Uma utholakale une-HIV, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa udokotela wakho ekhuluma 'ngomthamo wegciwane'. Uma ethi izinto ezinjengokuthi, "Kudingeka sihlole umthamo wakho wegciwane," "Ake sibone ukuthi umthamo wakho wegciwane wehlile," kungase kuzwakale kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Kusho ukuthini lokhu empeleni? Kungani lokhu kuhlolwa kubaluleke kangaka empilweni yakho? Ungakhathazeki, sizochaza konke ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.
Iyini ngempela i-HIV Viral Load?
Kalula nje, umthamo wegciwane le-HIV yinani legciwane le-HIV kusampula yegazi lakho. Ngokuqondile, lilinganisa ukuthi mangaki amakhophi ezinto zofuzo zegciwane le-HIV (i-RNA) akhona ku-milliliter eyodwa yegazi lakho (lokho kungaba amaconsi egazi angu-20).
Cabanga ngale ndlela. Uma umzimba wakho uyindlu, igciwane le-HIV lifana nomuntu ongene kuleyo ndlu. Igciwane liyanda ngokwenza amakhophi alo emzimbeni. Umthamo ophezulu wegciwane usho ukuthi igciwane lisakazeka ngenkuthalo futhi lenza amakhophi alo emzimbeni. Umthamo ophansi wegciwane usho ukuthi yize igciwane likhona emzimbeni, umsebenzi walo kanye nobuningi balo kuphansi kakhulu.
Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa esikuthathayo kokutheleleka nge-HIV, okungukuthi, ukwelashwa ngama-antiretroviral (ART) , ukuvimba igciwane ukuthi lingaphindaphindeki emzimbeni futhi lenze umthwalo wegciwane ube sezingeni eliphansi kangangokuthi awukwazi ngisho nokutholakala ngezivivinyo, okungukuthi, ezingeni "elingabonakali" .
Lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-viral load kubheka ini?
Uma une-HIV, udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-viral load ngezizathu eziningana. Kufana ne-gauge kudeshibhodi yemoto. Njengoba nje ikutshela ukuthi injini isebenza kanjani, lokhu kuhlolwa kungakutshela okuningi ngempilo yomzimba wakho kanye nempumelelo yokwelashwa kwakho.
- Bona ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kusebenza kahle kangakanani: Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Uma usuqalile i-ART, umthamo wakho wegciwane kufanele wehle kancane kancane. Lena yindlela udokotela wakho angaqinisekisa ngayo ukuthi imithi oyiphuzayo iyasebenza.
- Yenza izinqumo zokwelashwa: Cabanga ukuthi umthamo wakho wegciwane uhlala ufana noma uyanda futhi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imithi yakho yamanje ayisebenzi kahle, noma kungenzeka ukuthi igciwane selimelana nemithi. Udokotela wakho angase ashintshe imithi yakho.
- Hlola izingane ezizalwa omama abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi: Uma umama onegciwane lesandulela ngculazi ebeletha umntwana, lokhu kuhlola kusetshenziselwa ukuthola esigabeni sokuqala ukuthi umntwana unegciwane yini.
- Qinisekisa ukutheleleka kwesigaba sokuqala:Ngezinye izikhathi, emasontweni ambalwa okuqala ngemva kokuba umuntu etheleleke nge-HIV, ezinye izivivinyo zingase zingayiboni ngokunembile. Kodwa ukuhlolwa kwe-viral load kungakuqinisekisa lokho.
- Qiniseka ukuthi uthatha imithi yakho ngendlela efanele: Uma ungayithathi imithi yakho ngesikhathi nangendlela efanele, umthamo wakho wegciwane ungaphinde wande. Ngakho-ke lokhu kuhlolwa kuyisikhumbuzo kuwe nakudokotela wakho ngokubaluleka kokuthatha imithi yakho ngendlela efanele.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-viral load kwenziwa nini?
Ngokuvamile, udokotela wakho uzokwenza lokhu kuhlolwa lapho utholakala une-HIV okokuqala. Kuzokutshela ukuthi inani lakho legciwane liqala nini. Ngemuva kwalokho, uzohlolwa futhi cishe ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngemuva kokuqala i-ART. Yilapho-ke bezobona khona ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyasebenza yini.
Ngemva kwalokho, uma konke kuhamba kahle, udokotela wakho uzoncoma ukuthi wenze lokhu kuhlolwa njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha . Kodwa-ke, lolu hlelo lungahluka kuye ngempilo yakho. Kanye nalolu vivinyo, uzocelwa futhi ukuthi wenze ukuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-CD4 cell count, elinganisa amandla esimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela.
Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa?
Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula kakhulu. Isampula yegazi lakho iyathathwa ithunyelwe elabhorethri bese ihlolwa kusetshenziswa inqubo ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) .
Cabanga ngalobu buchwepheshe obubizwa nge-NAAT njengengilazi yokukhulisa enamandla kakhulu. Bukhulisa ngisho nenani elincane kakhulu legciwane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma ngabe igciwane lisegazini emazingeni aphansi kakhulu, lolu vivinyo lungaluthola.
Le ndlela ivumela ukukalwa okunembile kakhulu komthwalo wegciwane.
Kwenzekani ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokuhlolwa?
Akudingeki wenze noma yikuphi ukulungiselela okukhethekile ngalokhu. Ungadla futhi uphuze ngendlela evamile, uphuze imithi yakho yansuku zonke, bese uya kohlolwa.
Elabhorethri, umhlengikazi noma uchwepheshe uzosebenzisa inalithi encane ukuthatha isampula yegazi emthanjeni osengalweni yakho. Ungase uzizwe umuzwa omncane wokuhlaba lapho inalithi ifakwa futhi ikhishwa, kodwa ihlala imizuzwana embalwa kuphela. Isampula yegazi bese ithunyelwa ukuze ihlolwe.
