Ingabe ingane yakho encane inesifo sokuwa njalo? Kumelwe ukuba ukhathazekile kakhulu ngoba awukwazi ukuyilawula naphezu kwayo yonke imithi abayinikezayo. Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela bakhuluma ngokuhlinzwa okukhulu okubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Hemispherectomy' esimweni esinjalo. Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kakhulu uma uzwa leli gama. Ngoba lokhu kusho ukususa ingxenye yobuchopho. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, namuhla sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Hemispherectomy?
I-Hemispherectomy ukususwa kobuchopho bengane noma ingxenye yabo (ohlangothini olulodwa) noma ukunqamula ukuxhumana kwabo nobuchopho bonke. Igama elithi "Hemi" lisho "ingxenye." Lokhu ukuhlinzwa okungajwayelekile kakhulu, okukhethekile kakhulu.
Lokhu kwenziwa kakhulu ezinganeni ezinesifo sokuwa esingenakulawulwa ngemithi. Kubantwana abanjalo, uhlangothi olulodwa lobuchopho aluvamile nhlobo, futhi lolo hlangothi yilona olubangela ukuwa. Ngakho-ke umgomo walokhu kuhlinzwa ukuvimba ukuwa ngokususa noma ukunqamula leyo ngxenye egulayo.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu kuhlinzwa.
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwenza lokhu kuhlinzwa. Odokotela bazokhetha indlela efanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe esimweni sengane yakho.
| Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-Hemisphereectomy Esebenzayo (Engaxhumani) | Le ndlela ihilela ukususa ingxenye encane yohlangothi lobuchopho olugulayo, ihlukanise ngokuphelele ukuxhumana phakathi kwalolo hlangothi nohlangothi oluphilile. Lokhu akususi ingxenye enkulu yobuchopho. Ngakho-ke, ingozi yezinkinga iphansi. Le ndlela ivame ukuzama kuqala. |
| I-Anatomic Hemisphereectomy | Kule nqubo, udokotela ohlinzayo ususa wonke ama-lobe amane amakhulu obuchopho (ama-frontal, parietal, temporal, kanye nama-occipital lobes) ohlangothini oluthintekile. Le nqubo isetshenziswa kuphela uma ukuquleka kungalawulwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa okusebenzayo. Kunengozi enkulu kancane yezinkinga, njengokuphuma kwegazi ngokweqile. |
Into ebalulekile ukuthi impumelelo yazo zombili izindlela iyafana. Zombili izindlela zinekhono elihle lokuvimba ukulingana.
Hlobo luni lwezingane oludinga lokhu kuhlinzwa?
Lokhu kuhlinzwa akwenziwa yiwo wonke umntwana onesifo sokuwa. Kwenziwa ezimweni ezikhethekile kakhulu. Uma ingane yakho inezimpawu noma izimo ezilandelayo, udokotela wakho angase acabangele lokhu kuhlinzwa:
- Ukuba nesithuthwane (isithuthwane) esingenakulawuleka ngemithi .
- Ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba. Isibonelo, ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa ingalo eyodwa kanye nenye.
- Ukulahlekelwa umbono ongaphandle.
- Ukuskena kobuchopho nge-MRI kukhombisa ukungajwayelekile ohlangothini olulodwa lobuchopho.
- Ukukhubazeka okuvamile kungabangela ukubambezeleka kokukhula kwengane kanye nokukhula kwayo .
Izimo ezingabangela lezi zimpawu:
- Ukukhubazeka Kokuthuthukiswa Kwe-Cortical: Amaphutha athile ayenzeka ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwe-cortex yobuchopho.
- I-Perinatal Infarction (Stroke): I-stroke eyenzeka esibelethweni noma ngemva kokuzalwa.
- I-Hemimegalencephaly: Uhlangothi olulodwa lobuchopho lukhulu ngokungavamile kunolunye.
- I-Sturge-Weber Syndrome: Isimo lapho imithambo yegazi ikhula ngendlela engajwayelekile. Lokhu kungavela nasebuchosheni.
- I-Rasmussen's Encephalitis: Isimo esithinta uhlangothi olulodwa lobuchopho futhi esibangela ukuquleka ngenxa yokuvuvukala.
Kwenzekani ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokuhlinzwa?
Ukulungiselela ingane yakho ukuhlinzwa okukhulu kangaka kungaba yinselele enkulu kuwe, kodwa odokotela nabahlengikazi esibhedlela bazokusiza ngokuchaza konke.
Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa
Ngosuku olungaphambi kokuhlinzwa, uzocelwa ukuthi uyeke ukudla nokuphuza ngemva kwesikhathi esithile. Uzonikezwa imiyalelo ecacile yokuthi yimiphi imithi ingane yakho eyisebenzisayo, yimiphi okufanele iyekwe, nokuthi yimiphi okufanele iqhubeke nayo. Ungase unqunywe izinwele noma ususwe ngokuphelele ohlangothini lwekhanda lengane yakho lapho kuzokwenziwa khona ukuhlinzwa.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa
Ingane inikezwa i-anesthesia ejwayelekile , eyenza ilale ngokuphelele futhi ingabi nobuhlungu. Ukuhlinzwa kuthatha cishe amahora ama-5, ngezinye izikhathi isikhathi eside. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzolandela lezi zinyathelo ngokuyinhloko:
1. Ukususa ingxenye encane yogebhezi (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-'Craniotomy').
2. Ukususa noma ukususa ngokuphelele ingxenye yezicubu ohlangothini lobuchopho olugulayo.
3. Ukusika imicu exhumanisa izinhlangothi ezimbili zobuchopho (i-corpus callosum). (Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-'Corpus Callosotomy').
4. Ingxenye esusiwe yogebhezi iyashintshwa bese isikhumba sithungwa sivalwe.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa? Futhi imiphumela iba yini?
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ingane ingeniswa e-Intensive Care Unit (ICU) futhi iqashwe ngokucophelela. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, idluliselwa ewadini evamile.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi imiphumela yalokhu kuhlinzwa mihle kakhulu. Izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi phakathi kuka-66% no-80% wezingane ezihlinzwayo azikwazi nhlobo ukuhlushwa. Ezinye izingane eziningi nazo zibhekana nokwehla okukhulu kokuhlushwa.
Ithimba lochwepheshe lisebenza ukusiza ingane ukuthi ilulame.
- Ukwelashwa Komzimba: Kukusiza ukuthi uhambe, ugijime, futhi ulondoloze ibhalansi.
- Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi: Kukufundisa ukuthi ungenza kanjani imisebenzi yansuku zonke njengokudla nokuzigqokisa.
- Ukwelapha Ngenkulumo: Kusiza ekunqobeni ubunzima ekukhulumeni nasekuvezeni imibono.
Azikho yini izingozi nezinkinga?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okukhulu, kunezingozi nezinkinga ezingase zenzeke, kodwa lezi azivamile.
| Uhlobo lwenkinga | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Izinkinga ezingaba khona ngaphambi | Kungavela ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa noma ngemva nje kokuhlinzwa. Isibonelo, ukulahlekelwa igazi eliningi, izifo, kanye nokushisa komzimba ngokweqile. |
| Izinkinga ezingaba khona kamuva | Inkinga enkulu yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Hydrocephalus . Lokhu ukunqwabelana kwamanzi ngaphakathi kobuchopho. Amathuba okuthi lokhu kwenzeke ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa okusebenzayo angaphansi kuka-5%. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kufanele kufakwe ipayipi elincane elibizwa ngokuthi 'i-shunt' ukuze kususwe amanzi. |
Uma udinga ukukhuluma nodokotela ngokushesha
Ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya usuka esibhedlela, kufanele unake kakhulu ingane yakho. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma uyise eMnyango Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
- Ukubonisa izimpawu zokutheleleka, njengomkhuhlane , ukuvuvukala, ukubomvu, noma ubomvu obuvela enxebeni lokuhlinzwa.
- Ukuhlanza njalo, ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, kanye nokushintsha kokuziphatha (lokhu kungaba izimpawu zesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Hydrocephalus).
- Ukuphinda kwesifo sokuwa.
Ukwenza lesi sinqumo mayelana nokuhlinzwa akulula kubazali. Kungumthwalo omkhulu. Kodwa khumbula, udokotela uzoncoma ukuhlinzwa okunjalo kuphela uma eqiniseka ngokuphelele ukuthi azikho ezinye izinketho nokuthi kuzozuzisa kakhulu impilo yengane.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Hemispherectomy inqubo yokuhlinzwa ephumelela kakhulu yezingane ezinesithuthwane esinzima esingenakulawulwa ngemithi.
- Amathuba okuthi ukuqina kuzoma ngokuphelele noma kunciphe kakhulu ngalokhu kuhlinzwa aphezulu kakhulu.
- Uhlangothi olusele oluphilile lobuchopho bengane luqala ukuthatha imisebenzi eminingi yohlangothi olususiwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuyinto emangalisayo!
- Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ngokomsebenzi, kanye nokukhuluma (ukuvuselelwa) ngemva kokuhlinzwa kubalulekile ukuze ingane ilulame.
- Zizwe ukhululekile ukuxoxa nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka onakho nodokotela wakho. Bahlala bekulungele ukukusiza.
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