Ake sifunde ngokwakheka kwamatshe emgudwini womchamo (Amatshe e-Ureteral). Ingabe nawe uzwa lobu buhlungu obukhulu?

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa unesicanucanu ngenxa yobuhlungu obukhulu emhlane wakho ongezansi, ngaphansi nje kwezimbambo zakho? Ingabe uzizwa sengathi kufanele uchame futhi kubuhlungu, ngezinye izikhathi kufanele uchame kancane, bese ubuhlungu busakazekela esiswini sakho? Uma kunjalo, ungase ube nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi "amatshe e-ureteral ." Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa namuhla, njengokukhuluma nomngane.

Ayini Amatshe E-Ureteral?

Kalula nje, itshe le-ureteral liyinto eqinile engakhekile kahle ebhajwa kwenye yama-ureter akho, amapayipi amabili amancane athwala umchamo usuka ezinso zakho uye kwesinye (lapho umchamo ugcinwa khona). Abukeka njengamatshe amancane. Ubuwazi ukuthi izinso zethu ngasinye sine-ureter eyodwa?

La matshe angakheka ohlangothini lwesobunxele noma lwesokudla lwe-urethra. I-urethra yomuntu omdala ivame ukuba phakathi kwamasentimitha angu-10 kuya kwangu-12 ubude. La matshe angahlala engxenyeni engenhla ye-urethra, eduze kwezinso, noma engxenyeni engezansi, eduze kwesinye.

Esikhathini esiningi, la matshe omchamo mancane kakhulu. Amanye awo awabonakali ngisho namehlo enyama. Ahlanzwa ngomchamo, ngakho awabangeli zinkinga.

Kodwa-ke, uma itshe lezinso likhulu ngokwanele, lingavimba ukugeleza komchamo kusuka ezinso kuya kwesinye. Yilapho-ke kuvela khona ubuhlungu obukhulu. Lawa matshe akheka lapho amaminerali nosawoti emchameni wakho kuhlangana ndawonye. Aqala akheke njengamakristalu amancane, bese ekhula abe amatshe amakhulu.

"Ngakho-ke, ingabe la matshe ase-ureteral afana namatshe ezinso?" Yebo, itshe lase-ureteral empeleni liyitshe elakheka enso bese liqhekeka bese lihlala e-ureter.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamatshe omchamo?

Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zamatshe omchamo:

• Amatshe e-calcium : Lawa uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalawa: amatshe e-`(Calcium oxalate)` kanye namatshe e-`(Calcium phosphate)`.
• Amatshe e-uric acid: Lezi zinhlobo zamatshe zakheka lapho inani le-uric acid emchameni wakho landa.
• Amatshe e-Struvite: Ngezinye izikhathi abangelwa izifo zomgudu womchamo ( UTIs).La matshe angakheka ngemva kokuba izinso sezivezwe yizinto eziphilayo. Izinto eziyinhloko kuleli tshe yi-magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) kanye ne-calcium carbon-apatite.
• Amatshe e-Cystine: Lawa matshe e-cystine abangelwa yisimo sofuzo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Cystinuria." Lesi sifo sibangela ukuthi i-amino acid cystine iqoqeke emchameni ngaphambi kokuba iphume ezinso.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola amatshe omchamo?

Noma ubani angaba namatshe ezinso, kodwa abantu abalandelayo basengozini enkulu kancane:

• Kwabesilisa.
• Kwabamhlophe (lokhu kungokwemininingwane evela kwamanye amazwe).
• Kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-40 no-60.
• Kulabo abake baba namatshe omchamo ngaphambilini.
• Uma othile emndenini enesifo samathambo ezinso.
• Kulabo abaphuza amanzi amancane.
• Kulabo abanesifo sikashukela (i-Diabetes Mellitus).
• Kubantu abanesifo sezinso se-polycystic.

Lesi simo singabonakala naphakathi kwethu eSri Lanka. Ikakhulukazi , izinto ezinjengokuphuza amanzi amancane nokusebenza endaweni ebangela ukujuluka ngokweqile zingaba nomthelela.

Avame kangakanani la matshe omchamo?

