Uyazi ngeMedullary Thyroid Cancer (MTC), uhlobo lomdlavuza we-thyroid?

Cishe uke wezwa ngendlala yegilo emise okwebhabhathane ngaphambili kwentamo yakho. Ngezinye izikhathi ungazizwa iqhubu elincane kule ndlala. Noma udokotela angase alibone uma ekuxilonga. Nakuba leli qhubu lingavamile ukuba yingozi, ezimweni ezingavamile, lingaba uphawu lomdlavuza. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngohlobo lomdlavuza olukhethekile, kodwa olungavamile, oluvela endlaleni yegilo.

Uyini umdlavuza we-thyroid we-medullary (MTC)?

Kalula nje, i-Medullary Thyroid Cancer (MTC) umdlavuza okhula ngaphakathi kwe-thyroid gland yakho. Ingxenye yangaphakathi yale gland ibizwa ngokuthi 'i-medulla' . Kukhona uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli kule medulla, olubizwa ngokuthi 'amaseli e-parafollicular C' . Lawa maseli e-C akhiqiza i-hormone 'calcitonin' . Ngakho-ke, lapho lawa maseli e-C eqala ukukhula ngokungalawuleki, kuvela i-MTC. Cabanga ngayo njengezitshalo ezingafuneki engadini ezisakazeka yonke indawo ngaphandle kokulawulwa.

Kuvamile ukuba nemibuzo eminingi nokwesaba uma uzwa ngomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi uma ungowohlobo olungavamile. Kodwa khumbula, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha linawe kulolu hambo. Kunezindlela eziningi ezahlukene zokwelapha i-MTC.

Uvame kangakanani umdlavuza we-thyroid we-medullary (MTC)?

Manje ungase ucabange, "O, ingabe lesi yisifo esitholwa yiwo wonke umuntu?" Ungakhathazeki. Umdlavuza we-thyroid uvame kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo esikhuluma ngalo , umdlavuza we-thyroid we-medullary (MTC) , aluvamile kakhulu . Ngisho nasezweni elifana ne-United States, u-4% kuya ku-10% kuphela wabo bonke umdlavuza we-thyroid obikiwe otholakala njenge-MTC. Lokho kusho ukuthi cishe abantu abayi-1,000 kuphela abatholakala bene-MTC lapho minyaka yonke. Ngakho-ke, eSri Lanka, leli nani lingase libe liphansi nakakhulu.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza we-thyroid we-medullary (MTC)?

Kulungile, ziyini izimpawu ze-MTC? Akuwona wonke umuntu obhekana nezimpawu ezifanayo. Kodwa-ke, kunezinye ezivamile:

• Iqhubu (iqhubu) phezulu kwendlala yakho yegilo liyabonakala. Lesi yisibonakaliso esiyinhloko esibonakala kubantu abangu-75% kuya ku-95% lapho bexilongwa. Kungazwakala njengeqhubu elincane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungabonakala uma ubheka ingaphambili lentamo yakho.
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele entanyeni . Lokhu kubonakala nakubantu abangaba ngu-70% lapho bexilongwa. Lawa angazwakala njengezigaxa ezincane kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zentamo.

Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu, uma iqhubu le-thyroid liba likhulu, izimpawu ezilandelayo zingase zivele:

• Ukushintsha kwezwi, ukushoshozela.
• Ubunzima bokugwinya ukudla.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi abanye abantu bangase babe ne-MTC kodwa bangakhombisi zimpawu isikhathi eside. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isimila sinomdlavuza.Lincane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma ubona noma yini engavamile entanyeni yakho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyinaka.

Kungani umdlavuza we-thyroid we-medullary (MTC) ukhula?

Manje ake sibone ukuthi kungani le MTC yenzeka. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu. Ngokuyinhloko, kunezindlela ezimbili i-MTC eyenzeka ngazo.

I-MTC engavamile

Cishe ama-75% (cishe amathathu kwabane) eziguli ze-MTC athola lesi simo ngokungahleliwe . Lokhu kusho ukuthi akekho emndenini wakhe oke waba ne-MTC ngaphambili. Kwenzeka ngaphandle komlando womndeni. Ososayensi abakayitholi imbangela eqondile yale MTC engavamile. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwama-40% nama-50% abantu abathola i-MTC ngale ndlela banezinguquko ku-gene ebizwa ngokuthi ``(RET)`` . Lokhu akuyona into abazalwa nayo, kodwa ukukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo okukhula kamuva ekuphileni.

