, amacala angaba yi-100 kuphela abikiwe e-United States kuze kube manje. Ngakho ungacabanga ukuthi kuyivelakancane kangakanani.

Ukukhula okuvamile kwenzeka kanjani ezinganeni? Uyini umehluko nge-gigantism?

I-hormone yokukhula (GH) yiyo elawula ukukhula ngesikhathi sobuntwana. Okusho ukuthi, ilawula imetabolism ngenkathi ibangela ukukhula okulinganiselwe emathanjeni, emisipheni, nasezicutshini. Ngokuvamile, ukukhula kuyinqubo ezinzile kuze kube yilapho ingane ifinyelela ebusheni.

Ngesikhathi sokuthomba, ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone ocansi (i-estrogen ne-testosterone) kuyanda kakhulu. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ama-epiphyses (amapuleti okukhula) ekugcineni kwamathambo amade engane avale kancane kancane. Lapho ama-epiphyses evala ngokuphelele, okungukuthi, lapho ukuthomba sekuphelile, ukukhula kobude kuyayeka.

Ukuthi ingane ikhula ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi ubude bayo bokugcina buzoba bunjani ngemva kokufika esikhathini sokuthomba kunqunywa inhlanganisela yezakhi zofuzo eziningana ezizuza kubazali bazo, izici zemvelo, kanye nobulili babo.

Uma kwenzeka i-gigantism, ingane ikhula ngokushesha kakhulu, futhi iphakeme kakhulu kunezinye izingane ezineminyaka efanayo nobulili obufanayo. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu ze-gigantism ekuqaleni zingabonakala njengokukhula okuvamile kobuntwana, okwenza kube nzima ngabazali ukukubona.

Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka mayelana nezinga lokukhula kwengane yakho, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wayo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-gigantism?

I-Gigantism ibangelwa ukwanda kwe-hormone yokukhula (GH). Futhi, isimila esise-pituitary gland singacindezela ubuchopho obuseduze kanye nezicubu zezinzwa, okubangela ezinye izimpawu. Uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-gigantism ukukhula ngokweqile.Izingane ezine-gigantism zikhula ngokushesha kakhulu ngobude.

Ngaphezu kokuba mude kakhulu/mkhulu kunobudala bomuntu, izici zomzimba ezibonakala ku-gigantism zifaka:

• Ibunzi elivelele kakhulu kanye nomhlathi ovelele.
• Ukuba nezikhala phakathi kwamazinyo.
• Ukuqina kwezici zobuso.
• Izandla nezinyawo ezinkulu, neminwe ewugqinsi.

Ezinye izimpawu ezingase zibonakale zifaka:

• Ukwanda kwezitho zangaphakathi, ikakhulukazi inhliziyo yengane.
• Ukujuluka ngokweqile (i-hyperhidrosis).
• Ukubona kabili noma ubunzima ngokubona okuseceleni.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu.
• Ubuhlungu bamalunga.
• Ukuthomba okulibazisekile.
• Ukuya esikhathini okungajwayelekile.
• Izinkinga zokulala, isibonelo, i-sleep apnea.
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha.

Uma ingane yakho inalezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela ngokushesha okukhulu.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-gigantism?

I-Gigantism ivame ukubangelwa isimila esingenabungozi (i-pituitary adenoma) endlaleni ye-pituitary yengane. Lokhu kubangela ukukhishwa ngokweqile kwe-growth hormone (GH). Lapho izingane ezine-gigantism zitholakala, cishe njalo ziba ne-pituitary adenoma enkulu (isimila esingu-10 mm noma ngaphezulu), esibizwa ngokuthi i-macroadenoma. I-Gigantism ingabangelwa futhi ukwanda kwe-pituitary gland, ebizwa ngokuthi i-pituitary hyperplasia.

Izingane eziningi ezine-gigantism zine-genetic mutation ebangela isimila se-pituitary. I-genetic mutation evame kakhulu ehlotshaniswa ne-gigantism ukuguquka noma ukususwa kwe-AIP gene. Lokhu kuthinta cishe abantu abangu-29% abane-gigantism.

