Ingabe wena noma othile emndenini wakho ubhekana nekhanda elibuhlungu elingapheli, izinguquko zokubona, noma ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo? Ngezinye izikhathi sicabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyinto evamile bese singakunaki. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yizibonakaliso eziyisixwayiso ezinkulu ezivela emizimbeni yethu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngolunye uhlobo lomdlavuza wobuchopho oluyingozi nolukhula ngokushesha. Lubizwa ngokuthi i-glioblastoma, noma i-GBM ngamafuphi. Ukuzwa leli gama kungaba yinto eyesabekayo, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuliqaphela .
Kalula nje, iyini i-glioblastoma (GBM)?
I-Glioblastoma (GBM) uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesimila sobuchopho esiyingozi kubantu abadala. Iqala ohlotsheni lweseli elibizwa ngamaseli e-glial ebuchosheni bethu kanye nasentanjeni yomgogodla. Ngokukhethekile, ohlotsheni lweseli le-glial elibizwa ngama-astrocytes .
Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi ziyini lezi zinkanyezi. Cabanga ngamaseli ethu ezinzwa njengezikhulu eziyinhloko ebuchosheni bethu. Futhi lezi zinkanyezi zifana nabasebenzi abasekelayo abasiza lawo masosha amakhulu ukuba enze umsebenzi wawo, abanikeze ukudla okunempilo, futhi abavikele. Ngakho-ke, lapho la maseli asekelayo ephenduka amangqamuzana omdlavuza, lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-glioblastoma siyenzeka.
Into eyingozi kakhulu ngalo mdlavuza ukuthi la maseli omdlavuza akhula futhi aphindaphindeke ngokushesha okukhulu . Njengokhula, la maseli asakazeka ngokushesha futhi aqale ukulimaza ezinye izingxenye ezinempilo zobuchopho nomgogodla. Kodwa isikhathi esiningi, lo mdlavuza awuvamile ukusakazeka ngaphandle kobuchopho nomgogodla.
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?
Izimpawu ze-glioblastoma zivame ukuqala ukuvela ngokushesha kakhulu . Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isimila sikhula ngokushesha ngaphakathi kobuchopho, sibeka ingcindezi enkulu ebuchosheni. Siqala nokubhubhisa izicubu zobuchopho ezinempilo. Ake sibheke izimpawu.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu | Akufani nekhanda elivamile, kodwa ikhanda eliba libi kakhulu usuku nosuku futhi libonakala kakhulu uma uvuka ekuseni. |
| Izinkinga zokubona | Umbono ofiphele, ukubona izinto ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa (umbono ophindwe kabili). |
| Izinkinga zememori | Ukukhohlwa izehlakalo zakamuva, ubunzima bokukhumbula amagama. |
| Izinguquko ebuntwini noma esimweni sengqondo | Izinguquko eziphawulekayo, njengokuthukuthela ngokuzumayo, ukucasuka, noma ukungabi nandaba nanoma yini. |
| Ubunzima bokukhuluma | Ukukhubeka ngamazwi, ubunzima bokuthola igama elifanele. |
| Ukuquleka | Ukuqala ngokuzumayo kokuxhuzula kumuntu ongakaze abe nokuxhuzula ngaphambili. |
| Ubuthakathaka bomzimba | Ukuba ndikindiki noma ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba (ingalo noma umlenze), ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi lapho uhamba. |
| Isicanucanu nokuhlanza | Ukucanuzela nokuhlanza okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile. |
Yini ebangela i-glioblastoma?
Abacwaningi abakakwazi ukuthola imbangela ethile yalokhu, kodwa, njengezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wobuchopho, kukholakala ukuthi imbangela eyinhloko izinguquko ku-DNA yethu.