I-MTC isizukulwane ngesizukulwane

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, cishe ama-25% eziguli ze-MTC (cishe oyedwa kwabane) angaba nesimo esizuzwe njengefa esibizwa ngokuthi 'Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2' (MEN2) . Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-'MEN2':

• `(MEN2A)`: Abantu abanalesi simo basengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuthola i-MTC (cishe ama-90%) .
• `(MEN2B)`: Amanye amacala e-`(MEN2B)` adluliselwa ngofuzo. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi lokhu akunjalo. Abantu abane-`(MEN2B)` banethuba elingu-100% lokuthola i-MTC besebancane kakhulu .

Kukhona olunye uhlobo lwalokhu `(MEN2B)`, olubizwa ngokuthi `Familial Medullary Thyroid Cancer (FMTC) . Abantu abane `(FMTC)` banokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo `(RET)`, kodwa bathuthukisa i-MTC kuphela (hhayi ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza).

Cabanga nje, uma othile emndenini wakho etholakala enalolu shintsho lwezakhi zofuzo "(RET)", ungase ukwazi ukugwema ingozi enkulu ngokususwa kwendlala yegilo ngokuhlinzwa kokuvimbela ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza uvele.

Umdlavuza we-thyroid we-medullary (MTC) utholakala kanjani?

I-MTC ivame ukuvela okokuqala njengeqhubu endlaleni ye-thyroid. Ungase uzizwele wena, noma udokotela wakho angase alithole uma uzwa intamo yakho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuvamile. Ngezinye izikhathi, iqhubu litholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesithombe okwenziwe ngesinye isizathu.

Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi une-MTC, cishe uzoyala lezi zivivinyo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Lokhu kungasiza ekuboneni kahle iqhubu le-thyroid. Isibonelo , i-ultrasound ye-thyroid , i-CT scan , kanye/noma i-MRI.Ungenza izivivinyo ezinjengalezi. Njengokuthatha isithombe ngekhamera, le mishini ingabona ngokucacile okungaphakathi emzimbeni.
• Ukufuthwa kwenaliti encane (i-biopsy yenaliti): Udokotela wakho cishe uzoncoma ukuthatha isampula encane yezicubu (i-biopsy) kusuka ku-nodule yakho ye-thyroid. Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa inaliti encane kakhulu. Izwakala sengathi ibhobozwa yinaliti encane. Le sampula yezicubu ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukuhlolwa okulinganisa amazinga ezinto egazini lakho ezibizwa ngokuthi i-calcitonin kanye ne-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) . La mazinga avame ukuphakama kubantu abane-MTC.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi ancome ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo ukuze abone ukuthi unesifo sofuzo esibizwa ngokuthi ``MEN2''. Uma kunjalo, angase ancome ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kwezinye izihlobo zegazi, njengoba lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi zisengozini yini.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza we-thyroid we-medullary (MTC)?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo ze-MTC.

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwe-MTC ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe yonke indlala yakho yegilo (i-thyroidectomy ephelele) . Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale njengokuhlinzwa okukhulu, kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha lo mdlavuza.

• Ukususwa kwama-lymph node: Uma umdlavuza we-thyroid ususakazeke (usufinyelele kuma-metastases) kuma-lymph node entanyeni yakho, udokotela ohlinzayo cishe uzowasusa nawo.
• Ukwelashwa ngama-hormone: Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kuzodingeka uthathe imithi yokufaka esikhundleni sama-hormone e-thyroid impilo yakho yonke. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-hormone akhiqizwa yi-thyroid gland abalulekile emzimbeni, kudingeka anikezwe ngaphandle ngesimo samaphilisi.

Ngaphezu kokuhlinzwa, udokotela wakho angase ancome ezinye izindlela zokwelapha, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Indlela yokubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza kusetshenziswa imisebe enamandla aphezulu.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Indlela yokusebenzisa imithi ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe: Kwezinye izimo ze-MTC, kusetshenziswa imithi ethile eqondise kuphela izinguquko ku -DNA . Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-vandetanib kanye ne-cabozantinib .

Ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-MTC, udokotela wakho uzohlola njalo amazinga akho e-CEA kanye ne-Calcitonin ngokuhlolwa kwegazi. Lokhu kuzobasiza bazi ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle kangakanani nokuthi umdlavuza ubuyile yini.