I-Gigantism ingenzeka futhi njengengxenye yezifo eziningi ezingavamile kakhulu zofuzo ezandisa ingozi yokuba nesimila se-pituitary esikhipha i-growth hormone (GH). Ezinye zalezi zinkinga zifaka:

• I-Carney complex: Lesi yisimo sofuzo esithinta umbala wesikhumba futhi sibangele izimila ezingengozini zesikhumba, inhliziyo, kanye nohlelo lwe-endocrine. Cishe abantu abayi-10% kuya ku-13% abane-Carney complex bathuthukisa ama-pituitary adenomas akhipha i-hormone yokukhula (GH), avame ukukhula kancane.
• I-McCune-Albright syndrome:Lesi yisimo sofuzo esithinta amathambo, isikhumba, kanye nesistimu ye-endocrine. Sibangela amabala e-café-au-lait esikhumbeni, izicubu ezibomvu emathanjeni, kanye nokuthomba ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Abantu abangu-20% kuya ku-30% abane-McCune-Albright syndrome bane-hormone yokukhula ngokweqile (GH). Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukwanda (hyperplasia) kwe-pituitary gland, noma i-pituitary adenoma.
• Izinhlobo eziningi ze-Endocrine Neoplasias (MEN) 1 noma 4: Lezi yizimo zofuzo. Kulesi simo, eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kwezindlala zakho ze-endocrine zisebenza ngokweqile, noma kuvela isimila. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi isimila se-pituitary esikhipha i-growth hormone (GH).
• I-Neurofibromatosis: Lesi yisimo sofuzo esibizwa ngokuthi izifo ze-neurocutaneous. Lokhu kuthinta isikhumba kanye nesistimu yezinzwa. Lezi zimo zibangelwa ukwanda okungavamile kokukhula kwamaseli. Lokhu kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwamathumba emzimbeni wonke. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi isimila esikhipha i-hormone yokukhula (GH).
• Ama-Familial Isolated Pituitary Adenomas (FIPA): Lesi yisimo esizuzwa njengefa. Sihilela ukuthuthukiswa kwama-pituitary adenomas. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ama-growth hormone (GH)-secreting adenomas.

Itholakala kanjani i-gigantism?

I-Gigantism ingaba nzima ukuyixilonga ngoba iyisimo esingavamile kakhulu, futhi ngoba izinga lokukhula kwezingane lingahluka kakhulu ngenxa yezici zofuzo kanye nezemvelo.

Ngokuvamile, odokotela basola ukuthi ukuphakama kwengane kuyiziphambeko ezintathu ezijwayelekile ngaphezu kokuphakama okujwayelekile ngokobulili nobudala bayo, noma iziphambeko ezimbili ezijwayelekile ngaphezu kokuphakama okujwayelekile okubalwa kusukela ekuphakameni kwabazali bengane.

Uma udokotela wengane yakho esola ukuthi ingane yakho ine-gigantism, cishe uzokudlulisela kudokotela we-endocrinologist (udokotela ogxile ezifweni ezihlobene nama-hormone). Udokotela uzokwenza ukuxilongwa ngokusekelwe emlandweni wezokwelapha wengane yakho, umlando wezokwelapha womndeni, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba okuphelele, kanye nokuhlolwa okukhethekile njengokuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwezithombe.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga i-gigantism?

Uma udokotela wengane yakho esola ukuthi ine-gigantism, kungenziwa izivivinyo ezilandelayo ukuqinisekisa isimo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-Growth Hormone kanye ne-IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1): Lokhu kuhlolwa kulinganisa amazinga ama-hormone ahlukahlukene kusampula yegazi ethathwe emthanjeni wengane. Uma amazinga ephakeme kunokuvamile, kungaba uphawu lwe-gigantism.
• Ukuhlolwa Kokubekezelela I-glucose: Lokhu kuhlolwa kulinganisa ukuthi amazinga e-hormone yokukhula kwengane asabela kahle kangakanani ku-glucose. Kulokhu kuhlolwa, udokotela uthatha amasampula egazi emthanjeni ngezikhathi ezahlukene ngemva kokuba ingane iphuze isisombululo se-glucose (ushukela).
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ine-gigantism, udokotela wakho uvame ukuncoma ukuthi kwenziwe i-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) noma i-CT (Computed Tomography). Lokhu kungabona ngokucacile usayizi nendawo yesimila se-pituitary. Kungasiza futhi ekunqumeni ukwelashwa okuqondile okudingekayo.

