Wake wazizwa usinda, iqhubu elincane, noma umuzwa wokugcwala ngaphansi kwezimbambo zakho ohlangothini lwesokudla? Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungaba ubuhlungu obuvamile begesi. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba izimpawu zesifo esibi sesibindi, esinye sezitho ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Namuhla sikhuluma nge-Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu oluvela esibindini. Ngisho noma leli gama lingase lizwakale liyesabeka futhi liyinkimbinkimbi uma ulizwa, ungakhathazeki. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngendlela elula wonke umuntu angayiqonda.
Iyini le Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)?
Kalula nje, i-HCC uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu oluqala emangqamuzaneni esibindi. Luhlobo lomdlavuza olunolaka kakhulu. Luvame ukubonakala kubantu asebenesifo sesibindi esingamahlalakhona, ikakhulukazi i-cirrhosis , isimo lapho isibindi siba lukhuni futhi sibe nezibazi, futhi ukusebenza kwaso kuyaphazamiseka. Muva nje, i-HCC ibonakale kaningi nakubantu abanesifo sesibindi esihambisana nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-metabolic (MASLD), isimo esibangelwa ukuqongelela kwamafutha esibindini.
Enye yezinto ezidabukisayo ngalomdlavuza ukuthi ukhula kancane kakhulu ezigabeni zokuqala. Ngakho-ke, kungase kungabi khona zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Ungelapheka ezigabeni zokuqala ngokususa isimila ngokuhlinzwa noma ngokufakelwa isibindi. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi abantu abaningi betholakala benalesi sifo, umdlavuza usuvele usakazeke futhi usesigabeni lapho ungasakazeka khona ngokushesha. Ekugcineni, lokhu kungaholela nasekuhlulekeni kwesibindi. Esimweni esinjalo, ukwelapha odokotela kuba nzima kakhulu.
Lesi simo sibi kakhulu kangangokuthi uma unesifo sesibindi njenge-cirrhosis noma i-MASLD, udokotela wakho uzokuhlola njalo ukuze abone ukuthi unazo yini izimpawu zomdlavuza we-HCC.
Uvame kangakanani lo mdlavuza?
Cabanga ngalokhu: Umdlavuza oyinhloko ongu-85 kuya ku-90 kwabayi-100 esibindini yi-HCC. (Uma umdlavuza usakazekela esibindini uvela kwenye indawo, siwubiza ngokuthi umdlavuza osakazeka kalula.) Ungumdlavuza wesithupha otholakala kakhulu emhlabeni futhi uyimbangela yesithathu ehamba phambili yokufa komdlavuza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadoda anamathuba aphindwe kabili noma kathathu okuthola lesi sifo kunabesifazane. Ngokuvamile, abantu abatholakala benalesi sifo baneminyaka engama-60 noma ngaphezulu.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-HCC?
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izimila zomdlavuza kungenzeka zingabangeli zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Kodwa-ke, njengoba umdlavuza uqhubeka, ungase uqale ukuzwa izinto ezifana nalezi:
| Isibonakaliso | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukugcwala ngaphansi kwekheji lembambo yesokudla | Umuzwa wokusinda noma iqhubu ngaphansi kwezimbambo ohlangothini lwesokudla (lokhu kungaba uphawu lwesibindi esikhulu ). |
| Ukugcwala ngaphansi kwekheji lesobunxele lembambo | Umuzwa wokusinda ngaphansi kwezimbambo ohlangothini lwesobunxele (lokhu kungaba uphawu lokwanda kobende ). |
| Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba namehlo | Ngokuvamile lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-jaundice . |
| Ukuqunjelwa kwesisu | Umuzwa wokuvuvukala sengathi isisu sigcwele amanzi. |
| Isifiso sokudla | Angizizwa sengathi ngifuna ukudla, ngizizwa ngisuthi ngisho nangemva kokudla kancane. |
| Ukwehlisa isisindo | Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo. |
| Isicanucanu nokuhlanza | Ukucanuzela nokuhlanza okuqhubekayo. |
| Isikhumba esilumayo | Ukuzwa ukulunywa okuqhubekayo emzimbeni wonke noma ezindaweni ezithile. |
Kodwa khumbula lokhu. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukubonakala nakwezinye izifo ezivamile. Ngakho-ke ungesabi ngoba nje unesinye noma ezimbili zalezi. Kodwa-ke, uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, kungcono ukubona udokotela bese uhlolwa.
Kungani umdlavuza we-HCC ukhula? Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?
