Ubungacabangani uma, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwengane yakho minyaka yonke, udokotela ngokuzumayo ethi, "Umfutho wegazi wengane yakho ubonakala uphezulu kancane, ake sihlole futhi?" Njengabazali abaningi, ungase uzizwe wesaba futhi ukhathazekile. " Hawu , umfutho wegazi ophezulu usesemncane kangaka? Kwenzeka kanjani lokho?" Ungase ucabange. Kodwa lokhu akuyona into okufanele uyesabe ngempela. Kodwa-ke, akuyona into okufanele uyishaye indiva. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngomfutho wegazi ophezulu, noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ongathinta abantu abadala kuphela kodwa nezingane ezincane.
Kalula nje, iyini le ngcindezi?
Sonke sinegazi eligeleza emizimbeni yethu. Cabanga ngalo njengamanzi ageleza ngepayipi lamanzi. Njengoba igazi ligeleza emithanjeni, licindezela kancane odongeni lwemithambo. Lokho kucindezela yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi "umfutho wegazi." Uma lokhu kucindezela kuphakeme njalo kunokujwayelekile, sikubiza ngokuthi umfutho wegazi ophakeme . Uma lesi simo senzeka ezinganeni ezincane kanye nasebasha, sikubiza ngokuthi umfutho wegazi ophakeme ezinganeni .
Ngokwemininingwane yamanje, cishe ingane eyodwa kwezingu-25 eziphakathi kweminyaka engu-12-19 inomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Futhi cishe ingane eyodwa kwezingu-10 inomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, umfutho wegazi ophakeme isikhathi eside kungalimaza izitho ezibalulekile njengenhliziyo yengane, izinso, namehlo. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlonza lesi simo kusenesikhathi bese ucela ukwelashwa okudingekayo.
Yiziphi izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi ingane inomfutho wegazi ophakeme?
Yilokhu okumangaza abazali abaningi. Esikhathini esiningi, izingane ezinomfutho wegazi ophakeme azibonisi zimpawu. Ziyadlala, zigijime, futhi zenze umsebenzi wazo wesikole ngendlela evamile. Yingakho umfutho wegazi ophakeme uvame ukutholakala lapho ziya kudokotela futhi zihlolwe umfutho wegazi wazo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuvamile.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase kube nezimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bekhanda, ubuhlungu besifuba, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula, kodwa lokhu akuvamile kakhulu.
Ngenxa yalesi simo sokuthula, kubalulekile ukuyisa ingane yakho iyohlolwa njalo, noma ngabe akukho ukugula. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma ingane yakho inezici eziyingozi zomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
Kungani izingane ezincane zinomfutho wegazi ophakeme? Yiziphi izizathu eziyinhloko?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezimbangela ezithinta umfutho wegazi ophezulu ezinganeni. Ake sizame ukuziqonda kalula lezi zimbangela.
| Uhlobo lomfutho wegazi ophakeme | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Umfutho wegazi ophakeme | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu olubonakala ezinganeni. Akukho sizathu esisodwa sokwanda komfutho wegazi esingabangelwa yilesi sifo. Kungaba yinhlanganisela yezimbangela eziningana. |
| Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wesibili | Lapha, ingcindezi iyanda ngenxa yesinye isimo sezokwelapha esiyisisekelo. Okusho ukuthi, ingcindezi iyanda njengomphumela wesinye isifo. |
Okunye okwengeziwe nge-Primary Hypertension...
Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu olubonakala ezinganeni. Izingane ezinalesi simo zinezici eziningana ezifanayo:
- Uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-6 ubudala.
- Ukuba nomfutho wegazi ophezulu emndenini (umama, ubaba, ugogo, umalumekazi). Lokhu kuyithonya lofuzo.
- Ukuba nesisindo esikhulu noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile. Uma ingane ikhuluphele ngokweqile ngenxa yobude bayo, kungakhuphula umfutho wegazi. Odokotela balinganisa lokhu besebenzisa inani elibizwa nge -BMI (Body Mass Index) .
Okunye okwengeziwe nge-Secondary Hypertension...
Lapha sithi ingcindezi iyanda ngenxa yesinye isifo. Imbangela eyinhloko yomfutho wegazi ophezulu ezinganeni izifo zezinso. Izinto ezifana nokuncipha kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi ezinso, ukutheleleka kwezinso (i-Glomerulonephritis, i-Pyelonephritis) kungathinta lokhu.
Ngaphezu kwesifo sezinso, kunezinye izinkinga eziningana:
- Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso: Isibonelo, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi `(Aortic Coarctation)`.
