Ukhathazekile ngokukhula kwengane yakho? Ingabe lokhu kungaba ukuntuleka kwama-hormone okukhula (GHD)?

Ingabe ingane yakho encane ikhula kancane kunezinye izingane ezingontanga yayo? Noma ucabanga ukuthi ibukeka imfushane kuneminyaka yayo? Kuvamile ngabazali ukukhathazeka ngezinto ezinjengalezi ngezinye izikhathi. Kodwa-ke, kungase kungabi yinto elula ngaso sonke isikhathi. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esingase sifike engqondweni ngezikhathi ezinjalo, kodwa esingavamile kakhulu. Lokho `Ukuntuleka Kwama-hormone Okukhula`, okubizwa nangokuthi `i-GHD` ngamafuphi.

Kuyini lokhu `Ukuntuleka Kwama-hormone Okukhula (GHD)`? Ake sikuqonde kalula!

Kalula nje, i-GHD yisimo lapho indlala encane ebuchosheni bethu, indlala ye-pituitary, ingakhiqizi inani elidingekayo le-hormone yokukhula (GH), ebalulekile ekukhuleni komzimba. Abanye abantu babiza lokhu ngokuthi "i-pituitary dwarfism." Lesi simo singathinta izinsana, izingane, kanye nabantu abadala. Izingane ezine-GHD zivame ukuba zimfushane kuneminyaka yazo, kodwa ezinye izilinganiso zomzimba wazo zingase zibe zijwayelekile.

Uyazi, ama-hormone afana nezithunywa zamakhemikhali emizimbeni yethu. Ahamba egazini futhi atshele izitho zethu, imisipha, kanye nezinye izicubu ukuthi senzeni nokuthi sikwenze nini.

I-'Pituitary Gland' yethu iyi-'Endocrine Gland' encane, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu. Itholakala phansi kobuchopho bethu, ngaphansi kwe-'Hypothalamus'. Inezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-'Anterior Lobe' kanye ne-'Posterior Lobe'. Yi-'Anterior Lobe' ekhiqiza i-'Growth Hormone (GH)' kanye namanye ama-hormone angaba ngu-8.

Ngezinye izikhathi abantu abane-GHD bangase babe nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hypopituitarism, okuwukuntuleka kwamanye ama-hormone akhiqizwa yi-pituitary gland. La ma-hormone ahlanganisa:

• `I-Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH noma i-Vasopressin)`
• `I-hormone evuselela i-follicle`
• 'I-Luteinizing Hormone'
• I-hormone evuselela i-thyroid (TSH)
• `I-Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH)`

Ngakho-ke le `Growth Hormone` yenzani?

I-hormone yokukhula (GH) ibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni kwezingane. Ithinta izingxenye eziningi zomzimba. Ibalulekile ekukhuleni okuvamile, emandleni emisipha namathambo, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwamafutha emzimbeni .

Ngemva kokuba ama-growth plate (ama-epiphyses) emathanjeni ethu evaliwe, okusho ukuthi siyeka ukukhula sibe bade, i-GH ayisasisizi ukuba sikhule sibe bade. Kodwa-ke, imizimba yethu isadinga i-GH. Njengoba sikhula, i-GH isiza ekugcineni isakhiwo somzimba esijwayelekile, igcina i-metabolism isebenza kahle, futhi isiza ukugcina amazinga kashukela egazini .

Ngakho-ke, ungabona ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumntwana, usemncane, noma ungumuntu omdala, uma ungenayo i-hormone yokukhula eyanele emzimbeni wakho, ingakuthinta ngezindlela ezahlukene kuye ngeminyaka yakho. Ezinganeni nakubantu abasha, i-GHD ingabangela ukuthi wehluleke ukukhula ngendlela evamile. Kwabantu abadala, ingabangela izinkinga ezifana nokwanda kwamafutha emzimbeni kanye namazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-'Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD)'?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-`GHD`:

• I-Congenital GHD: Lesi yisimo esiba khona lapho kuzalwa. Singabangelwa ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo noma inkinga ngesakhiwo sobuchopho bomntwana.
• I-GHD Etholakale: Lokhu kubangelwa ukulimala kwendlala ye-pituitary kamuva ekuphileni. Izingane kanye nabantu abadala bangathuthukisa i-GHD ngale ndlela.
• I-Idiopathic GHD: Kwezokwelapha, igama elithi "idiopathic" lisho ukuthi imbangela ayaziwa . Kwezinye izimo ze-GHD, akukho sizathu esithile esingatholakala.