Ngokusho kwedatha evela e-United States, cishe umuntu omdala oyedwa kwabayi-1,000 ulaliswa esibhedlela minyaka yonke ngenxa yamatshe omchamo. Kuthiwa futhi kunethuba elilodwa kwabayi-8 lokukhula kwetshe empilweni yakhe. Lesi simo asibalulekile naseSri Lanka.

Ziyini izimpawu zala matshe omchamo?

Uma unamatshe amancane kakhulu omchamo, angadlula ohlelweni lwakho lomchamo ngaphandle kwezimpawu.

Kodwa-ke, uma amatshe amakhulu ngokwanele ukuvimba umgudu wakho womchamo, ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu: Lobu ubuhlungu obuhlala bukhona obungahlali njalo. Ngokuvamile buqala emhlane ongezansi, ngaphansi kwezimbambo. Bungazwakala njengokugwazwa ngommese.
• Ubuhlungu obusakazekayo: Lobuhlungu bungasakazeka esiswini esingezansi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi bufinyelele endaweni yesitho sangasese sobulili.
• Ubuhlungu noma ukushisa lapho uchama.
• Ukuzizwa unesicanucanu.
• Ukuhlanza.
• Igazi emchameni noma ekushintsheni kombala: Umchamo ungaba nsundu, upinki, noma ubomvu.
• Ukuchama okunamafu.
• Isidingo sokuchama njalo.
• Ukuvuza komchamo okuncane.

Cabanga nje, ngobusuku obunye, uNilanthi wazizwa ebuhlungu obukhulu emhlane wakhe. Wayengakwazi ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi kwenzekeni. Ubuhlungu babubukhulu kangangokuthi wayengakwazi ngisho nokuma aqonde. Kwakungesikhathi eya esibhedlela kuphela lapho ethola khona ukuthi itshe lalinamathele emgudwini wakhe womchamo.

Kungani la matshe omchamo akheka?

Isizathu esiyinhloko sokwakheka kwamatshe ezinso ukwanda kwenani lezinto ezakha amatshe emchameni wakho. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinto zidlula ohlelweni lomchamo ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kodwa lokhu akwenzeki ngoba umzimba wakho awukhiqizi umchamo owanele ukuncibilikisa noma ukuhlanza lezi zinto. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi awuphuzi amanzi anele. Khona-ke lezi zinto ziyaqoqana kancane kancane bese ziqala ukwakha amatshe.

Izinto eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa ukwenza leli tshe yilezi:

• I-calcium
• I-Oxalate
• I-asidi ye-uric
• I-Phosphate
• I-Cystine
• I-Xanthine

Itshe lingahlala isikhathi esingakanani e-urethra?

Lokhu kuyinto ehlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Ngenxa yokuthi umzimba wakho uhlukile kowomunye umuntu, isikhathi esithathayo ukuze udlule itshe singahluka. Ngezinye izikhathi, ungase ungakwazi nhlobo ukudlula itshe.

Kwabaningi, itshe elincane kune-4 millimeter lingadlula phakathi nesonto noma amabili.

Uma itshe elise-urethra lifika esinyeni, livame ukunyamalala zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Udokotela uhlonza kanjani lokhu?

Udokotela uzoqala ngokukubuza ngezimpawu zakho bese ekwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Bangase bacele ukuhlolwa okufana nalokhu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unamatshe ezinso:

• Ukuhlolwa komchamo: Lokhu kuhlola umchamo ukuthola izimpawu zokutheleleka kanye namazinga ezinto ezingabangela ukwakheka kwamatshe.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi izinso zisebenza kahle kangakanani, ukuthi kukhona yini izifo, nokuthi ngabe zikhona yini ezinye izinkinga ezingaholela ekwakhekeni kwamatshe.
• Ukuskena nge-ultrasound: Kusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukuhlola ukuvaleka kwendlela yomchamo.
• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography - i-CT scan): Lokhu kusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume ubukhulu obuqondile, indawo, kanye nobunzima betshe lakho lomchamo.

Ususa kanjani la matshe omchamo? (Ukwelashwa)

Indlela yokususa amatshe omchamo incike ngobukhulu bamatshe, indawo akuyo, kanye nezinto ezenziwe ngazo. Kuye ngobukhulu nendawo yetshe, udokotela wakho angakunikeza umbono omuhle wokuthi ungalidlulisa noma cha.