Uma ingane yakho itholakale ine-gigantism, udokotela angenza ezinye izivivinyo ukuze abone ukuthi lesi simo sithinte yini ezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Lezi zivivinyo zingafaka:

• I-echocardiogram yokuhlola izinkinga zenhliziyo.
• Ukuhlolwa kocwaningo lokulala ukuze kubonakale ukuthi une-sleep apnea.
• Ama-X-ray noma i-DEXA/DXA scan ukuhlola impilo yamathambo akho.

Iphathwa kanjani i-gigantism?

Izinhloso eziyinhloko zokwelapha i-gigantism yilezi:

• Ukulawula ngokuphephile amazinga 'okukhula' (GH) kanye 'namazinga okukhula afana ne-insulin' (IGF1).
• Ukuphatha ukukhula 'kwesimila se-pituitary'.
• Ukunciphisa umthelela wesimila se-pituitary ezicutshini zobuchopho eziseduze kanye ne-optic nerve.
• Ukwelapha noma ukunciphisa imiphumela ye-growth hormone (GH) kwezinye izinhlelo zomzimba.

Odokotela bavame ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yezindlela zokwelapha i-gigantism , kanti ukuhlinzwa kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe kuyizindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko.

Nakuba kunemithi ephumelelayo yokwelapha ukwanda kwe-hormone yokukhula (GH) kubantu abadala (i-acromegaly), imiphumela yale mithi ezinganeni ayikakafundwa kahle.

Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Gigantism

Ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela yokwelapha evame kakhulu ye-gigantism. Umgomo uwukususa isimila se-pituitary noma ukunciphisa usayizi waso. Ngenxa yokuthi isimila se-pituitary esibangela i-gigantism sivame ukuba sikhulu, ingane kungadingeka ukuthi ihlinzwe kaningi ukuze ilawule ngempumelelo amazinga e-growth hormone (GH).

Udokotela ohlinzayo wengane yakho angase asebenzise inqubo yokuhlinzwa ebizwa ngokuthi i-transsphenoidal surgery ukuze kususwe isimila se-pituitary. Lokhu kuhilela ukwenza ukuhlinzwa ngekhala lengane yakho nange-sphenoid sinus (umgodi osekhanda ngemuva komgodi wekhala, ngaphansi kobuchopho).

Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe Kwe-Gigantism

Uma ukuhlinzwa kwehluleka ukunciphisa amazinga e-growth hormone, ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungasiza. Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa imishini ekhethekile ukukhomba imisebe yemisebe esigaxeni. Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza kancane. Kungadinga ukwelashwa okuningana, kube nezikhathi zokuphumula ezinde phakathi. Kungathatha futhi iminyaka eminingana ukubona imiphumela ephelele.

Yiziphi izinkinga zokwelashwa?

Ngenxa yokuhlinzwa kanye/noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe, cishe abantu abangu-60% abane-gigantism baba nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hypopituitarism ngemva kokwelashwa. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-hormone eyodwa, eziningana, noma zonke ezikhiqizwa yi-pituitary gland zikhiqizwa kancane. I-Hypopituitarism yelashwa ngemithi yokufaka esikhundleni sama-hormone.

Izinkinga ezingase zivele ngokuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isimila se-pituitary zifaka:

• Ukopha.
• Ukuvuza kwe-Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF).
• I-Meningitis (umkhuhlane wobuchopho).
• Ukulahlekelwa yi-sodium (usawoti) kanye nebhalansi yamanzi emzimbeni.

Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngemisebe ingafaka:

• Ukukhubazeka Kokuzala.
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono kanye nokulimala kobuchopho (okungavamile).
• Ukwakheka kwesimila eminyakeni eminingana ngemva kokwelashwa (okungavamile).

Ingabe i-gigantism ingavinjelwa? Kuyini ukubikezela?