I-GHD ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka yokuqala kwayo, njengoba izimpawu nezindlela zokuxilonga ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi iqala enganeni noma kumuntu omdala.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi `i-GHD`?

Ukuntuleka kwe-hormone yokukhula (GHD) kuyisimo esingavamile kakhulu . Uma sikhuluma nje, i-GHD ithinta cishe ingane eyodwa kwezingu-4,000 kuya kweyodwa kwezingu-10,000. I-GHD eqala kubantu abadala nayo iyisimo esingavamile, ithinta cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-10,000.

Yiziphi izimpawu `zokuntuleka kwama-hormone okukhula (GHD)`?

Izimpawu ze-GHD ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi uneminyaka emingaki oqala ngayo lesi simo.

Izimpawu ze-GHD ezinganeni nasezinganeni

Uma izinsana nezingane zine-GHD, ukukhula kwazo kuyaphazamiseka. Uphawu oluyinhloko izinga lokukhula kobude elihamba kancane njalo ngonyaka ngemva kokuzalwa kwengane okwesithathu . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokuvamile zithola ngaphansi kwamasentimitha angu-1.4 ngonyaka.

Ezinye izici yilezi:

• Ubuso obubukeka bubuncane kunobudala bawo.
• Izinwele ezibuthakathaka kanye nokukhula kwezinzipho.
• Ukuphuza amazinyo.
• Ukuthomba okulibazisekile .
• Amazinga kashukela aphansi egazini (`i-Hypoglycemia`) ezinsaneni nasezinganeni ezincane.
• Ipenisi yezingane zesilisa ezisanda kuzalwa incane kakhulu (`Micropenis`).

Izimpawu ze-GHD eziqala lapho umuntu emdala

Izimpawu ze-GHD eziqala lapho umuntu ekhula zingaba nzima ukuzibona. Lezi zimpawu zifaka:

• Ukuzizwa ungenanjabulo kanye nenhlalakahle.
• Ukukhathazeka kanye/noma ukucindezeleka.
• Ukuncipha kwamandla omzimba.
• Ukwanda kokugcwala kwamafutha, ikakhulukazi eduze kwesisu .
• Ukuncipha kwethoni yemisipha.
• Ukwehla kokuqina kwamathambo kungaholela ezimweni ezifana ne-osteoporosis.
• Ukumelana ne-insulin kungaholela ku-Type 2 Diabetes.
• Amazinga aphezulu e-LDL-cholesterol kanye nama-triglycerides andisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo.

Yiziphi izimbangela zalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi `i-GHD`?

Izimbangela ze-GHD zingahluka kuye ngokuthi lesi simo siqala nini. Ngezinye izikhathi, kunezimo lapho kungatholakali khona imbangela (idiopathic).

Izimbangela ze-Congenital GHD

I-Congenital GHD ibangelwa ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo . Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungahlotshaniswa nezinkinga esakhiweni sobuchopho noma ukukhubazeka phakathi kobuso (isb., i-cleft palate, i-single central incisor).

Ososayensi bathole izinguquko eziningana zofuzo ezibangela i-GHD. Ezinye zazo yilezi:

• Ukuntuleka kwe-hormone yokukhula okuhlukanisiwe uhlobo lwe-IA: Lokhu kuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kubangela ukukhula kuhambe kancane esigabeni sombungu, futhi umntwana mncane kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelwe ekuzalweni. Laba bantu baqala ukusabela kahle ekwelashweni kwe-hormone yokukhula yokwenziwa (GH), kodwa kamuva bakha ama-antibodies ngokumelene ne-hormone. Lokhu kuphumela ekukhuleni okulinganiselwe kanye nobude obufushane kakhulu bomuntu omdala.
• Uhlobo lwe-IB lokuntuleka kwe-hormone yokukhula oluhlukanisiwe: Lokhu kufana nohlobo lwe-IA, kodwa lezi zingane zine-GH yemvelo emizimbeni yazo lapho zizalwa. Ziyasabela futhi ekwelashweni kwe-GH okwenziwe kuyo yonke impilo yazo.
• Uhlobo lwesibili lokuntuleka kwe-hormone yokukhula: Laba bantu banamazinga aphansi kakhulu e-GH, futhi kungase kube namazinga ahlukahlukene okulahlekelwa ukuphakama. Ukwehluleka kokukhula kuvame ukubonakala ebuntwaneni bokuqala noma obuphakathi. Cishe ingxenye yalaba bantu ine-pituitary gland engakathuthuki kahle (i-Pituitary Hypoplasia).
• Ukuntuleka kwe-hormone yokukhula okuhlukanisiwe uhlobo lwesithathu: Njengohlobo lwesibili, laba bantu banamazinga aphansi kakhulu e-GH futhi bangabhekana namazinga ahlukahlukene okukhungatheka. Ukwehluleka kokukhula kuvame ukubonakala ebuntwaneni bokuqala noma obuphakathi. Bangase babe nesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka kanye nokutheleleka okuvamile.