Uma unamatshe amakhulu ezinso noma uvalekile ohlelweni lwakho lomchamo, udokotela wezifo zomchamo angase ancome izindlela zokwelapha ezifana nalezi:

• I-Shock Wave Lithotripsy (SWL): Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa amaza omsindo anamandla aphezulu ukuphula amatshe emgudwini womchamo. Izingcezu ezincane zibe sezikhishwa kalula emchamweni. Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha engenasidingo, kodwa ayifanele wonke umuntu.
• I-Ureteroscopy:Kulokhu, kufakwa ipayipi elide nelincane (ureteroscope) nge-urethra. Inekhamera enamathiselwe ekugcineni. Leli payipi lidlula esinyeni bese lingena kwi-urethra ukuze kutholakale itshe. Libe selisuswa noma lichotshozwe nge-laser.
• I-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL): Kule nqubo, udokotela wakho wenza i-incision encane emhlane wakho bese efaka i-scope ngqo ezinso zakho ukuze athole futhi asuse itshe. Lokhu kwelashwa kunconywa kuphela uma itshe likhulu kakhulu noma linesimo esingajwayelekile.
• Ama-stents e-Ureteral: Lawa ngamapayipi amancane, aguquguqukayo, esikhashana asiza ukugcina i-urethra ivulekile, evumela umchamo ukuthi ugeleze eduze kwetshe eliyivimbayo.
• Ukwelashwa Okuxoshwe Emsebenzini (i-MET): Lokhu kusebenza kakhulu ematsheni amancane angaphansi komgudu womchamo. Kusebenzisa imithi efana nama-alpha-blockers, ama-calcium channel blockers, ama-corticosteroids, kanye nama-phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5).

Imithi ekhethekile yezinhlobo ezithile zamatshe

Lezi zinhlobo zemithi zinganikezwa abantu abathola izinhlobo ezithile zamatshe omchamo, ikakhulukazi:

• Ngamatshe e-calcium:
• I-Potassium citrate: Lokhu kwenza umchamo ube ne-alkaline kakhulu futhi kunciphisa i-asidi.
• Ama-diuretics: Lawa asiza ukususa uketshezi oluningi kanye ne-calcium emzimbeni ngomchamo.
• Ngamatshe e-struvite:
• Ama-antibiotic: Lena imithi elwa nokutheleleka ngamagciwane.
• I-Acetohydroxamic acid: Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukunqwabelana kwe-ammonia emchameni.
• Ngamatshe e-cystine:
• I-Tiopronin (mercaptopropionyl glycine): Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela amatshe ezinso kubantu abane-cystinuria.
• `I-potassium citrate`.

Ngizinakekela kanjani/ngiphatha kanjani izimpawu?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi, njengamanzi. Ukuphuza okungenani amalitha amabili kuya kwamathathu oketshezi ngosuku kungasiza ekukhipheni amatshe amancane omchamo.

Imithi elwa nokuvuvukala engeyona eye-steroidal (ama-NSAID) ingathengwa ekhemisi ngenxa yobuhlungu obuncane noma ukungakhululeki. Ama-NSAID asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-aspirin, i-ibuprofen, ne-naproxen. Akuwona wonke umuntu ongathatha la ma-NSAID, ngakho-ke kuwumqondo omuhle ukubuza udokotela wakho noma usokhemisi ngaphambi kokuwasebenzisa.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ngemva kokwelashwa?

Iningi labantu lizizwa lingcono ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, ungase ube nemiphumela emibi kuze kube yilapho itshe lokugcina seliphumile emzimbeni wakho.

Ukuvimbela kanjani ukwakheka kwamatshe omchamo?

