Mhlawumbe ngemva kokuhlinzwa okukhulu noma ingozi enkulu, udokotela ukutshelile ukuthi, "Ngidinga ukunikela ngegazi." Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi wethukile kancane uma uzwa la mazwi. "O, ngizonikela ngegazi lomunye umuntu? Ingabe kuphephile? Ingabe kuzoba nezinkinga?" Izinto ezinjengalezo zingase zifike engqondweni. Kodwa ukunikela ngegazi empeleni kuyindlela evamile futhi ephephile kwezokwelapha zanamuhla. Ngakho-ke, ake sithole izimpendulo zayo yonke imibuzo onayo ngalokhu namuhla.
Kuyini ngempela ukumpontshelwa igazi?
Kalula nje, ukunikela ngegazi kusho ukubuyisela igazi noma ingxenye yegazi elahlekile emzimbeni wakho ngenxa yokugula noma ingozi.
Cabanga ngegazi lethu njengeqoqo lezingxenye eziningana. Linezingxenye ezine eziyinhloko:
- Amaseli Egazi Abomvu: Lawa ngamaseli athwala umoya-mpilo emizimbeni yethu yonke.
- Amaseli Amhlophe Egazi: Lawa ngamaseli okuzivikela emizimbeni yethu alwa nezifo namagciwane angena emizimbeni yethu.
- Ama-Platelet: Lawa maseli amancane asiza ekumiseni ukopha uma kukhona ukulimala.
- I-Plasma: Lena yingxenye ewuketshezi yegazi. Wonke amaseli okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla ayantanta kuyo. Iphinde ibe namaprotheni asiza ukujiya kwegazi.
Esikhathini esidlule, uma kukhulunywa ngokunikela ngegazi, igazi eliphelele lalivame ukunikezwa. Kodwa manje, ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, odokotela babheka ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba wakho entulekayo ngempela . Bese bekunikeza kuphela ingxenye edingekayo. Isibonelo, uma unamaseli abomvu egazi aphansi, unganikeza leyo ngxenye kuphela. Uma unama-platelet aphansi, unganikeza leyo ngxenye kuphela. Lokhu kunganciphisa izinkinga eziningi ezingadingekile.
Kungani sidinga ukunikela ngegazi?
Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani kungadingeka ukunikela ngegazi. Ake sibheke izizathu eziyinhloko.
| Isizathu | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlinzwa okukhulu noma izingozi ezinkulu | Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa noma ingozi enkulu, igazi eliningi lingalahleka emzimbeni. Lelo nani legazi elinciphile lidinga ukushintshwa. |
| Ukopha emgudwini wokugaya ukudla | Uma ukuphuma kwegazi kuvela emgudwini wokugaya ukudla ngenxa yezimo ezifana nezilonda zesisu noma ezinye izimbangela, kuzodingeka ukuthi kushintshwe inani legazi elinciphile ngenkathi kulawulwa lokho. |
| Izifo ezibangela i-anemia | Ezimweni zomdlavuza, njenge-leukemia, nesifo sezinso, ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi anempilo emzimbeni kuyehla. Igazi linikezwa njengokwelashwa kwe-anemia eba khona. |
| Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza | Ukwelashwa okufana nemisebe noma i-chemotherapy kungalimaza umongo wethambo, okhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi. Ngakho-ke, uma kuncipha amangqamuzana egazi, kunikezwa igazi. |
| Izifo zegazi kanye nezifo zesibindi | Ezinye izifo zegazi ezizuzwe njengefa (isb. i-thalassemia) kanye nezifo zesibindi ezingathi sína nazo zingadinga ukumpontshelwa igazi njalo. |
Ake sifunde ngezinhlobo zegazi kanye nokuhambisana kwazo.
Lona ngumbuzo omkhulu abantu abaningi abanawo. "Nginganikela ngegazi kunoma ubani nje?" Impendulo ithi, "Cha." Uma uthola igazi, igazi olitholayo kumele lifane ncamashi nohlobo lwakho lwegazi.
Izinhlobo zethu zegazi ngokuyinhloko zine: A, B, AB, kanye no-O. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunesinye isici esibizwa ngokuthi i-Rh factor . Kuye ngalokhu, uhlobo lwegazi lakho lungaba oluhle (+) noma olubi (-). (Isibonelo: A+, O-, B+).
Cabanga ukuthi amangqamuzana akho egazi anokhiye okusebenzela wena. Amangqamuzana egazi owanikelayo kumele abe nokhiye ofanayo. Uma ukhiye ushintsha, amasosha omzimba wakho azobona amangqamuzana egazi amasha njengesitha bese eqala ukuwahlasela. Lesi yisimo esiyingozi.
Yingakho izikhungo ezifana neNational Blood Transfusion Service eSri Lanka zihlola ngokuqinile uhlobo lwegazi, i-Rh factor, kanye nezifo ezahlukahlukene zabo bonke abanikela ngegazi.