Iningi labantu abatholakale benesifo i-HCC (cishe ama-80%) bane-cirrhosis. Abanye abantu bangaba nalo mdlavuza ngaphambi kwe-cirrhosis. Kulezi zimo, uma kungelashwa, ukuvuvukala okungapheli esibindini kungaholela ekuqhekekeni okukhulu kwesibindi, okungagcina kuholele ku-HCC.
Kunezici eziningana ezibalulekile ezandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola umdlavuza we-HCC.
| Isici sengozi | Lokhu kuthinta kanjani? |
|---|---|
| Ukutheleleka kwe-Hepatitis B | Ukutheleleka ngegciwane kusakazeka ngoketshezi lomzimba. Okukhethekile ngalokhu ukuthi kungabangela umdlavuza we-HCC ngisho nangaphambi kokuba isifo sokuqina kwesibindi siqale. |
| Ukutheleleka kwe-Hepatitis C | Ukutheleleka ngegciwane okusabalala egazini. Lokhu kulimaza nesibindi futhi kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza. |
| Isifo sesibindi esinamafutha (MASLD) | Ukuqongelela kwamafutha okungafunwa esibindini. Le ngozi iphezulu uma unesifo sokukhuluphala, isifo se-metabolic syndrome, noma isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. |
| Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngokweqile | Utshwala luyiphilisi elinzima esibindini sethu ukuligwinya. Ukuphuza kakhulu isikhathi eside kungalimaza isibindi, okuholela ekuqineni kwesibindi kanye nomdlavuza wesibindi. |
Uma ukuleli qembu eliyingozi, udokotela wakho uzokuhlola njalo izimpawu zalo mdlavuza. Lokhu kungasiza ekutholeni lesi sifo kusenesikhathi futhi siselaphe. Udokotela wakho uzokusiza futhi uyeke ukubhema noma ukuphuza utshwala, futhi aphathe izifo ezingamahlalakhona ezifana nokutheleleka kwesibindi nesifo sikashukela.
Lesi sifo sitholakala kanjani ngokunembile?
Uma ubona udokotela, uzoqala akuhlole ngokomzimba bese ekubuza ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha, kanye nendlela ophila ngayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, bangenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, njengokuthi:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Igazi lakho lizohlolwa izimpawu zomdlavuza. Ngokukhethekile, amazinga eprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) ayahlolwa. Uma leli zinga liphakeme, kungaba uphawu lwe-HCC noma isimo esingaholela kukho, njenge-hepatitis noma i-cirrhosis.
- Ukuskena kwezithombe: Ukuskena okufana ne -ultrasound, i-computed tomography (CT) scan, i-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) , noma i-angiography kungabonisa ngokusobala ukuthi kukhona isimila noma izimila esibindini.
- Ukuhlolwa kwesibindi: Kwezinye izimo, uma imiphumela yokuskena ingenalo ulwazi olwanele, udokotela uzothatha ingxenye encane kakhulu yezicubu ezivela esimila sesibindi bese eyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze abone ukuthi akhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, esinye sezici eziyingqayizivele ze-HCC ukuthi uma isimila sibonakala ngokucacile ku-MRI noma ku-CT scan yomuntu one-cirrhosis, ukuxilongwa kungenziwa ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwe-biopsy .
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-HCC?
Ukwelashwa kwe-HCC kuncike esigabeni somdlavuza, impilo yesibindi iyonke, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke. Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha eziyinhloko.
| Indlela yokwelapha | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlinzwa | Ukususwa kwesibindi (ukususwa kwengxenye yesibindi lapho umdlavuza ukhona) noma ukufakelwa kwesibindi (ukufakelwa kwesibindi) kungenziwa. Lokhu kungenziwa kuphela ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo. |
| Ukwelashwa kokukhipha isisu | Amaseli omdlavuza abhujiswa ngokuwashisa ngokushisa okukhulu (ama-microwave noma amagagasi e-radiofrequency) noma ngokubanda okukhulu kusetshenziswa inalithi ekhethekile. |
| Ukufakwa kwe-Embolization | Imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi esimila iyavalwa. Ngezinye izikhathi imithi yokulwa nomdlavuza (i-chemoembolization) noma imbewu emincane enemisebe (i-radioembolization) ithunyelwa ngalezi zinto. |
| Ukwelashwa ngemisebe | Izimila ezincane ezingenakusulwa ngokuhlinzwa zibhujiswa yimisebe enamandla aphezulu. I-SBRT (Stereotactic body radiation therapy) iyindlela ekhethekile esetshenziselwa lokhu. |
| Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy | Sinikeza imithi evuselela amasosha omzimba wethu, esivumela ukuthi sibone futhi sihlasele amangqamuzana omdlavuza. |
| Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe | Kunikezwa imithi ekhethekile evimba izindlela zokubonisa izimpawu ezivumela amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuba akhule futhi ahlukane. |
Udokotela wakho angase futhi asikisele ukuthi uhlanganyele ezivivinyweni zemitholampilo ezihlola ukwelashwa okusha. Bangase futhi banikeze ukunakekelwa kokunciphisa ubuhlungu ukusiza ukulawula izimpawu, ukunciphisa ukungakhululeki kwakho, nokwenza impilo yakho ibe lula.