Kunezindlela eziningi zokuvimbela ukwakheka kwamatshe omchamo:

• Phuza uketshezi oluningi: Kungumqondo omuhle ukuphuza okungenani amalitha amabili kuya kwamathathu oketshezi ngosuku. Amanzi angcono kakhulu, kodwa ezinye uketshezi ezifana ne-lemonade nejusi le-orange nazo zilungile.
• Nciphisa amaprotheni ezilwane: Amaprotheni ezilwane afana nenyama, amaqanda, nenhlanzi andisa inani le-uric acid emzimbeni wakho. Ama-lentile, ubhontshisi, uphizi oluhlaza, i-seitan, ne-tofu kuyimithombo emihle yamaprotheni angakhulisi amazinga e-uric acid.
• Nciphisa i-sodium ekudleni kwakho: Ukudla usawoti ongaphansi kwama-milligram angu-1,500 ngosuku kunganciphisa ingozi yokuthola amatshe ezinso. Ungashintsha usawoti ngezinto ezithatha indawo kasawoti, izinongo, ujusi kalamula, kanye noviniga onongiwe.
• Nciphisa ukudla okune-oxalate eningi: I-Oxalate iyisakhi esitholakala ekudleni okufana nesipinashi, ama-alimondi, ama-cashew, namazambane. Kodwa-ke, ukudla neziphuzo ezicebile nge-calcium kungasiza ekuvimbeleni amatshe e-oxalate.

Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi uchamele ku-strainer noma ku-filter ekhethekile kuze kube yilapho itshe lakho lidlula. Itshe liyasuswa bese kuhlaziywa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali alo. Ngokusekelwe kulolo lwazi, udokotela wakho angakha uhlelo lokwelapha ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwamatshe futhi.

Yini engingayilindela uma nginamatshe ezinso?

Uma kutholakale ukuthi une-renal stones, isibikezelo kubantu abanamatshe ezinso sihle. Kodwa-ke, kunethuba lokuthi uzophinde ube namatshe ezinso.

Abantu abaningi badlula amatshe ezinso amancane ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Kumatshe amakhulu, ukwelashwa kungaphula itshe futhi kukuvumele ukuthi ulidlulise wena ngokwakho, noma udokotela angalisusa. Imithi ingasiza futhi ekususeni amatshe ezinso futhi iwavimbele ukuthi angaphinde akheke.

Uma uke waba namatshe omchamo angaphezu kwelilodwa, udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthola imbangela. Ngemva kwalokho kuhlaziywa, ungenza izinguquko endleleni yakho yokuphila ukuze uvimbele ukwakheka kwamatshe futhi.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma uzwa izimpawu zamatshe ezinso, bheka udokotela ngokushesha. Uma ubuhlungu bakho bungabekezeleleki, angase akunike imithi yobuhlungu kanye nesicanucanu/ukuhlanza.

Uma unetshe lezinso, udokotela angathola indawo yalo futhi akunikeze ukwelashwa okufanele.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho?

• Ubona kanjani ukuthi nginetshe lezinso?
• Uma ngingenalo itshe lezinso, yisiphi esinye isimo sempilo engingaba naso?
• Uhlobo luni lwetshe lezinso enginalo?
• Itshe lami lomchamo likhulu kangakanani?
• Itshe lami likuyiphi i-urethra?
• Mangaki amatshe omchamo enginawo?
• Ngizokwazi yini ukuphuzwa nje leli tshe lezinso, noma ngidinga ukwelashwa?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kimi ukususa itshe lomchamo wami?
• Ngingakuvimbela kanjani ukwakheka kwamatshe omchamo futhi?
• Yiziphi izinguquko okufanele ngizenze ekudleni kwami?
• Ingabe ngidinga ukuthatha noma yimiphi imithi yokuvimbela ukwakheka kwamatshe ezinso futhi?

Ekugcineni, umyalezo okufanele uwuthathe uye ekhaya:

Ukuba namatshe ezinso kuyinto ecasulayo futhi ebuhlungu ngempela. Kodwa-ke, lesi yisimo sesikhashana. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuvimbela izimpawu zakho ukuba zingabi zimbi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kuwukuhlakanipha ukubona udokotela ngokushesha nje lapho ubona izimpawu zamatshe ezinso. Uzokunikeza nemiyalelo edingekayo yokuvimbela ukwakheka kwamatshe ezinso futhi. Ungakhathazeki, lesi simo singaphathwa kahle ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokushintsha indlela yokuphila!

Amatshe omchamo , amatshe ezinso, umgudu womchamo, ubuhlungu, izifo zomgudu womchamo, ukwelashwa, ukuvimbela