Ingabe uvame ukuba nomphimbo obuhlungu, ushintsho ezwini lakho, noma ubuhlungu emlonyeni wakho obungapholi? Ungase ucabange ukuthi umkhuhlane nje ovamile. Kodwa lezi zimpawu ezincane ngezinye izikhathi zingaba uphawu lwento engathi sína. Namuhla sizokhuluma "ngomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo," abantu abaningi abangawunaki kakhulu, kodwa ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu.
Kalula nje, uyini umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo?
"Umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo" akuyona uhlobo olulodwa lomdlavuza. Sisebenzisa leli gama ndawonye ezinhlotsheni eziningana zomdlavuza eziqala ezindaweni ezahlukene ekhanda lakho nasentanyeni. Iningi lalezi ziqala ohlotsheni lweseli oluhlanganisa ulwelwesi olumanzi ngaphakathi komlomo wakho, emphinjeni (esifubeni), emphinjeni nasekhaleni. Ngokwezokwelapha sibiza lawa maseli ngokuthi amangqamuzana angama-squamous . Yingakho amaningi alawa ma-cancer abizwa ngokuthi i-Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) .
Uma kutholakala ukuthi unalolu hlobo lomdlavuza, udokotela wakho womdlavuza uzosebenza nawe ukuze anqume ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezikulungele. Umgomo oyinhloko lapha ukulondoloza izingxenye zomzimba eziningi ezisisiza ukuthi sikhulume, sidle, futhi siveze ubuso ngangokunokwenzeka ngenkathi silwa nalesi sifo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma lo mdlavuza usheshe utholakale futhi welashwe, amathuba okwelapha lesi sifo unomphela ayanda.
Yiziphi izindawo eziyinhloko lapho kwenzeka khona la makhambi?
Uma sikhuluma ngomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo, uhlanganisa kakhulu umdlavuza okhula emlonyeni wakho, emphinjeni nakwezinye izindawo ezizungezile. Ake sibheke ukuthi uyini.
| Uhlobo lomdlavuza | Incazelo yendawo okwenzeka kuyo |
|---|---|
| Umdlavuza Womlomo | Kwenzeka ezindaweni ezifana nezindebe, izinsini, ulimi, izihlathi, kanye nezinhlangothi zangaphakathi zezindebe, ulwanga oluphezulu nolungezansi lomlomo, kanye nendawo engemuva kwezinyo lokugcina. |
| Umdlavuza Wendlala Yamathe | Umdlavuza owenzeka ezindlaleni zamathe. |
| Umgodi Wekhala kanye Nomdlavuza Wesinus weParanasal | Kwenzeka emgodini wekhala noma emigodini emathanjeni azungeze ikhala (ama-paranasal sinuses). |
| Umdlavuza Wekhala | Umdlavuza owenzeka engxenyeni engenhla yomphimbo (nasopharynx). |
| Umdlavuza We-Oropharyngeal | Umdlavuza owenzeka engxenyeni ephakathi yomphimbo (oropharynx). Lokhu kufaka phakathi amathonsi kanye nesisekelo solimi. |
| Umdlavuza we-Hypopharyngeal | Umdlavuza owenzeka engxenyeni engezansi yomphimbo (i-hypopharynx). |
| Umdlavuza We-Laryngeal | Umdlavuza okhula elarynx, lapho kutholakala khona izintambo zakho zezwi. |
Yiziphi izimpawu zalezi zinhlansi?
Izimpawu zomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo zivame ukuba zingabonakali ezigabeni zokuqala. Zingase zizwakale njengomphimbo obuhlungu noma umkhuhlane. Kodwa-ke , umphimbo obuhlungu oqhubekayo uphawu oluvame kakhulu lwalezi zinhlayiya.
Kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza, ungase ube nezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Umphimbo obuhlungu ongapheli.
- Ubuhlungu bendlebe obuqhubekayo noma izimpawu zokutheleleka kwendlebe (ikakhulukazi uma udokotela wakho ehlola indlebe yakho futhi ibonakala ijwayelekile).
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda obuhlala bukhona.
