Ingabe unomdlavuza emlonyeni wakho ongaphezulu? (Umdlavuza Womlomo Oqinile) - Masiqaphele lokhu!

Wake waphawula into engavamile, njengesilonda esingapholi, engxenyeni eqinile yophahla lomlomo wakho, ingxenye enzima esiyithintayo lapho sikhuluma noma sidla? Cishe awuzange ucabange kakhulu ngayo. Kodwa, umdlavuza okhula ophahleni lomlomo wakho, njengoba odokotela bewubiza kanjalo (umdlavuza we-Hard Palate) , yinto okufanele siyiqaphele nakanjani. Nakuba lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile, okusho ukuthi lwakha iphesenti elincane lomdlavuza womlomo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi mina nawe sikuqaphele lokhu.

Uyini Umdlavuza We-Hard Palate?

Kalula nje, lo mdlavuza ukhula engxenyeni eqinile yophahla lomlomo wethu, ulwanga olunamathambo. Lo mdlavuza uhlukanisa umlomo wethu nolwanga lwekhala (isikhala esingaphakathi kwekhala). Lo mdlavuza ungafika ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko. Olunye uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi i-'Squamous Cell Carcinoma' . Lo mdlavuza ukhula emaseli ayisicaba angaphakathi komlomo. Olunye uhlobo lomdlavuza oluhlobene nezindlala zamathe '(Salivary Gland Cancer)' .

Cabanga ngakho, kufana nenkinga encane ngophahla lwendlu yethu engonakalisa wonke umdlalo. Uphahla lomlomo wethu luyindawo ebaluleke kakhulu kithi yokuxoxa nokudla. Yingakho kudingeka siyinakekele.

Lona umdlavuza awuvamile kakhulu. Ngisho nasemazweni afana ne-United States, umdlavuza womlomo ubanga cishe u-3% wazo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Phakathi kwalezi, u-1% kuya ku-5% kuphela owumdlavuza womlomo ongaphezulu. Kodwa-ke, yize ungavamile, umthelela onawo kumuntu mkhulu kakhulu.

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?

Manje ake sibheke izimpawu esingase sizibone kulesi simo. Kungenzeka ukuthi nawe uke wabhekana nenye noma ezimbili zalezi.

• Isilonda esisophahleni lomlomo esingeke siphole: Lesi yisibonakaliso esiyinhloko nesivame kakhulu. Uma siqala njengesilonda esincane futhi singapholi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kufanele ube nokungabaza.
• Umoya omubi (i-Halitosis): Uma usenephunga elibi emlonyeni wakho ngisho nangemva kokuxubha nokuhlanza umlomo wakho, lokho kungaba uphawu.
• Ukuzizwa sengathi amazinyo akho ayaxega: Uma amazinyo akho ezwakala exega kancane noma exega.
• Kulabo abagqoka amazinyo okufakelwa: Uma ugqoka amazinyo okufakelwa, angase angangeni kahle emlonyeni wakho njengoba ayenjalo ngaphambili, futhi angase azwakale eqinile.
• Ubunzima bokugwinya (i-Dysphagia): Umuzwa wokuminyana noma ubunzima bokugwinya ukudla noma isiphuzo.
• Iqhubu entanyeni: Ngezinye izikhathi ungase uzwe iqhubu elincane noma inqwaba efana neqhubu ohlangothini lwentamo yakho. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwama-lymph node.

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, sicela ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha . Ungasinaki.

Yini ebangela lo mdlavuza?

Ngokusho kwabacwaningi bezokwelapha, kunezici ezimbili eziyinhloko ezibangela ukuthuthukiswa kwalolu hlobo lomdlavuza:

1. Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi:Ukusetshenziswa kogwayi, ugwayi, ama-beedis, kanye nogwayi ongenantuthu (isb., ugwayi ohlafunwayo) kuyimbangela enkulu yalokhu.

2. Ukuphuza utshwala: Ukuphuza utshwala njalo futhi ngokweqile nakho kwandisa ingozi yalo mdlavuza.

"Eqinisweni, uma uphuza utshwala ngenkathi ubhema, le ngozi iyanda kakhulu."

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona uma zingelashwa?

Uma isifo esinjengalesi singelashwa kahle, ngeke sihlale lapho nje. Amaseli omdlavuza azoqala ukusabalala.