Ngeshwa, akukho ongakwenza ukuvimbela i-gigantism. Kodwa-ke, ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kubalulekile. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekuvimbeleni noma ekuguquleni izinguquko ezibangela ukuba ingane yakho ibe yinde kakhulu.

Ukubikezela kwezingane kanye nabantu abadala abatholakale benesifo se-gigantism kuncike ezintweni eziningana:

• Ukuthi lesi sifo satholakala nini noma nini.
• Zisebenza kahle kangakanani izindlela zokwelapha zokuphatha amazinga e-hormone yokukhula?
• Ingabe kukhona izinkinga ezihlobene ne-gigantism.

Ngokuvamile, abantu asebekhulile abaxilongwayo bavame ukuba nezinkinga eziningi kunalabo abaxilongwa besebancane. Lokhu kungenzeka kungenxa yokuchayeka isikhathi eside ku-growth hormone kanye ne-insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1).

Ngakho-ke, uma ubona izinguquko ezingajwayelekile, ezingalindelekile ekukhuleni kwengane yakho kanye/noma ezicini zayo zomzimba, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wayo ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ingakanani iminyaka yokuphila komuntu one-gigantism? Yiziphi izinkinga zesikhathi eside?

Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kwe-gigantism kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuphakama ngokweqile kanye nezinkinga ezihambisana nakho nokwandisa isikhathi sokuphila.

Uma ingelashwa, i-gigantism ihlotshaniswa nezinkinga ezinkulu futhi izinga lokufa lingaphindeka kabili kunejwayelekile.

Izinkinga zesikhathi eside abanye abantu abane-gigantism ababhekana nazo ngenxa yokuphakama kwabo ngokweqile kanye nomphumela wokuba nama-hormone okukhula amaningi kakhulu zifaka:

• Ubunzima bokuhambahamba (Ukunyakaza) ngenxa yobuthakathaka bemisipha.
• I-Osteoarthritis (ukuvuvukala kwamalunga).
• I-Peripheral Neuropathy (izinkinga zemizwa ye-peripheral).
• 'Ukuphelelwa Umoya Kokulala'.
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo ezikhulisiwe (i-cardiomegaly) kanye ne-valve yenhliziyo.
• Izinkinga ze-metabolic ezifana nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhwalithi yokuphila kwabantu abane-gigantism engalashwa ingancishiswa ngenxa yezinkinga zemisebenzi yansuku zonke njengokuthenga izingubo nokuhamba ngenxa yokuba bade kakhulu.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela wengane yakho mayelana nokudla okune-gigantism?

Uma ingane yakho itholakale ine-gigantism, kuzodingeka ibone udokotela wayo kanye/noma i-endocrinologist njalo ukuze iqaphe inqubekela phambili yokwelashwa futhi iqinisekise ukuthi amazinga ayo ama-hormone alungile.

Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingeni lokukhula kwengane yakho kanye/noma izici zomzimba, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wengane yakho ngokushesha okukhulu. Nakuba i-gigantism ingenakwenzeka ukuthi ibe yimbangela, kufanelekile ukuphenya noma yiziphi izinguquko ezisolisayo. I-Gigantism itholakala kangcono kusenesikhathi, futhi abantu abane-gigantism bavame ukuphila impilo enempilo. Uma unemibuzo mayelana nokukhula kwengane yakho, ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho. Bakhona ukukusiza.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Gigantism yisimo esingavamile kodwa esingaba yingozi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ubona noma yini engavamile noma esolisayo mayelana nokukhula kwengane yakho, njengokukhula ngokushesha kunokulindelekile noma ukuba nezitho ezinkulu.

Khumbula, ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kwandisa kakhulu amathuba okuba ingane yakho iphile impilo enempilo nejwayelekile. Ungakhathazeki, odokotela bakhona ukukusiza wena nengane yakho. Khuluma nabo nganoma yiziphi izinkinga ongase ube nazo.

I- Gigantism, i-Growth Hormone, i-Pituitary Gland, Ukukhula Kwabantwana, Ukuphakama Kokuphakama, i-Acromegaly