- Ubuhlungu obungapheli ebusweni noma entanyeni.
- Ubuhlungu emazinyweni angaphezulu.
- Ubuhlungu lapho uhlafuna noma ugwinya ukudla.
- Ukushoshozela noma ukushintsha kwezwi.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukukhuluma.
Ungase futhi uqaphele izinguquko ezithile ezibonakalayo ngaphandle :
- Iqhubu emphinjeni, emlonyeni, noma entanyeni.
- Isilonda emlonyeni noma olimini esingapholi.
- Ukopha kaningi ekhaleni, igazi ematheni noma emathunjini.
- Ibala elimhlophe noma elibomvu ezinsinini, olimini, noma ngaphakathi emlonyeni.
- Ukuvuvukala emhlathini, entanyeni, noma ohlangothini lobuso (lokhu kungabangela ukuthi amazinyo akho okufakelwa angalingani kahle).
Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, bona udokotela ngokushesha . Lezi kungaba izimpawu zesimo esingesibi kangako, kodwa udinga ukuhlolwa okufanele ukuze wazi ngokuqinisekile.
Kungani lezi zinhlanzana zikhula? Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?
Njenganoma yimuphi umdlavuza, umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo uqala lapho iseli elijwayelekile liba elingavamile (elibi) bese liqala ukuhlukana ngokungalawuleki. Leli qoqo lamaseli lakha isimila. Lesi simila singangena ezicutshini ezizungezile futhi sisakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
Ngale ndlela, abacwaningi bathole izici eziningana ezibalulekile ezingabangela ukuthi iseli elivamile libe iseli lomdlavuza.
Izici eziyinhloko zengozi
- Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi: Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi kuholela ku-70% kuya ku-80% womdlavuza wekhanda nentamo emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukubhema ugwayi, ugwayi, ukuhlafuna ugwayi kanye ne-snuff. Ukuchayeka entuthwini yokubhema kwandisa nengozi.
- Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile: Ukuphuza utshwala kwandisa nengozi yakho, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa utshwala kanye nogwayi.
- I-Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Ukutheleleka kwe-HPV manje sekudlule ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi njengesici esiyinhloko sengozi yomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo emazweni athuthukile.
- Ukuhlafuna i-betel: Ukuhlafuna i-betel kuwumkhuba ovame kakhulu eNingizimu naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, okuhlanganisa nezwe lethu. Umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo ongaphezu kwengxenye kulesi sifunda ubangelwa ukuhlafuna i-betel. Ingozi yomdlavuza womlomo iphezulu kakhulu uma kuhlanganiswa i-betel, i-lime, nogwayi.
Ezinye izinto eziyingozi
- Igciwane le-Epstein-Barr (EBV): Ukutheleleka ngaleli gciwane kungabangela umdlavuza we-nasopharyngeal noma umdlavuza we-salivary gland.
- Isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka: Uma isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sibuthakathaka, ikhono lomzimba lokulwa nomdlavuza liyancipha. Kukhona ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza ngenxa yesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka, njengokutheleleka nge-HIV kanye nangemva kokuhlinzwa njengokufakelwa izitho zomzimba.
- Izimbangela zofuzo: Ezinye izakhi zofuzo zingandisa ingozi yomdlavuza. Isibonelo, abantu abane-Fanconi anemia basengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo.
- Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezintweni ezibangela umdlavuza:Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezintweni ezifana ne-asbestos, izibulala-zinambuzane, uthuli lwezinkuni, kanye nentuthu yopende kungabangela umdlavuza.
- Ukuchayeka emisebeni: Ukuthola ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngaphambili endaweni yekhanda noma yentamo nakho kuyisici esiyingozi.
- Ukudla okunosawoti nokugciniwe: Ukudla njalo inyama nenhlanzi okunosawoti nokugciniwe kungandisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-nasopharyngeal.
- Ukunganaki impilo yomlomo: Ukungawanakekeli kahle amazinyo nezinsini zakho kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza womlomo.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Ukuxilongwa kuvame ukuqala ngokuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Udokotela uzohlola ngokucophelela umlomo wakho, izikhala zamakhala, umphimbo kanye nentamo. Uzozwa nanoma yiziphi izigaxa entanyeni, ezindebeni, ezinsinini nasezihlathini zakho.