- Uhlobo lwegazi O: Umuntu onegazi O ubizwa ngokuthi " Umnikeli Wegazi Ophelele.""Esimweni esiphuthumayo, uma kungekho isikhathi sokuthola uhlobo lwegazi oluqondile, igazi elibi (O-) linganikezwa noma ubani."
- Uhlobo lwegazi lwe-AB: Umuntu onohlobo lwegazi lwe-AB ubizwa ngokuthi " umamukeli ojwayelekile ." Lokhu kusho ukuthi angathola igazi kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwegazi.
Indlela okunikezwa ngayo igazi kanye nezinkinga ezingaba khona
Ukunikela ngegazi kuvame ukwenziwa esibhedlela noma emtholampilo. I-cannula encane ifakwa emthanjeni ongalweni yakho, lapho kuxhunywa khona isikhwama segazi. Le nqubo ingathatha phakathi kwehora eli-1 neli-4. Udokotela noma abasebenzi bobuhlengikazi bazokuqapha phakathi nalesi sikhathi.
Ayikho yini ingozi-ke?
Ukunikela ngegazi ngokuvamile kuphephile kakhulu . Kodwa-ke, njenganoma iyiphi inqubo yezokwelapha, kunezinkinga ezithile ezingavamile ezingaba khona. Ungesabi, into ebalulekile ukuqaphela lezi.
- Umkhuhlane: Kuvamile ukuba nomkhuhlane omncane amahora ambalwa ngemva kokunikela ngegazi. Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu akukubi kangako. Kodwa-ke, uma unomkhuhlane kanye nesicanucanu noma ubuhlungu besifuba , tshela udokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi ngokushesha .
- Ukusabela Kokungezwani Nomzimba: Ngezinye izikhathi, noma ngabe uthola ukumpontshelwa igazi okuhambisana kahle, umzimba wakho ungase ube nokusabela okuncane kokungezwani nalo. Lokhu kungabangela ukulunywa, amaqhubu, noma ezinye izimpawu. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokumpontshelwa igazi.
- Ukusabela Kwamasosha Omzimba: Lezi yizimo ezingavamile kakhulu , kodwa zibucayi.
- Ukusabela Okunamandla Kokuzivikela Emzimbeni: Lokhu yilapho umzimba wakho uhlasela khona amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anikelwe. Lokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi umkhuhlane, ukubanda, isicanucanu, ubuhlungu esifubeni noma emhlane ongezansi, kanye nomchamo omnyama.
- Ukusabela Kwe-Hemolytic Okulibazisekile: Lokhu kufana nalokho okungenhla, kodwa izimpawu zibonakala kancane kancane, ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.
- Ukutheleleka Ngegazi: Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abayesabayo. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi, namuhla, ingozi iphansi kakhulu ngoba abanikeli begazi kanye nabamukeli bahlolwa ngokucophelela.
- I-Iron Overload/Hemochromatosis: Lokhu akwenzeki kumuntu othole igazi kanye kuphela. Iziguli ezithola igazi njalo, eminyakeni eminingi (isib. iziguli ezine-thalassemia), zingase zibe namazinga aphezulu e-iron emizimbeni yazo. Lokhu kungathinta inhliziyo nesibindi.
- Isifo se-graft-versus-host: Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu.Kodwa kuyinkinga engaba yingozi. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi egazini elinikelwe ehlasela umongo wethambo lesiguli. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu ezigulini ezinezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka kakhulu.
- Ukumpontshelwa igazi kuyindlela yezokwelapha evamile kakhulu, esindisa impilo, futhi ngokuvamile ephephile kakhulu.
- Unikwa kuphela izingxenye zegazi ezidingwa ngumzimba wakho (isib. amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, ama-platelet).
- Lonke igazi elinikelwe lihlolwa ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi liyahambisana nohlobo lwegazi lakho futhi alinazo izifo ezahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ingozi yokudlulisela izifo iphansi kakhulu.
- Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile njengomkhuhlane, ukulunywa, ukuphelelwa umoya, noma ubuhlungu besifuba ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokunikela ngegazi, yazisa udokotela wakho noma abasebenzi abahlengikazi ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala .
- Uma usenemibuzo ngalokhu, ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho. Kuyilungelo lakho.
Ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwe emazweni athuthukile, ingozi yokuthola isifo esifana ne-HIV ngokumpontshelwa igazi icishe ibe ngumuntu oyedwa kwabayizigidi ezimbili. Lokho kungaphansi kokushaywa umbani. Ingozi yokuthola izifo ezifana ne-Hepatitis B no-C nayo iphansi kakhulu.
Ungakhathazeki ngalezi zingozi. Khumbula, udokotela unquma ukukunika igazi ngoba ingozi yokunganikezi igazi idlula kakhulu le ngozi encane kakhulu yokukunika igazi .
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