Wake waphawula ukuthi lapho othile emndenini wakho, mhlawumbe ubaba wakho, umama, noma ugogo wakho, eqala ukusho amazwi akhe ngokuzumayo, enenkinga yokuthola amagama afanele okuwasho? Noma wake wazizwa sengathi lokho akushoyo akunangqondo, akuhambisani? Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-aphasia ngokwezokwelapha. Akuyona inkinga ehlobene nobuhlakani. Kalula nje, kuyinkinga yokuxhumana eyenzeka lapho kunomonakalo ezingxenyeni zobuchopho bethu ezilawula ulimi nenkulumo.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-aphasia?
Ubunzima be-aphasia bungahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Abanye abantu bangase bathinteke kancane, kanti abanye bangase bathinteke kakhulu. Umuntu onohlobo lwe-aphasia oluncane angase akwazi ukukhuluma ngendlela evamile kodwa angase abe nobunzima bokuthola amagama afanele. Kodwa-ke, umuntu onohlobo lwe-aphasia olunzima angase angakwazi ukukhuluma noma ukuqonda lokho abanye abakushoyo.
Ake sibheke ezinye izici ezivamile.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo Elula |
|---|---|
| Ubunzima bokukhuluma | Uma kukhulunywa, amagama ayaphambana futhi imisho ayikwazi ukuqedwa. |
| Ubunzima bokuthola amagama | Ngisho noma kukhona engifuna ukukusho ekhanda lami, angikhumbuli amagama aqondile. |
| Ukusetshenziswa okungafanele kwamagama | Esikhundleni segama elilodwa, kufundwa igama elihlukile ngokuphelele, elingafanele. |
| Ubunzima bokuqonda lokho abanye abakushoyo | Kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi umuntu uthini uma ekhuluma, ikakhulukazi endaweni enabantu abaningi. |
| Ubunzima bokubhala nokufunda | Angikwazi ukuhlanganisa imisho uma ngibhala, futhi kunzima ukuqonda okubhaliwe. |
| Izinkinga ekusebenziseni izinombolo | Kuba nzima ukubala izinombolo ezilula nokusebenzisa izinombolo. |
Into ebalulekile ukuthi i-aphasia ayiphazamisi ukuhlakanipha komuntu, ulwazi, noma inkumbulo. Iyinkinga ethinta kuphela ikhono lokusebenzisa ulimi.
Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-aphasia?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-aphasia. Lezi zinhlobo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi umonakalo uphi ebuchosheni. Ake sixoxe kafushane ngezinhlobo ezimbalwa eziyinhloko.
Okokuqala, lezi zingahlukaniswa zibe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- I-Flu ENT Aphasia: Kulolu hlobo, isiguli singakhuluma ngemisho. Kodwa leyo misho ingase ingabi nangqondo. Ngezinye izikhathi, ingase ifake amagama angenamsebenzi futhi ikhulume imisho emide.
- I-Aphasia Engaphumi Kakhulu: Kulolu hlobo, inkulumo inzima kakhulu, igama negama. Imisho imfushane kakhulu. Kodwa amagama akhulunywayo angase abe nencazelo.
Manje ake sibheke ezinye izinhlobo ezithile:
I-Expressive Aphasia (i-Broca's aphasia)
Okwenzekayo kuleli cala ukuthi unombono ocacile walokho ofuna ukukusho ekhanda lakho, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukukubeka ngamazwi bese ukusho ngokuzwakalayo noma ukukubhala phansi. Kuzwakala sengathi amagama anamathele.
I-Aphasia Yokwamukela (i-Wernicke's aphasia)
Lokhu kwenzeka lapho unenkinga yokuqonda okushiwo abanye abantu noma okusencwadini. Uzwa othile ekhuluma, kodwa incazelo yamagama ibonakala ingafinyeleli engqondweni yakho. Ngezinye izikhathi awuqondi ngisho nencazelo yalokho okushoyo.
I-Aphasia Yomhlaba Wonke
Lolu uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwe-aphasia. Ngokuvamile luvela ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi . Kunzima kakhulu ngalaba bantu ukukhuluma, ukuqonda, ukufunda, noma ukubhala kangangokuthi abakwazi ukwenza lutho.
I-Aphasia Eqhubekayo Eyinhloko (i-PPA)
Lokhu kuhlukile kancane. Lolu uhlobo olungavamile lwe-dementia. Okwenzekayo ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kancane kancane ulahlekelwa ikhono lokukhuluma, ukubhala, ukufunda nokuqonda. Akukho ukwelashwa kokulungisa lokhu.