• Kungasakazeka kuqala kuma-lymph node entanyeni.
• Ngemuva kwalokho, ingasakazekela ngisho nasezindleleni zamakhala.
• Amaseli omdlavuza afinyelele kuma-lymph node angahamba emzimbeni wonke futhi akhe amathumba amasha, noma ama-metastases , kwezinye izitho zomzimba. Uma lokho kwenzeka, isimo siba sibi nakakhulu.

Odokotela basithola kanjani lesi sifo?

Uma uya kudokotela, uzoqala akubuze ngezimpawu zakho. Isibonelo:

• "Ingabe uzwa ubuhlungu ophahleni lomlomo wakho?"
• "Kusukela nini wabona ushintsho kulelo nxeba?"
• "Ingabe kuya ngokuya kukhula?"
• "Ingabe inxeba liphuma igazi?"
• "Kunzima yini ukugwinya?"

Ngaphezu kwalokho, singase sibuze nangeminye yemikhuba yakho:

• "Uyawusebenzisa ugwayi (ugwayi, ugwayi ohlafunwayo, njll.)?"
• "Usebenzisa utshwala obungakanani?"

Ngemuva kwalokho, udokotela uzohlola ngokucophelela ingaphakathi lomlomo wakho futhi azwe amaqhubu entanyeni yakho ukuze abone ukuthi avuvukile yini.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ngalokhu?

Ngemva kwezimpawu kanye nokuhlolwa kokuqala, kuzodingeka kwenziwe izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo nokunquma ubukhulu baso.

1. Ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy:

Lolu wuhlolo oluyinhloko lokunquma ukuthi umdlavuza noma cha. Okwenziwa lapha ukuthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu ezivela esilondeni noma esimila bese uyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze ubone ukuthi kukhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Loluhlolo lwenziwa odokotela abangochwepheshe ababizwa ngokuthi 'i-Medical Pathologists' . Uma kwenzeka umdlavuza womlomo ongaphezulu, babheka ukuthi izicubu zinezici ze-'Squamous Cell Carcinoma' kanye ne-'Salivary Gland Cancer'.

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwenza i-biopsy:

• `I-Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy`: Isampula encane yamaseli isuswa esimila kusetshenziswa inalithi encane kanye nesirinji.
• `I-Punch Biopsy`: Kwenziwa imbobo encane esigaxeni ngethuluzi elikhethekile bese kuthathwa ingcezu yezicubu.
• I-Incisional Biopsy: Kwenziwa i-incision encane bese kususwa ingcezu yezicubu esiqwini nge-scalpel.

2. Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe:

Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuqinisekisa ukuthi umdlavuza, lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umdlavuza mkhulu kangakanani nokuthi ususakazeke kangakanani.

• `I-Computed Tomography (CT) Scan` (I-CT Scan):Lokhu kusenza sibone ngokucacile ubukhulu bomdlavuza, ukuthi ngabe ususakazeke ethanjeni lekhanda, noma ukuthi ususakazeke yini ema-lymph node entanyeni.
• `I-Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan` (I-PET scan): Lokhu kusiza ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza awusakazekanga yini kuphela kuma-lymph node entanyeni, kodwa nasezindaweni ezikude zomzimba, njengamaphaphu.

Yiziphi izigaba zomdlavuza wesibeletho?

Odokotela basebenzisa ulwazi oluvela ezivivinyweni (i-biopsy, ama-scan) okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla ukuze bathole isigaba somdlavuza. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-cancer staging . Kalula nje, kukutshela ukuthi umdlavuza usukhule kangakanani nokuthi ususakazeke kangakanani. Uhlobo olufanayo lwesistimu ye-staging lusetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza womlomo.

Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa indlela ebizwa ngokuthi indlela ethi `TNM` :

• I-T (Isimila): Lokhu kubhekisela kusayizi nendawo yesimila. Kubheka nokuthi isimila singene kangakanani esicutshini (`ukujula kokuhlasela`).
• N (Ama-Node): Lokhu kukutshela ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele kuma-lymph node aseduze, futhi uma kunjalo, ngezinga elingakanani.
• M (Metastasis): Lokhu kubhekisela ekutheni umdlavuza ususakazeke yini ('metastasis') ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba (isib. amaphaphu, isibindi, amathambo) kusukela lapho waqala khona.