Amaphethini efa alolu hlobo oluhlukile lokuntuleka kwe-hormone yokukhula angahluka kusukela esizukulwaneni kuya kwesinye.

Izimbangela ze-GHD etholakale

I-GHD, eyenzeka kamuva ekuphileni, ibangelwa ukulimala kwe-pituitary gland. Lo monakalo ubangela ukuthi i-gland ilahlekelwe yikhono layo lokukhiqiza nokukhipha i-hormone yokukhula. Bobabili izingane kanye nabantu abadala bangathuthukisa i-GHD ngale ndlela.

Indlala ye-pituitary ingonakaliswa yizimo noma izehlakalo ezifana nalezi:

• I-pituitary adenoma (isimila esingeyona umdlavuza).
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe endlaleni ye-pituitary noma endaweni ezungezile.
• Ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda noma `Ukulimala Kobuchopho Okubuhlungu (i-TBI)`.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokugeleza kwegazi kuya endlaleni ye-pituitary.
• Umonakalo ongalindelekile noma ongenakugwenywa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kobuchopho noma ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe i-pituitary adenoma.
• `Ukutheleleka Kwesistimu Yezinzwa Ephakathi`.
• Izifo ezisakazeka emzimbeni, njenge-Langerhans cell histiocytosis, i-sarcoidosis, kanye nesifo sofuba.
• Izimila ku-hypothalamus zingabangela ingcindezi ku-pituitary gland.

Odokotela bethu basithola kanjani lesi simo 'se-GHD'?

I-GHD ivame ukutholakala ezinganeni ezineminyaka emibili. Eyokuqala imayelana neminyaka emi-5, lapho izingane ziqala isikole . Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abazali bangaqhathanisa kalula ubude bezingane zabo nobabanye abantwana ekilasini labo. Ubudala besibili buphakathi kweminyaka eyi-10-13 yamantombazane kanye nengu-12-16 yabafana . Lena iminyaka lapho ukuthomba kuvame ukuqala khona. Ukuthomba okulibazisekile kungavusa izinsolo nge-GHD.

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongweni kwe-GHD ezinganeni ukukhula . Lena indlela ingane ekhula ngayo. Ukukhula kuvame ukulandela iphethini. Uma ukukhula kubhekwa isikhathi esiyizinyanga eziyi-6 kuya kweziyi-12 futhi kungaphakathi kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile phakathi naleso sikhathi, mancane amathuba okuba nenkinga yokukhula.

I-GHD, eqala lapho umuntu esemdala, ingaba nzima ukuyixilonga ngoba izimpawu zayo azicacile futhi zibonakala njengezinto ezivamile. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukuyixilonga.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwa ezinganeni ukuze kutholakale i-'GHD'?

Udokotela wengane yakho uzobukeza ngokucophelela umlando wayo wezokwelapha kanye namashadi okukhula ukuze abheke izimpawu zokwehluleka kokukhula, izici eziyingozi ze-GHD, kanye nezinye izimo ezingathinta ukukhula.

Ezinye izimo zempilo ezingathinta ukukhula yilezi:

• I-Hypothyroidism (indlala yegilo engasebenzi kahle).
• Ukuthomba okulibazisekile.
• Isifo seCeliac.
• Ukungondleki kahle.