Ziyini izimbangela ze-aphasia?
Imbangela evame kakhulu ye-aphasia yi -stroke . Ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yi-stroke, umthambo wegazi othwala igazi uye ebuchosheni uyavaleka noma uqhume, okubangela ukuba amangqamuzana obuchopho afe. I-Aphasia yenzeka lapho amangqamuzana endaweni elawula ulimi efa.
Ngaphezu kwesifo sohlangothi, kungase kube nezinye izinkinga:
- Ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda
- Isimila sobuchopho
- Ukutheleleka okuthinta ubuchopho
- Izifo ze-neurological ezifana ne-dementia
- Ngezinye izikhathi, i-migraine noma i-mini-stroke (i-Transient Ischemic Attack - TIA) ingabangela ukuthi izimpawu zesikhashana ze-aphasia zivele futhi zinyamalale.
Udokotela ukuthola kanjani lokhu?
Lesi simo sivame ukutholakala uma ulaliswe esibhedlela ngemuva kokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi noma ukulimala kobuchopho. Udokotela uzokhuluma nawe, akubuze imibuzo elula, futhi akucele ukuthi wenze izinto ezithile (isibonelo, ukukhomba ipeni bese ebuza ukuthi kuyini lokhu) ukuze abone ukuthi unalesi simo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa okufana nalokhu kungenziwa ukuthola imbangela eqondile:
- I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan)
- Ukuskena kwe-MRI (Umfanekiso Wokuqabulana Kwamagnetic)
- Ukuskena kwe-PET (ukuskena kwe-Positron Emission Tomography)
Lezi zivivinyo zingasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi umonakalo wenzeke kuphi ebuchosheni. Uma kusolwa ukuthi i-aphasia ibangelwa yisifo, udokotela wakho uzokudlulisela kudokotela wezifo zolimi lokukhuluma . Lochwepheshe uzokwenza ezinye izivivinyo, anqume uhlobo lwe-aphasia onayo, ubukhali bayo , futhi ahlele ukwelashwa okudingekayo.
Ukwelashwa kanye nezindlela zokwenza kube lula ukuxhumana ngalokhu
Ukwelashwa Kwenkulumo Nolimi kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokwelapha i-aphasia. Uma uqala ngokushesha lokhu kwelashwa, amathuba akho okuphumelela ayanda. Umelaphi uzokufundisa amasu ahlukene kanye nokuzivocavoca ukukusiza ukhumbule amagama, uhlanganise imisho, futhi uxhumane nabanye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalungu omndeni nawo anendima enkulu okufanele ayidlale kulolu hambo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzelana nesiguli ngesineke nothando.
Ithebula elingezansi likunikeza umbono wokuthi ungakwenza kanjani kube lula ukuxhumana nesiguli kanye nelungu lomndeni elinjengawe.
| Amathiphu Okuxhumana | |
|---|---|
| Isiguli esine-aphasia... | |
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| Uma ukhuluma nomuntu one-aphasia... | |
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Wenzani uma ngokuzumayo ungakwazi ukukhuluma?
Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yalesi sihloko.
Uma umuntu ehluleka ukukhuluma ngokuzumayo, ethuka amagama, noma engakwazi ukuqonda okushiwoyo, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha .
Lezi kungaba izimpawu eziyinhloko zesifo sohlangothi. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokulibala, thatha isiguli uye e -Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela esiseduze. Uma ukwelashwa kunikezwa ngokushesha lapho umuntu enesifo sohlangothi, kulapho umonakalo omncane ongenziwa khona ebuchosheni.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu bese ucela iseluleko esengeziwe.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Aphasia akuyona inkinga yokukhubazeka kwengqondo, kodwa inkinga yokuxhumana ebangelwa ukulimala kwengxenye yobuchopho elawula ulimi.
- Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu isifo sohlangothi, ngakho-ke sinakekele ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Uma umuntu ehluleka ukukhuluma ngokuzumayo, kuba yisimo esiphuthumayo. Yiya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Ukwelashwa ngenkulumo kuyindlela eyinhloko nephumelela kakhulu yokwelapha lokhu.
- Ukubekezela, uthando, kanye nokusekelwa komndeni kubalulekile ukuze isiguli silulame.
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