Amacala esimila aphinyiselwa ngohlamvu u-T:

• I-Tis `(Carcinoma in situ)`: Lesi yisigaba sokuqala. Amaseli omdlavuza asengqimbeni eyodwa kuphela yezicubu.
• I-T1: Isimila singamasentimitha amabili noma ngaphansi. Ukujula kokungena kwezicubu kungamamilimitha ama-5 noma ngaphansi.
• I-T2: Isimila siphakathi kwamasentimitha amabili kuya kwamane ngobukhulu. Ukujula kokungena kwezicubu kuphakathi kwamamilimitha amahlanu kuya kwayishumi.
• I-T3: Isimila sikhulu kunamasentimitha angu-4, noma sikhule sajula ngaphezu kwamamilimitha ayi-10 esicutshini.
• I-T4: Isimila sisakazekele emathanjeni aseduze (isib., ugebhezi, amathambo ekhala).

Izigaba ezibalulekile ngezinombolo (Izigaba I-IV):

Manje, lezi zigaba eziyinhloko zinqunywa ngokuqoqa lolo lwazi lwe-'TNM'.

• Isigaba I: Isimila sisezingeni le-T1 (ngaphansi kuka-2 cm, ngaphansi kuka-5 mm ukujula). Asikasabalali siye kuma-lymph node noma ezindaweni ezikude.
• Isigaba II: Isimila sisezingeni le-T2 (2-4 cm, 5-10 mm ukujula). Asikasabalali siye kuma-lymph node noma ezindaweni ezikude.
• Isigaba III: Isimila singaba yi-T3 (esikhulu kuno-4 cm, noma sijule kuno-10 mm), noma singaba yi-T1 noma i-T2, kodwa sisakazeke ku-lymph node eyodwa eseduze (okumelwe futhi ibe ngaphansi kuno-3 cm). Asisakazekanga ezindaweni ezikude.
• Isigaba IV: Lokhu kuhlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu (i-IVa, i-IVb, i-IVc).
• IVa: Isimila sisezingeni le-T4a (sisakazekele emathanjeni azungezile, esikhumbeni, njll.) noma sisakazekele kumaqhubu angaphezu kwelilodwa, noma sisakazekele kumaqhubu amakhulu. Kodwa asisakazekelanga ngale komgodi wempumulo.
• i-IVb:Umdlavuza ususakazeke ngale kwekhanda, noma ezindaweni ezijulile zentamo, njengemisipha nemisipha, noma usesigabeni se-T4b (usakazeke phansi kwekhanda, uzungeze imithambo yegazi eyinhloko entanyeni).
• IVc: Umdlavuza ususakazekele ngale kwamathambo angenhla kanye nentamo waya ezithweni ezikude emzimbeni (isib., amaphaphu).

Le nqubo yokubeka izigaba ingase ibonakale iyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa ungakhathazeki. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela konke. Uma kukhona ongakuqondi, ungesabi ukubuza futhi.

Kuphathwa kanjani lokhu?

Ezimweni eziningi, ukwelashwa okuyinhloko komdlavuza wekhanda nentamo ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isimila. Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele kuma-lymph node entanyeni, lawo ma-node angadinga nokususwa ngokuhlinzwa.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlinzwa:

1. Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Maxillectomy: Lokhu kuyindlela yokuhlinzwa yokususa isimila esinomdlavuza ophahleni lomlomo. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungenziwa ukusikwa okuncane ophahleni lomlomo ukuze kususwe isimila. Kodwa-ke, uma isimila sikhulu, ingxenye noma lonke uphahla lomlomo kungadingeka kususwe. Ukuze kugcwaliswe isikhala esishiywe yilokhu kususwa, odokotela basebenzisa ipuleti ekhethekile ye-acrylic ebizwa ngokuthi i -'palatal plate' (efana nesethi yamazinyo okwenziwa). Noma, bathatha izicubu kwenye ingxenye yomzimba (njengengalo noma umlenze) bagcwalise isikhala (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'ukuhlinzwa kwe-flap').

2. Ukusikwa Kwentamo: Ngenxa yokuthi umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ungasakazeka uye kuma-lymph node entanyeni, futhi uma kwenzeka, ungasakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba, odokotela ngezinye izikhathi basusa amanye noma wonke ama-lymph node entanyeni.