Ngenxa yokuthi amazinga e-hormone yokukhula egazini lethu ayashintshashintsha kakhulu phakathi nosuku, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuphela akukwazi ukunquma ukuntuleka kwe-GH. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wengane yakho angayala ukuhlolwa okufana nalokhu ukuqinisekisa i-GHD kanye/noma ukuqeda ezinye izimo ezingathinta ukukhula:

• Ama-X-ray: I-X-ray yesandla ingenziwa ukuhlola ukukhula kwamathambo (ubudala bamathambo) kanye namathuba okukhula.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nezinye izivivinyo zelebhu:Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okunye kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ezinye izimo ezithinta ukukhula noma kusize ekuxilongeni i-GHD. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukhethekile yi-insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) kanye ne-insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3).
• Ukuhlolwa Kokukhuthaza Ama-hormone Okukhula: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko odokotela abakusebenzisayo ukuxilonga i-GHD. Kulokhu kuhlolwa, ingane yakho inikezwa umuthi ovuselela i-pituitary gland ukuthi ikhiphe i-GH. Udokotela ube esethatha isampula yegazi bese elinganisa izinga le-GH. Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi ingakhombisi ukuthi izinga le-GH likhuphukele ezingeni elilindelekile, kusho ukuthi i-pituitary gland ayikhiqizi i-GH eyanele.
• Isithombe Sokuzwakala Kwe-Magnetic (MRI): Udokotela wengane yakho angase acele i-MRI yekhanda. Lokhu kungasiza ekutholeni imbangela ye-GHD ngokubheka izinkinga nge-pituitary gland noma ubuchopho.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwa kubantu abadala ukuthola i-'GHD'?

Ukuhlolwa okuvame kakhulu okusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-GHD kubantu abadala yi -Insulin Tolerance Test . I-Insulin iyi-hormone ekhiqizwa ngokwemvelo yi-pancreas yethu.

Kulesi sivivinyo, udokotela uzokunika umjovo we-insulin yokwenziwa ukuze wehlise amazinga kashukela egazini lakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazothatha isampula yegazi bese belinganisa inani le-hormone yokukhula egazini lakho.

Uma amazinga ethu kashukela egazini ephansi (hypoglycemia), i-hormone yokukhula ivame ukukhishwa. Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi lakho kubonisa ukuthi amazinga akho e-hormone yokukhula aphansi kunalokho obekulindelwe ekuhlolweni kokubekezelela i-insulin, lokhu kuqinisekisa isimo se-GHD.

Kungase kube nezinye izivivinyo:

• `Ukuhlolwa kokukhuthazwa kwe-Glucagon`
• `Ukuhlolwa kokukhuthazwa kwe-Macimorelin`
• `Ukuhlolwa kokukhuthazwa kwe-Arginine`
• `Ukuhlolwa kokukhuthazwa kwe-Clonidine`

Iphathwa kanjani i-`Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD)`?

Ukwelashwa kwe-GHD ezinganeni nakubantu abadala kwenziwa ngemijovo ye-synthetic growth hormone (i-Recombinant Human Growth Hormone) . Le mijovo ingenziwa ekhaya. Abantu abane-GHD bavame ukuthatha umjovo nsuku zonke .

Ukwelashwa kwe-synthetic growth hormone kuthatha isikhathi eside , ngezinye izikhathi kuthatha iminyaka eminingana. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wakho njalo ukuze ubone ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle yini nokuthi umthamo udinga ukulungiswa yini.

Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninokuntuleka kwamanye ama-hormone e-pituitary, nizodinga nokwelashwa ukuze kulungiswe lokho kuntuleka.

Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa kwe-'GHD'

Imiphumela emibi emincane noma ephakathi evela ekujovweni kwe-growth hormone yokwelashwa kwe-GHD ayivamile. Kodwa-ke, ingafaka:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu.
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha noma ubuhlungu bamalunga.
• I-hypothyroidism encane.
• Ukuvuvukala kwezandla nezinyawo.
• Ukwanda kokugoba komgogodla kubantu abane-scoliosis.

Imiphumela emibi engavamile kodwa emibi kakhulu ingase ivele:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu elihambisana nezinkinga zokubona.
• I-Hip Dysplasia (ukunamathela okungalungile kwethambo lethanga ethanjeni le-hip).
• I-pancreatitis (ukuvuvukala kwe-pancreas).

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngokushesha . Isilinganiso semithi yakho singadinga ukulungiswa.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa i-'GHD'?