Ingabe lesi sifo singalapheka ngokuphelele?
Ukususwa kwesimila ngokuhlinzwa noma ukufakelwa isibindi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha ngokuphelele. Ngisho noma ukuhlinzwa kungenzeki, kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezinganciphisa izimpawu, zinciphise ukukhula komdlavuza, futhi zikusize uphile isikhathi eside.
Ngokwezibalo, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kubantu abanalesi sifo liyi-21% kuphela. Kodwa ungakhathazeki ngalokhu. Lokhu akufani kuwo wonke umuntu. Kungahluka kakhulu kuye ngesimo sakho, isigaba somdlavuza, impilo yesibindi sakho, kanye nempendulo yakho ekwelashweni. Isiguli ngasinye sihlukile. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho kuphela ongakunikeza umbono omuhle kakhulu walokho ongakulindela ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.
Yini esingayenza ukuvimbela umdlavuza we-HCC?
Kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho yokuthola lo mdlavuza:
- Gomela i-Hepatitis B. Uma usuvele uthelelekile, thola ukuhlolwa njalo nodokotela.
- Uma usola ukuthi utheleleke nge-Hepatitis C, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Lesi yisifo esingelapheka ngokuphelele manje ngemithi.
- Izimo zokulawula ezihlobene nesifo sesibindi esinamafutha (i-MASLD). Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula isisindo somzimba ngokudla okunempilo kanye nokuzivocavoca.
- Gwema ngokuphelele ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile.
- Uma ubhema, yeka ngokushesha.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela? Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze?
Uma unezimpawu ezishiwo ngenhla isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, noma uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Uma useqenjini elisengozini, ungayeki ukuhlolwa udokotela wakho akuyalelayo. Khumbula, uma lesi sifo sitholakala ngokushesha, kulapho ukwelashwa kuzophumelela khona.
Nazi ezinye zemibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho:
* Isibindi sami sisebenza kahle kangakanani?
* Umdlavuza wami ukusiphi isigaba?
* Ingabe lokhu kungelapheka ngokuphelele?
* Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?
* Iyini imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngakunye?
* Ukwelashwa kuzothinta kanjani impilo yami yansuku zonke?
* Sazi kanjani ukuthi ukwelashwa kuphumelele?
Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba, ukhathazekile, futhi udidekile uma ufunda ngesifo esingathi sína njenge-HCC. Kodwa awuwedwa kulolu hambo. Qonda ukwelashwa kwakho nemiphumela yako emibi. Khuluma ngokukhululekile nomndeni wakho, abangani, nodokotela. Lolu kungaba uhambo olunzima, kodwa ngolwazi olufanele, ukwesekwa, kanye nokwelashwa, ungabhekana nakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) uhlobo lomdlavuza wesibindi oluvame kakhulu nolukhula ngokushesha.
- Lesi simo sivame ukwenzeka kubantu asebenesifo sesibindi kakade, ikakhulukazi i-cirrhosis.
- Qaphela izimpawu ezifana nokusinda ngaphansi kwe-rib cage, i-jaundice, ukuvuvukala kwesisu, kanye nokwehla kwesisindo. Uma lokhu kuqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, bona udokotela.
- I-Hepatitis B/C, ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile, kanye nesifo sesibindi esinamafutha (i-MASLD) yizona zinto eziyinhloko ezibangela ingozi.
- Uma lesi sifo sitholakala kusenesikhathi, ukwelashwa okuphelele kungatholakala ngokuhlinzwa noma ngokufakelwa isibindi.
- Uma unokungabaza noma imibuzo ngalokhu, ungalokothi uyishaye indiva. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho.
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