Kalula nje, izakhi zofuzo zethu zifana "nencwadi yemiyalelo" etshela amangqamuzana emzimbeni wethu ukuthi aziphathe kanjani nokuthi akhule kanjani. Uma kukhona ushintsho noma ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kule ncwadi yemiyalelo, okungukuthi, ku-DNA, imiyalelo enikezwe amangqamuzana ayilungile. Khona-ke lawo maseli aqala ukuhlukana futhi aphindaphindeke ngendlela engalawuleki, njengokuhlanya. Yileyo ndlela amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhula ngayo.
Ingabe lesi isifo esizuzwe njengefa?
Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. Ezinye izinguquko zofuzo esizizuza kubazali bethu. Kodwa endabeni ye-glioblastoma, amathuba okuthola ifa aphansi kakhulu . Esikhathini esiningi, lezi zinguquko ze-DNA zenzeka ngokungahleliwe phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwethu.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo?
Nakuba i-glioblastoma ingakhula kunoma yimuphi ubudala, ivame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-45 no-70. Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuxilongwa sicishe sibe ngu-64. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici ezilandelayo zingandisa ingozi yakho:
- Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali ahlukahlukene: Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezintweni ezifana nezibulala-zinambuzane, uphethiloli, irabha yokwenziwa, kanye ne-vinyl chloride.
- Izimo zofuzo: Ezinye izimo zofuzo zingandisa ingozi yalo mdlavuza. Isibonelo, izimo ezifana ne -neurofibromatosis, i-Li-Fraumeni syndrome, kanye ne-Turcot syndrome .
- Ukwelashwa ngemisebe ekhanda ngaphambilini: Uma uke wathola ukwelashwa ngemisebe ekhanda ngenxa yesinye isimo, ingozi yakho ye-GBM esikhathini esizayo ingase ikhuphuke kancane.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma unezimpawu ezishiwo ngenhla, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha . Udokotela uzoqala ngokukubuza ngezimpawu zakho bese enza ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa . Lokhu kuzohlola ibhalansi yakho, ukusabela, umbono, kanye nokuzwa.
Uma kusolwa ukuthi unesimila sobuchopho, udokotela wakho uzokudlulisela ukuze uhlolwe okulandelayo:
1. I-MRI noma i-CT scan: Lezi zithombe zingathatha izithombe ezinemininingwane yobuchopho. Zingasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi kukhona yini isimila sobuchopho, uma sikhona, ukuthi sikuphi, nokuthi sikhulu kangakanani.
2. I-Biopsy: Ngemva kokuba isimila siqinisekiswe nge-scan, lokhu kuhlolwa kubalulekile ukuze wazi kahle ukuthi sinomdlavuza noma cha, nokuthi siluhlobo luni. Lapha, ingxenye encane kakhulu yezicubu isuswa ngokuhlinzwa esimila bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
I-Glioblastoma umdlavuza wesigaba sesi-4. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlobo lomdlavuza olukhula ngokushesha kakhulu nolunolaka. Lungaqala ngqo kumaseli e-glial (i-Primary GBM) noma lungavela esimila esivele sikhona, esisezingeni eliphansi esiba nolaka kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (i-Secondary GBM).
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-glioblastoma?
Lo mdlavuza kunzima kakhulu ukuwulapha. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezahlukahlukene ezingalawula izimpawu, zandise impilo, futhi zithuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphila. Uhlelo lokwelashwa lunqunywa yithimba lodokotela. Kuncike ezintweni eziningi, njengobukhulu besimila, indawo yaso, ubudala besiguli, kanye nempilo iyonke.
Izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko ziyinhlanganisela yokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye ne-chemotherapy.
| Indlela yokwelapha | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlinzwa (Ukuhlinzwa - I-Craniotomy) | Ukususa isimila somdlavuza ngokuphephile ngangokunokwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, kuye ngokuthi sitholakalaphi isimila, kungase kungenzeki ukusisusa ngokuphelele. |
| Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe | Kusetshenziswa ama-X-ray anamandla amakhulu ukubhubhisa noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele. Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukunikezwa nsuku zonke cishe amasonto ayisithupha. |
| Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali | Ukunikeza umzimba imithi ebulala umdlavuza. Le mithi ihamba egazini futhi ibulale amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ivame ukunikezwa kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe. |
| Izinkambu Zokwelapha Isimila (TTF) | Indlela yesimanje esebenzisa ama-electrode anamathele ekhanda ukuze aqondise amasimu kagesi anamandla aphansi kumdlavuza, amise ukuhlukana kwamaseli omdlavuza. |
| Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe | Izidakamizwa ezihlasela futhi zihlasele izinguquko ezithile zofuzo ezisiza amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuba akhule. |
| Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy | Ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba wethu nokwenza ukuthi alwe namaseli omdlavuza. |
| Ukunakekelwa Kwe-Palliative | Esikhundleni sokwelapha umdlavuza, kuwukunakekelwa okukhethekile okusiza isiguli ukuthi silawule izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu kanye nesicanucanu, sinikeze impumuzo yengqondo, futhi sisize sihlale sikhululekile. |
Yini engathiwa ngokuphila nalesi sifo? (Isibikezelo)
Lesi yisihloko esinzima ukukhuluma ngaso. I-Glioblastoma iyisimo esibi kakhulu . Uma singelashwa, lesi sifo singaholela ekufeni zingakapheli izinyanga ezimbalwa sitholakale.
Kodwa-ke, izindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe zanamuhla zivumela iziguli ukulawula izimpawu zazo, ziphile impilo ekhululekile, futhi zandise nokuphila kwazo ngandlela thile.
Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukulawula izimpawu nokusiza abantu baphile ngokunethezeka ngangokunokwenzeka isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ngokwesilinganiso, abantu abaningi baphila phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-12 neziyi-18 ngemva kokutholakala benalesi sifo. Izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu liphansi kakhulu ngo-5%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu aba-5 kuphela kwabayi-100 abatholakala benalesi sifo abazosinda iminyaka emi-5. Nakuba lezi zibalo zibuhlungu, lezi ziyisilinganiso nje. Isimo somuntu ngamunye singase sihluke. Futhi, izivivinyo zemitholampilo zenziwa njalo emhlabeni wonke ukuthola izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha zalesi sifo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba nethemba ngekusasa.
Uma kufanele nakanjani ubonane nodokotela
Uma uqhubeka nokuba nesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, sicela ungazinaki. Bona udokotela ngokushesha .
- Uma unezinkinga zenkumbulo ezisobala.
- Uma ukuxhuzula kwenzeka ngokuzumayo.
- Uma ubhekene nekhanda elibuhlungu noma izinkinga zokubona eziba zimbi kakhulu usuku nosuku.
- Uma wehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu noma unesicanucanu/ukuhlanza okuqhubekayo.
- Uma kukhona ushintsho olukhulu ebuntwini bakho noma ekuziphatheni kwakho olubonakala ngisho nakwabanye.
- Uma ubuthakathaka obukhula kancane kancane, ukungabi namizwa, noma ubunzima bokukhuluma ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Glioblastoma (GBM) uhlobo lomdlavuza wobuchopho olukhula ngokushesha kakhulu futhi olunolaka.
- Ungazinaki izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bekhanda obukhulu, ukushintsha kombono, ukuquleka, noma izinguquko zobuntu. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
- Nakuba lesi sifo singelapheki ngokuphelele, ukwelashwa okufana nokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye ne-chemotherapy kungalawula izimpawu futhi kwandise impilo.
- Kulolu hlobo lokugula, ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo kubaluleke kakhulu kokubili esigulini nasemndenini. Ngakho-ke khuluma ngemizwa yakho nodokotela wakho, umndeni, kanye nabangani omethembayo.
- Ucwaningo ngemithi emisha luyaqhubeka, ngakho ungalilahli ithemba. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngazo zonke izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo kanye nezivivinyo zemitholampilo.
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