Ngeshwa, amacala amaningi e-GHD awanakuvinjelwa. Kodwa-ke, izici ezithile eziyingozi zingandisa amathuba okuba wena noma ingane yakho nithole i-GHD. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuthola ukwelashwa komdlavuza ngaphambi kokufinyelela ubude bomuntu omdala.
• Ukuthola ukwelashwa ngemisebe ekhanda noma ebuchosheni.
• Ukushiswa Kwemisebe Komzimba Wonke.
• Ukuhlinzwa ebuchosheni, ikakhulukazi ingxenye ephakathi yobuchopho lapho kutholakala khona indlala ye-pituitary.

Uma noma yiziphi zalezi zici eziyingozi zisebenza kuwe noma enganeni yakho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu ze-GHD bese ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.

Iyini i-prognosis ye-GHD?

Ezinganeni ezine-GHD, uma lesi simo sisheshe selashwe, kulapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi ingane ikhule isondele ekuphakameni okuvamile komuntu omdala . Iningi lezingane likhula ngamasentimitha amane noma ngaphezulu ngonyaka wokuqala wokwelashwa. Zikhula ngamasentimitha amathathu noma ngaphezulu eminyakeni emibili ezayo. Ngemva kwalokho, izinga lokukhula liyehla.

Abantu abane-GHD eqala ukuba mdala, uma bephathwa kahle, bavame ukuba nombono omuhle futhi bangaphila impilo enempilo.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-GHD?

Uma i-GHD ezinganeni ingelashwa, ingaholela ekukhuleni okufushane kanye nokuthomba okulibazisekile .

Ngisho noma ukwelashwa okufanele, abantu abane-GHD eqala ukuba sebudaleni basengozini enkulu yesifo senhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi . Le ngozi ingancishiswa ngemikhuba enempilo njengokudla ukudla okunempilo kanye nokuzivocavoca njalo.

Abantu abane-GHD abaqala lapho sebekhulile nabo basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-osteoporosis. Lokhu kusho ukuthi banamathuba amaningi okuphuka amathambo ngenxa yokulimala okuncane noma ukuwa. Ukuze unciphise lezi zingozi, kubalulekile ukudla ukudla okucebile nge-calcium futhi uthathe izithasiselo ze-vitamin D njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela mayelana ne-GHD?

Kunezizathu eziningi ezenza izingane zikhule kancane futhi zibe mfushane kunokujwayelekile. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukukhula kancane kungaba okuvamile futhi kube okwesikhashana. Isibonelo, lapho ukuthomba kusondela. Uma ukhathazekile ngesilinganiso sokukhula kwengane yakho, bheka udokotela wezifo zezingane noma omunye udokotela . Bangakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi izinga lokukhula kwengane yakho liyinto okufanele uyikhathazeke ngayo.

Uma ungumuntu omdala futhi unezimpawu ze-GHD, khuluma nodokotela wakho.

Uma wena noma ingane yakho nitholakala ninesifo i-GHD, kufanele nibone udokotela wakho njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle .

Uma ubona noma yikuphi ukubambezeleka kokukhula enganeni yakho, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngokushesha okukhulu. Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukuthi i-GHD iyimbangela, kufanelekile ukuhlola noma yiziphi izinguquko ezikhathazayo. Uma abantu abane-GHD betholakala kusenesikhathi, banombono ongcono futhi ngokuvamile bangaphila impilo enempilo. Uma unemibuzo mayelana nokukhula kwengane yakho, ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho. Balapha ukuzokusiza.

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

Ngakho-ke, cishe uyaqonda ukuthi kuyini 'Ukuntuleka Kwama-hormone Okukhula (GHD)' nokuthi kungabathinta kanjani izingane kanye nabantu abadala ngokufanayo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungesabi ngakho, nokubona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu uma unenkinga . Ngokutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele, abantu abaningi abane-'GHD' bangaphila impilo ephumelelayo nenempilo. Uma unenkinga mayelana nokukhula kwengane yakho noma impilo yakho, akukaze kube sekwephuzile ukukhuluma nodokotela ngakho.

` Ukuntuleka Kwama-hormone Okukhula, i-GHD, Ukuntuleka Kwama-hormone Okukhula, Indlala Ye-Pituitary, Ukukhula Kwengane, Ukufushane, Izinkinga Zama-hormone, i-GH