- Ukungalingani kwama-hormone: Izimo ezifana ne-hyperthyroidism.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula obuhambisana nokuhona ngesikhathi sokulala: Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi `(Obstructive Sleep Apnea)`.
- Imithi ethile: Amanye amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo, ama-steroid (ama-Corticosteroids).
- Izifo zofuzo: Izimo zofuzo ezingavamile ezifana `(Neurofibromatosis uhlobo 1)`.
- Izici zemvelo:Ukuchayeka ezinsimbini ezisindayo ezifana nomthofu.
Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zomfutho wegazi ophakeme?
Uma ingane yakho inalezi zinto, ingozi yokuba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme iphakeme kancane.
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala: Uma amafutha omzimba enyuka, angacindezela izinso futhi anyuse umfutho wegazi.
- Umlando womndeni: Uma umama wakho, ubaba, ugogo, noma umkhulu wakho benomfutho wegazi ophakeme ngaphambi kokuba bafinyelele eminyakeni engu-60, amathuba engane yakho okuba nawo aphindwe kabili.
- Ukudla okunosawoti omningi: Usawoti (i-sodium) uyinto ebangela ukuthi umzimba ugcine amanzi. Uma ukudla esikudlayo kunosawoti omningi, inani lamanzi egazini liyakhuphuka futhi ingcindezi emithanjeni yegazi iyanda. Izinto ezifana namabhisikidi, amasoseji, ushizi, ukudla okugciniwe, kanye nama-pickle zinosawoti omningi.
- Ukuntuleka kokuzilolonga: Uma ingane ihlezi endaweni eyodwa usuku lonke (phambi kocingo, ithebhulethi, i-TV), inhliziyo iba buthakathaka. Lapho inhliziyo izilolonga, iba namandla futhi ijwayele ukupompa igazi ngomzamo omncane.
- Isifo Sikashukela: Amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi angalimaza imithambo yegazi kanye nezinso futhi anyuse umfutho wegazi.
- Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nesisindo esiphansi: Ucwaningo olusha luthole ukuthi uma umntwana ezalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma enesisindo esiphansi, kunengozi yokwanda komfutho wegazi esikhathini esizayo.
Udokotela unquma kanjani ukuthi umfutho wegazi wengane uphakeme?
Ngokungafani nokuhlola umfutho wegazi womuntu omdala, ukuhlola umfutho wegazi wengane kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngoba amanani ajwayelekile omfutho wegazi ayahlukahluka kuye ngobudala bomntwana, ubulili, nokuphakama kwakhe .
Udokotela akaxilongi isifo ngokuhlola ingcindezi kanye. Ulinganisa ingcindezi ezinsukwini eziningana, izikhathi eziningana. Kunesizathu salokho. Abanye abantwana (kanye nabantu abadala) bayasaba futhi bakhathazeke kancane lapho bebona udokotela noma beza esibhedlela. Ngaleso sikhathi, ingcindezi inganda okwesikhashana. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i- White Coat Syndrome . Yingakho beyilinganisa izikhathi eziningana.
Uma kuqinisekiswa ukuthi ingcindezi iphezulu, udokotela uzozama ukuthola imbangela. Ukuze enze lokhu:
- Buza ingane nabazali ngokudla kwayo, ukuzivocavoca umzimba kanye nezifo zomndeni .
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwenziwa ukuhlola izinto ezifana nokusebenza kwezinso kanye namazinga ama-hormone.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-EKG (i-Electrocardiogram) kwenziwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwenhliziyo.
- Uma kudingeka, uzothunyelwa ukuze uhlolwe inhliziyo noma izinso ngezithombe .
Yimaphi amazinga omfutho wegazi ajwayelekile nangavamile ezinganeni?
Ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-13 nangaphezulu, amanani anqunywa ngendlela efanayo nawabantu abadala.
| Izinga lokucindezela | Amanani (kwabaneminyaka engu-13+) |
|---|---|
| Okuvamile | I-Systolic ingaphansi kuka-120 kanti i-Diastolic ingaphansi kuka-80. (Ngaphansi kuka-120/80 mm Hg) |
| Kuphakeme kancane (Kuphakeme) | Umkhawulo ophezulu u-120-129 kanti umkhawulo ophansi ungaphansi kuka-80. |
| Umfutho wegazi ophakeme - Isigaba 1 Somfutho wegazi ophakeme | Inani eliphezulu 130-139 noma inani eliphansi 80-89. |
| Isigaba sesi-2 somfutho wegazi ophezulu | Inani eliphakeme elingu-140 noma ngaphezulu noma inani eliphansi elingu-90 noma ngaphezulu. |
Ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-12 nangaphansi, izinga elijwayelekile linqunywa ngamashadi amaphesenti aqhathanisa iminyaka nobude bazo. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela lokhu.
