Iyini le "Herd Immunity" wonke umuntu akhuluma ngayo? Masiyiqonde kalula, akunjalo?

Cishe uke wezwa igama elithi “Herd Immunity.” Kube nokukhulunywa okuningi ngalo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwe-COVID-19. Ngakho-ke, lisho ukuthini ngempela? Ake sixoxe ngalo kancane namuhla, njengokukhuluma nomngane.

Kuyini lokhu 'Ukuzivikela Komhlambi'?

Kalula nje, ukuzivikela komhlambi kwenzeka lapho inani elikhulu labantu endaweni ethile noma eqenjini elithile livikelekile (okungukuthi, livikelekile) egciwaneni elithile noma kwenye into ethelelanayo, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthi leso sifo sisabalale. Cabanga nje, lapho inani elikhulu labantu livikelekile, amathuba okuthi lelo gciwane ligxume lisuka komunye umuntu liye komunye ayancipha.

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwakha amasosha omzimba:

• Ngokugula nokululama ngokwemvelo.
• Ngokugoma.
• Ngokuthola ama-antibodies avela ngaphandle, njengokusuka kumama kuya enganeni (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-passive immunity, sizoxoxa ngalokho kamuva).

Odokotela bathi ukugoma kuyindlela engcono kakhulu nephephile yokuvimbela .

Wonke umuntu onesifo sokuzivikela komzimba uyasiza ekuvimbeleni lesi sifo ukuthi singasabalali kwabanye. Ake sithi ugonyiwe. Ngaleyo ndlela, amathuba okudlulisela igciwane komunye umuntu ayancishiswa. Kuphinde kunciphise amathuba okushintsha kwegciwane emzimbeni wakho futhi kudale uhlobo olusha. Kodwa-ke, uma igciwane lisakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu, inani labantu abanesifo sokuzivikela komzimba kudingeka libe phezulu kakhulu ukuze limiswe.

Ngezinye izikhathi leli qembu lokuzivikela komzimba libizwa nangokuthi "ukuzivikela komzimba" noma "ukuzivikela komzimba." Konke kusho into efanayo.

Isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sithuthukiswa kanjani?

Ama-antibodies ayizinto ezikhethekile ezenziwa yimizimba yethu ukulwa namagciwane abangela izifo angena emizimbeni yethu. I-antibody ngayinye inikeza isivikelo esifweni esisodwa kuphela. Singayithola le mfanelo yokuzivikela ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko.

Ukungavikeleki Okusebenzayo

Lokhu kuhilela ukwenza ama-antibodies emizimbeni yethu. Lokhu kungenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili:

1. Ukuzivikela kwemvelo: Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma sigula futhi silulama kukho, umzimba wethu wenza ama-antibodies okulwa naleso sifo.

2. Ukungavikeleki ekugonyweni: Imijovo yokugoma isetshenziselwa ukungenisa igciwane elibuthakathaka noma elibulewe (noma ingxenye yalo) emizimbeni yethu, okubangela imizimba yethu ukuthi ikhiqize ama-antibodies alwa naleso sifo.

Lokhu kuzivikela okusebenzayo kunikeza umzimba wethu "inkumbulo yokuzivikela." Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma siphinde sithola lesi sifo esifanayo esikhathini esizayo, umzimba wethu ungasibona ngokushesha futhi wakhe ama-antibodies.

Ukungavikeleki Okungaguquki

Yilapho sithola khona ama-antibodies avela ngaphandle kwemizimba yethu. Isibonelo:

• Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zithola ama-antibodies kunina ngobisi lwebele.
• Ama-antibodies angatholakala ngemikhiqizo ethile yegazi.

Kulokhu kuzivikela okungenamsebenzi, umzimba wethu awukhiqizi lolo hlobo "lwenkumbulo." Ngakho-ke, isivikelo esisinikezayo sitholakala kuphela kuze kube yilapho sithola ama-antibodies avela ngaphandle. Kungokwesikhashana.

Ukungavikeleki komhlambi kuhlobene kanjani ne-COVID-19?

Uyazi ukuthi igciwane elithi `(COVID-19)`, uhlobo lwalo lokuqala, kanye nezinhlobo zakamuva ezifana ne-`(Delta variant)` kanye ne-`(Omicron variant)` zasakazeka ngokushesha kangakanani. Ezinsukwini zokuqala zalo bhubhane, abacwaningi babecabanga ukuthi uma u-60% kuya ku-70% wabantu bomhlaba begonywe, sebelulame kulesi sifo, noma benokuzivikela komzimba, bazokwazi ukwakha ukuzivikela komzimba ku-`(COVID-19)`.

Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi baqaphela ukuthi leli nani lingase linganele, uma ubheka ukuthi izinhlobo ze-`(Delta)` kanye ne-`(Omicron)` zithelela kangakanani. Manje abanye bathi lelo nani lingaba phezulu ku-85%.

Asikwazi yini ukuvikela umhlambi ku-COVID-19 ngaphandle komjovo?