Izinkinga ezingaba khona kanye nemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa

Kunezinkinga ezithile ezingaba khona ngokuhlinzwa. Kuhle futhi ukuqaphela lezi:

• Ubunzima bokukhuluma, ukugwinya, nokudla: Ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cleft palate, kungaba nzima ukuhlafuna nokugwinya ukudla. Ungase ube nobunzima bokukhuluma. Lokhu kungadinga ukuhlinzwa okwengeziwe noma ukwelashwa kokukhuluma.
• Ukulimala kwemizwa: Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe iqhubu entanyeni, eminye imizwa ezungezile ingase yonakale.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ngaphezu kokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe noma ngamakhemikhali kunganikezwa, kuye ngesigaba somdlavuza nezinye izici.

Ingabe lo mdlavuza ungavinjelwa?

Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukukuvimbela ngokuphelele, kunezinto esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi. Masiqaphele konke lokhu:

• Gwema ukusebenzisa ugwayi: Uma ubhema ugwayi noma usebenzisa ezinye izinhlobo zikagwayi, zama ukuyeka . Uma udinga usizo ngalokhu, khuluma nodokotela bese uthola ngezinhlelo ezitholakalayo.
• Nciphisa utshwala:Uma uphuza utshwala njalo, yehlisa inani kanye nezikhathi zokuphuza. Uma ucabanga ukuthi unenkinga ngotshwala, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngalokho.
• Ukudla okunempilo: Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo okunezithelo nemifino eminingi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamazinyo njalo: Hlola umlomo wakho kudokotela wamazinyo okungenani kanye ngonyaka. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolwa komdlavuza womlomo okungenani njalo eminyakeni emithathu kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-20 no-40, kanye ngonyaka kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-40.

Ingabe umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ungelapheka?

Yebo, ingelapheka . Ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zokuqala, okusho ukuthi uma isimila sitholakala sisesincane, kunethuba elikhulu lokwelashwa okuphelele ngokuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, uma isimila sikhulu futhi sesisakazekile, ukwelashwa kunzima kancane. Futhi, noma ngabe selapheka ngemva kokwelashwa, ngezinye izikhathi lo mdlavuza 'ungaphinde ubuye' ngemva kweminyaka eminingi. Yingakho kunconywa ukuthi uqhubeke nokuya kokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.

Ngizinakekela kanjani? Yini okufanele ngiyenze ngemva kokwelashwa?

Uma unomdlavuza womlomo ongaphezulu, ungadinga usizo lokulawula imiphumela emibi (njengobunzima bokugwinya) ngemuva kokwelashwa. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukwesekwa okuvela kochwepheshe bezokudla kanye nabelaphi bezokukhuluma.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuya kohlolwa njalo . Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi umdlavuza awuphinde ubuye yini futhi kuqashwe impilo yakho iyonke.

Ngokwezincomo zeNational Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), ukuhlolwa kufanele kuqhubeke okungenani iminyaka eyi-10 ngemuva kokuqedwa kokwelashwa. Nasi isheduli:

• Unyaka wokuqala: Kanye njalo ngenyanga eyodwa kuya kwezintathu.
• Unyaka wesibili: Njalo ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kweziyisithupha.
• Kusukela onyakeni wesihlanu kuya koweshumi: Kanye ngonyaka.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Ungabuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• "Ingabe lesi simila singasuswa ngokuhlinzwa?"
• "Ukuhlinzwa kuzongithinta kanjani?"
• "Ingabe ukuhlinzwa kuzongiphulukisa ngokuphelele?"
• "Ingabe kuzodingeka ngihlinzwe ngaphezu kokukodwa?"
• "Yiziphi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha engizozidinga?"

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Umdlavuza we-Hard palate uyisifo esingavamile kodwa esingaba yingozi. Ukusebenzisa ugwayi nokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile kuyizinto eziyingozi kakhulu. Uma unezimpawu ezifana nezilonda ezingapheli emlonyeni wakho, ubunzima bokugwinya, noma umoya omubi, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha . Uma kutholakala kusenesikhathi, ukuhlinzwa kungayiqeda leso simo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuba nokuhlolwa njalo ngemva kokwelashwa. Nakekela impilo yakho.

Umdlavuza Wezinhlungu Eziqinile, Umdlavuza Wezinhlungu Eziphezulu, Umdlavuza Womlomo, I-Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Umdlavuza Wezindlala Zamathe, Izimpawu Zomdlavuza