Ngemva kwalolo vivinyo, kungadingeka ukuthi ube nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe okuningana.
- I-Endoscopy: Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa ipayipi elincane, elikhanyisiwe ukuhlola ingaphakathi lekhala lakho, umphimbo, noma i-larynx.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Ukuhlolwa okufana ne-X-ray yekhanda nentamo, ukuskena kwe-CT, ukuskena kwe-MRI, kanye nokuskena kwe-PET kungabona izimila emzimbeni.
- Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu: Uma ubona noma yini esolisayo, ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV kungenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi umdlavuza ubangelwa yigciwane le-HPV.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwezicubu: Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuqiniseka ngokuphelele ukuthi iqhubu linomdlavuza noma cha ukwenza i-biopsy. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ucezu oluncane lwezicubu esiqhubu bese luhlolwa ukuze kutholakale amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Umdlavuza welashwa kanjani?
Izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo yilezi:
- Ukuhlinzwa: Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, odokotela abahlinzayo bazama ukususa isimila somdlavuza kanye nenani elincane lezicubu ezinempilo ezisizungezile. Uma kukhona okusolakala ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekile, ama-lymph node entanyeni nawo angasuswa.
- Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe: Lokhu kuhilela ukuqondisa ama-X-ray anamandla aphezulu kumaseli omdlavuza ukuze awabhubhise. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kunganikezwa kodwa noma kuhlanganiswe nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njengokuhlinzwa kanye ne-chemotherapy.
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Lokhu kusebenzisa imithi ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezigabeni ezithuthukile zomdlavuza lapho umdlavuza ususakazeke khona.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko, udokotela wakho angase ancome ezinye izindlela zokwelapha uma umdlavuza usuqhubekele phambili noma uma uphinda ubuye ngemva kokwelashwa.
- Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe: Le mithi isebenza ezinhlosweni ezithile zamaseli omdlavuza futhi iyeke ukukhula kwawo.
- Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy:Le mithi isiza amasosha omzimba wakho ukuthi aqaphele futhi abhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
- Izivivinyo Zemitholampilo: Lezi yizifundo ezihlola ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwezindlela ezintsha zokwelapha. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi ungahlanganyela yini kolunye.
Ingabe lo mdlavuza ungavinjelwa?
Yebo ungakwenza. Ungathatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela iningi lomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo. Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze uzivikele:
- Gwema ugwayi ngokuphelele. Yeka ukubhema ugwayi, ugwayi, ukuhlafuna ugwayi, kanye noshungamu.
- Nciphisa ukuphuza utshwala. Ukunciphisa noma ukuyeka ngokuphelele ukuphuza utshwala kunganciphisa ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza.
- Thola umuthi wokugomela i-HPV. Lo muthi wokugomela usiza ekuvikeleni izinhlobo zegciwane le-HPV ezibanga umdlavuza.
- Zivikele elangeni. Ukufaka isithako sokuvikela ilanga nokugqoka izingubo ezimboza isikhumba sakho uma uselangeni kungakusiza ekuvikeleni emdlavuza wesikhumba.
- Nakekela impilo yomlomo wakho. Hlanza amazinyo akho nsuku zonke futhi ugcine izinsini zakho ziphilile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo yiqembu lomdlavuza ongavela ezindaweni ezifana nomlomo, umphimbo, ikhala kanye ne-larynx.
- Ungathathi izimpawu ezifana nomphimbo obuhlungu ongapheli, isilonda emlonyeni wakho esingeke siphole, iqhubu entanyeni yakho, noma ukushintsha kwezwi lakho kancane.
- Ukubhema nokuhlafuna i-betel nut yizinto ezimbili eziyinhloko ezibangela lo mdlavuza ezweni lethu. Ukuphuza utshwala nakho kwandisa ingozi.
- Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Ngokutholakala nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi, eziningi zalezi zinhlanzana zingelapheka ngokuphelele.
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