Yini engenziwa ukulawula umfutho wegazi wengane?
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi umfutho wegazi ophezulu ezinganeni ungalawulwa kahle. Izindlela zokwelapha zingahluka kuye ngengane.
1. Izinguquko Zendlela Yokuphila
Lezi ngokuvamile yizinto zokuqala odokotela abazincomayo. Uma wonke umndeni uhlanganyela kulokhu, imiphumela iba yimpumelelo enkulu.
- Ukudla okunempilo: Kukhona ukudla okukhethekile okubizwa ngokuthi i-DASH Diet . Kalula nje, kuhilela ukudla imifino eminingi, izithelo, ubhontshisi, amantongomane, kanye nokusanhlamvu okuphelele. Nokunciphisa ukudla okunosawoti omningi, ushukela, namafutha (ikakhulukazi amafutha agcwele).
- Ukwandisa umsebenzi womzimba:Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izingane zigijime futhi zidlale zize zijuluke bese zilala. Uma zihlanganyela kulolu hlobo lokuzivocavoca okungenani imizuzu engama-40-60 ngosuku, izinsuku ezi-3-5 ngesonto, kuzoba usizo olukhulu ekunciphiseni ingcindezi.
- Ukulawula ukucindezeleka: Yebo, ngisho nezingane ezincane zibhekana nokucindezeleka ngenxa yezinto ezifana nezivivinyo nomsebenzi wesikole. Lokhu kucindezeleka kungandisa nomfutho wegazi. Lesi simo singalawulwa ngezinto ezifana nokuzivocavoca ngokuphefumula nokuzindla.
2. Imithi
Uma izinguquko zendlela yokuphila zodwa zingakwazi ukulawula umfutho wegazi lakho, noma uma umfutho wegazi wakho uphezulu kakhulu, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imithi.
Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuqala ngomthamo ophansi kakhulu.
- Izithibi ze-ACE
- Ama-Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
- Izithiyo zesiteshi se-calcium
- Ama-Beta-blocker
- Ama-diuretics (amaphilisi amanzi)
Imithi efana nale: Yonke le mithi ingaba nemiphumela emibi. Ngakho-ke, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngayo ngaphambi kokuqala noma yimuphi umuthi.
Singakwazi yini ukuvimbela ingane yethu ekutholeni umfutho wegazi ophakeme?
Yebo, kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi.
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo sobude bengane yakho.
- Njengomndeni, yehlisani ukudla okunosawoti omningi, ushukela namafutha. Nciphisa izinto ezifana nokudla okuthengwe esitolo, iziphuzo ezinoshukela, kanye nokudla okulula.
- Khuthaza ingane yakho ukuba idlale okungenani ihora elilodwa ngosuku.
- Lala kahle. Zijwayeze ukulala ngesikhathi esibekiwe bese uvuka ngesikhathi esibekiwe.
- Gcina ingane yakho ingabhemi ngokuphelele. Uma othile endlini ebhema, kuzothinta nengane (intuthu ebhemayo).
Khumbula, asikwazi ukushintsha izici zofuzo njengomlando womndeni, kodwa singalawula ngisho naleyo ngozi ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo.
Kuvamile ukuzizwa udabuke futhi wesaba uma uthola ukuthi ingane yakho inomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Kodwa into ebalulekile ukuthi, lesi yisimo esingalawuleka. Udokotela wakho kanye nethimba lezempilo balapha ukuzokusiza futhi bakuqondise wena, ingane yakho, kanye nomndeni wakho kulolu hambo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ezinganeni yisimo esivamile esivame ukungabi nazimpawu.
- Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthumela ingane ukuze ihlolwe ngokwezokwelapha , noma ngabe azikho izimpawu.
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, umlando womndeni, ukudla okunosawoti omningi, kanye nokuntuleka kokuvivinya umzimba yizona zinto eziyinhloko ezibangela ingozi.
- Ekuqaleni, ukwelashwa okunconywayo kuyindlela yokuphila enempilo kanye nokushintsha ukudla. Kusebenza kahle kakhulu uma wonke umndeni uhlanganyela kulokhu.
- Uma kungalawulwa kahle, umfutho wegazi ophakeme ungalimaza izitho zomzimba njengenhliziyo nezinso esikhathini esizayo.
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukungabaza ngalokhu, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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