Eqinisweni, kunzima kakhulu futhi kuyingozi ukwakha amasosha omzimba okuzivikela esifweni esifana nokuthi "(COVID-19)" ngaphandle komjovo. Ukuze lokho kwenzeke, abantu abaningi kuzodingeka bathole lesi sifo. Uma lokho kwenzeka, abantu abaningi bazofa futhi abantu abaningi bazogula kakhulu.

Njengamanje, ngisho nangemithi yokugoma, kunezinkinga ezithile ekufinyeleleni ekugomeni komhlambi. Bheka:

• Abanye abantu bayakwamukela ukuthi imijovo iphephile, kodwa abafuni ukuyithatha.
• Abanye abantu abakwazi ukugonywa ngenxa yezizathu zempilo.
• Abanye abantu (isibonelo, labo abanamandla okuzivikela omzimba aphansi kakhulu - `(abangavikelekile emzimbeni)`) abakhiqizi ama-antibodies ngendlela efanele ngisho nangemva kokugonywa.
• Ngisho nangemva kokululama ku-COVID-19 noma ukugonywa, asikazi ukuthi lokho kuzivikela kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani.
• Akuwona wonke umuntu emhlabeni othola imijovo efanayo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukulindela ukuzivikela komhlambi ngaphandle kokugonywa kufana nokwenza inhlekelele enkulu.

Lokho esikufundile mayelana nokuzivikela komzimba ezifweni zesimungumungwane kanye nomkhuhlane

Imijovo yokugoma isisindise ngempela izimpilo zethu ezifweni ezibulalayo. Asisacabangi ngesimungumungwane njengesifo esibi, kodwa kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba lapho kungekho khona ukunakekelwa okuhle kwezokwelapha, cishe u-5% wezingane ezithola isimungumungwane ziyafa. Emazweni afana ne-United States, lapho imijovo yaba yinto evamile, amacala esimungumungwane ehle ngaphezu kuka-99%.

Kodwa-ke, ukuqubuka kwesimungumungwane ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka kubantu abangakagonywa. Isibonelo, ngo-2019, kwakunezigameko ezingu-1,282 zesimungumungwane e-United States, okuyinani eliphakeme kakhulu kusukela ngo-1992. Abantu abangagonywanga, ikakhulukazi labo abaye bahamba kwamanye amazwe, kanye nalabo abahlala emiphakathini engagonywanga, basengozini enkulu.

Nakuba imijovo ingakha ukuzivikela komzimba ezifweni ezibangelwa yigciwane elifanayo, njenge-measles kanye ne-smallpox, izifo ezifana ne-influenza (esizibiza ngokuthi "i-flu") zihlukile kancane. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zamagciwane angabangela i-flu. Umuthi wokugomela i-flu onikezwa minyaka yonke wenziwa ngokumelene nezinhlobo ezimbalwa zamagciwane okucatshangwa ukuthi avame kakhulu ngalowo nyaka.

Ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane kungavimbela ukufa, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezingane. Kunganciphisa nobunzima bokugula kanye nesidingo sokulaliswa esibhedlela. Kuvikela nabanye abasizungezile. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwazo zonke lezi zinto ezinhle, abantu abaningi abawutholi umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane minyaka yonke.

Izingozi Zokuthuthukisa Ukungavikeleki Komhlambi "Okwemvelo"

Ukwakha amasosha omzimba okuvikela izifo ezibulalayo "ngokwemvelo" kusho ukuvumela abantu abaningi ukuba bafe kanye nabanye abaningi ukuba bagule kakhulu. Sekuyiminyaka sisebenzisa imijovo ukuze sizivikele thina kanye nalabo abasizungezile abangakwazi ukugonywa, abasebancane kakhulu ukuba bagonywe, noma abanamasosha omzimba aqinile futhi abangasabeli kahle emgomweni. Okusho ukuthi, ukwakha amasosha omzimba okuvikela umhlambi.

Okokugcina, into ebaluleke kakhulu (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, cishe usuyaqonda manje ukuthi yini i-immune system yomhlambi nokuthi ibaluleke kangakanani ekuphepheni kwawo wonke umuntu emphakathini wethu.

• Ukugoma kuyindlela ephephile nengcono kakhulu yokuthola ukuzivikela komzimba emhlambini.
• Uma uthola umuthi wokugoma, awugcini ngokuvikela wena kuphela, kodwa nomndeni wakho, abangani, kanye nomphakathi wonke.
• Ikakhulukazi, labo abangakwazi ukugonywa (isib., izinsana ezincane, abantu abanezifo ezithile, kanye nalabo abanezivikelo zomzimba ezibuthakathaka) bazothola isivikelo esikhulu.
• Ezifweni ezisakazeka ngokushesha njenge-COVID-19, isu elingcono kakhulu lokulawula lesi sifo ukuthola abantu abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka abagonyelwe futhi bakhe amasosha omzimba.

Ngakho-ke, njengoba odokotela beluleka, thola imijovo yakho bese ufaka isandla ekwakheni lo mzimba wokuzivikela. Kuzosizuzisa sonke!

Ukungavikeleki Komhlambi , Ukugoma, Ukungavikeleki, I-COVID-19, Igciwane, Izifo Ezithelelanayo, Impilo Yokuvimbela