I-MTC ingumdlavuza ongaba nolaka kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza we-thyroid ezivame kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma utholakala ngaphambi kokuba usakazekele kuma-lymph node entanyeni noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, kulula kakhulu ukuwulapha, ukuwulapha, nokuwulawula.

Kuyini ukubikezela kokugula komuntu onomdlavuza we-thyroid we-medullary (MTC)?

Isibikezelo, noma umbono, womuntu one-MTC kuncike ezintweni eziningana.

• Isigaba somdlavuza (okungukuthi, ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani).
• Ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele yini (ususabalale) kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
• Inani leqhubu elinomdlavuza elisusiwe ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.
• Ubudala bakho kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.

Isibikezelo se-MTC ngokuvamile asisihle njengomdlavuza we-papillary thyroid kanye nomdlavuza we-follicular thyroid . Kodwa-ke, uma wena nodokotela wakho nithola i-MTC kusenesikhathi, ingelapheka ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa . Ngisho noma ukuxilongwa sekwephuzile, i-MTC ivame ukusabalala (iba yimbi kakhulu) kancane kancane .

Amathuba okululama angase abe mancane kancane kubantu abanjengalaba:

• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.
• Abantu abasesigabeni esiphezulu somdlavuza.
• Labo abanomdlavuza ongazange ususwe ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.

Iyini isikhathi sokuphila somdlavuza we-thyroid we-medullary (MTC)?

Uma kukhulunywa ngesilinganiso sokusinda komuntu one-MTC, ucwaningo lwamanje lubonisa ukuthi izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu yesigaba sokuqala, sesibili, nesesithathu se-MTC licishe libe ngu-93%. Kodwa-ke, esigabeni sesine, leli zinga lehla laya ku-28%.

Kodwa-ke, into ebalulekile lapha ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi zimbalwa kakhulu izigameko ezintsha ze-MTC ezibikwa minyaka yonke, la mazinga okusinda angase angabi nembayo kakhulu. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokunikeza umbono ongcono walokho ongakulindela.

Uyini umehluko phakathi komdlavuza we-thyroid we-papillary nomdlavuza we-thyroid we-medullary?

Manje cishe uyazibuza, 'Uyini umehluko phakathi kwale MTC kanye naleyo eminye imidlavuza ye-thyroid?'

Umdlavuza we-thyroid we-papillary uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza we-thyroid . Ubangela u-80% wokuxilongwa komdlavuza we-thyroid. Kodwa-ke, umdlavuza we-thyroid we-medullary (MTC) awuvamile .

Umehluko omkhulu usezingqamuzaneni lapho lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zomdlavuza ziqala khona.

• Umdlavuza we-thyroid we-papillary uqala kumaseli e-follicular e-thyroid gland yakho akhiqiza i-thyroglobulin, iphrotheni.
• I-MTC ikhula kusuka kumaseli e-C endlaleni ye-thyroid akhiqiza i-calcitonin, i-hormone.

Enye into ukuthi umdlavuza we-thyroid we-papillary uvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuchayeka emisebeni, kodwa akukho ukuxhumana okucacile okunjalo ne-MTC.

Ekugcineni, khumbula lokhu.

Ukuzwa ukuthi unomdlavuza, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uluhlobo luni, kuyinto eyesabekayo kakhulu. Sonke siyakwazi lokho. Kodwa uma kukhulunywa ngomdlavuza we-thyroid we-medullary (MTC) , khumbula ukuthi usabela kahle ekwelashweni uma utholakala kusenesikhathi .

Nakuba imbangela eqondile yamacala amaningi e-MTC ingaziwa, kukhona ukuxhumana okuqinile nezinye izimo zofuzo. Ngakho-ke, uma wena noma ilungu lomndeni eliseduze (isihlobo sezinga lokuqala - abazali, izingane zakini, izingane) kutholakale ukuthi une-MTC, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukuhlolwa kofuzo. Lokhu kungaba usizo kakhulu kuwe nomndeni wakho.

Uma unemibuzo mayelana nengozi yakho yokuthola i-MTC, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Bahlala bekhona ukukusiza nokuphendula imibuzo yakho. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala unolwazi, uhlale unolwazi, futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo.

Umdlavuza we-thyroid we - Medullary, i-MTC, i-thyroid gland, izimpawu zomdlavuza, ukuhlolwa kofuzo, i-MEN2, ukuhlinzwa kwe-thyroid