Izingozi zokukhishwa kwegazi ziphansi kakhulu, kodwa ezimweni ezingavamile, okulandelayo kungenzeka:
- Ukuzizwa sengathi uyisilima
- Ukulimala okuphenduka kube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi kubukeke njengehlule legazi (i-hematoma) endaweni yokulimala
- Ukutheleleka (lokhu kwenzeka kaningi kakhulu)
- Ukopha kuyaqhubeka.
Asho ukuthini amanani embikweni wokuhlolwa?
Imiphumela yakho izobikwa ngama-"copies/mL." Lena inani lamakhophi egciwane eliku-milliliter yegazi. Leli nani lingasukela kumakhophi aphansi angu-20/mL kuya phezulu kumakhophi ayi-100,000/mL.
Kodwa into ebalulekile lapha akusikho ukubheka inani elilodwa, kodwa ukubona ukuthi inani lakho liyehla noma liyakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma umthamo wakho wegciwane wehla, kusho ukuthi i-ART yakho isebenza kahle. Uma ikhula, udokotela wakho kuzodingeka acabange kabusha ngohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa.
Ake sichaze la manani kabanzi etafuleni elingezansi.
| Izinga Lomthwalo Wegciwane | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Kuphezulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-100,000) | Igciwane liyanda kakhulu emzimbeni. Ingozi yokulimala kwesistimu yomzimba iphezulu. Ngokuvamile kubonakala uma ukwelashwa kungathathwa noma kusenesikhathi. |
| Kucindezelwe Ngokusebenzisa I-Viral (ngaphansi kuka-200) | Igciwane lisezingeni eliphansi kakhulu. Ukwelashwa kuyaphumelela. Kuleli zinga, cishe akukho bungozi bokudluliselwa kwegciwane lengculazi ngokocansi. |
| Ayibonakali (ngaphansi kuka-20-50) | Impumelelo enkulu yokwelashwa! Igciwane lisezingeni eliphansi kangangokuthi ngisho nokuhlolwa okubucayi kakhulu okutholakalayo okwamanje akukwazi ukulithola. Kuleli zinga, awukwazi ukudlulisela i-HIV komunye umuntu ngocansi . Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-U=U (Engatholakali = Engadluliseli). |
Ingabe "ukungabonakali" kusho ukuthi i-HIV yelaphekile?
Cha, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukungabonakali akusho ukuthi usuphulukisiwe. Igciwane le-HIV lingahlala lingasebenzi (lingasebenzi) ngaphakathi kwamaseli omzimba wakho. Uma uyeka ukuthatha i-ART, leli gciwane elingasebenzi lingaphinde lisebenze futhi inani legciwane lakho lizoqala ukwanda.
Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe ufinyelela ezingeni elingabonakali, kubalulekile ukuthatha imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe udokotela wakho impilo yakho yonke. Ukungabonakali kusho ukuthi imithi yakho isebenza kahle, usempilweni enhle, futhi awukwazi ukudlulisela i-HIV komunye umuntu ngocansi.
Wenzani uma uthola umbiko futhi uma kukhona izinkinga?
Ngokuvamile kuthatha isonto noma amabili ukuthi umbiko ufike. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi uzowuthola nini umbiko nokuthi ungathola kanjani. Uma uthola umbiko, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindinganiso ezikuwo. Uzochaza ukuthi zisho ukuthini kanye nohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa lwesikhathi esizayo.
Uma kunezimpawu zokutheleleka, njengobuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, noma ubomvu endaweni lapho igazi lidonswa khona, iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) ngokushesha.
Uma inani legciwane lomlingani wami lingatholakali, kufanele ngithathe i-PrEP?
Lona umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. I-PrEP (Pre-exposure prophylaxis) umuthi ongathathwa kusenesikhathi ngumuntu ongenalo igciwane lesandulela ngculazi ukuze avimbele ukutheleleka.
Uma umlingani wakho ene-HIV, futhi inani legciwane lakhe lingabonakali njalo okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha, futhi ephuza imithi yakhe ngendlela efanele, awukho engozini yokudlulisela i-HIV ngocansi.
Kodwa-ke, uma umthamo wakhe wegciwane ngezinye izikhathi ungaphezu kwamazinga angabonakali, noma uma ngezinye izikhathi ephuthelwa yimithi yakhe, kuphephile kakhulu kuwe ukuthatha i-PrEP. Lesi yisinqumo okufanele sixoxwe ngaso phakathi kwakho nodokotela wakho. Uzokunikeza iseluleko esingcono kakhulu ngesimo sakho.
Umthamo wegciwane le-HIV uyisilinganiso sokuthi i-HIV isebenza kangakanani emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuyithuluzi elibalulekile elisiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqaphe impilo yakho kanye nempumelelo yokwelashwa kwakho. Uma umuthi owodwa ungasebenzi, kunezinye izindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezingasiza ekunciphiseni umthamo wegciwane lakho. Ngakho-ke ungalokothi ulahle ithemba.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umthamo wegciwane le-HIV uwukuhlolwa okulinganisa inani legciwane le-HIV egazini lakho.
- Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ngama-antiretroviral (ART) ukuletha umthwalo wegciwane ezingeni "elingabonakali".
- Uma umthamo wakho wegciwane ungatholakali, awukwazi ukudlulisela i-HIV komunye umuntu ngocansi. (U=U)
- Ukungabonakali akusho ukuthi welaphekile. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthatha imithi njengoba nje udokotela ekuyalele impilo yakho yonke.
- Ukuhlolwa kwenani legciwane lakho ngesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni impilo yakho.
- Xoxa njalo nodokotela wakho ngombiko wakho wokuhlolwa kanye nanoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka onakho ngawo.
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