UKavindu (oneminyaka engu-24) oweza emtholampilo ngalolo suku wamangala kakhulu futhi wazibuza. Wabheka ikhadi lemithi esandleni sakhe, wanikina ikhanda, wangibuza umbuzo ongajwayelekile.
"Dokotela, izolo ebusuku ngibe nobuhlungu obukhulu bezinyo. Ngiphuze iphilisi lokubulala izinhlungu enganginikwe udokotela wamazinyo. Ngigwinye iphilisi ngalithumela esiswini sami, kodwa kungakapheli nemizuzu engama-20 ubuhlungu bezinyo bami baphela! Pho leli philisi elincane lazi kanjani ukuthi yizinyo lami elibuhlungu? Ingabe linohlobo oluthile lwesistimu ye-GPS eyakhelwe kulo?" kubuza uKavindu ngokwethembeka okukhulu.
Ngamomotheka ngathi kuKavindu, "Kavindu, akukho GPS ngaphakathi kwephilisi. Kodwa indlela esebenza ngayo emzimbeni wethu iyamangalisa ngempela. Kufana nesithunywa esizungeza idolobha. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngendlela yokuthola indawo lapho iphilisi libuhlungu khona ngemva kokuba lingene esiswini bese liphulukiswa."
Kwenzekani uma umuthi ungena esiswini? (Ukumuncwa)
Iphilisi esiliphuzayo kuqala liya esiswini sethu nasemathunjini amancane. Lapho, i-asidi kanye noketshezi esiswini kuqala ukuphula iphilisi libe yizinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu.
Lezi zinhlayiya zemithi encibilikisiwe zimuncwa ngezindonga zamathumbu amancane ziye egazini lethu. Kwisayensi yezokwelapha, le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukumuncwa .
Ukusatshalaliswa emzimbeni wonke ngegazi
Izinhlayiya zemithi ezingene egazini ziqala ukuhamba ngemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wonke ngokushaya kwenhliziyo.
Lapha, umuthi awuhambi nje ngqo endaweni ebuhlungu. Uhamba negazi liye kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba, kusukela ekhanda kuya ezinzwaneni. Kufana nokunisela ingadi yonke ngepayipi. Ngisho noma amanzi ehamba kuyo yonke ingadi, izitshalo eziwadingayo kuphela eziwamunca, akunjalo? Yileyo ndlela umuthi osebenza ngayo.
Imodeli Yokukhiya Nokhiye
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqonda ukuthi umuthi usebenza kanjani nokuthi udingeka kuphi iwukusebenzisa inkolelo-mbono ethi "Lock and Key Model" .
Imizimba yethu yakhiwe yizigidigidi zamaseli. Iseli ngalinye linama-"locks" amancane ebusweni balo akhiwe ngamaprotheni akhethekile. Kwezokwelapha, siwabiza lawa ma-receptor .
Izinhlayiya zamakhemikhali ezikumaphilisi esiwaphuzayo zifana “nezihluthulelo” eziklanywe ngokukhethekile. Njengoba lezi zihluthulelo zihamba egazini emzimbeni wonke, zinamathela engqamuzaneni elinokhiye (i-receptor) ezifanelana nawo ngqo.
- Indlela okusebenza ngayo imithi yobuhlungu: Uma izinyo libuhlungu, amangqamuzana ezinyo akhiqiza amakhemikhali abonisa ubuhlungu. Umuthi wobuhlungu uhamba egazini futhi uvimbele ama-receptor kumaseli ezinzwa athwala lezo zimpawu zobuhlungu aye ebuchosheni. Ngemuva kwalokho, umyalezo wobuhlungu awuhambi ebuchosheni, ngakho asizizwa ubuhlungu bezinyo.
- Indlela umuthi we-allergy osebenza ngayo:Ngokuvimba ama-receptor abopha i-histamine yamakhemikhali ebangela ukungezwani komzimba, izimpawu ezifana nokuthimula nokulunywa ziyasuswa.
Ukubhekana nama-Enzyme
Ngaphezu kwama-receptor, kuneqembu lezisebenzi emzimbeni wethu ezisheshisa inqubo ngayinye yamakhemikhali. Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-enzyme .
Eminye imithi isebenza ngokumisa okwesikhashana ukusebenza kwala ma-enzyme. Isibonelo, imithi efana ne-Panadol (Paracetamol) isebenza ngokumisa ukusebenza kwama-enzyme asebenza emzimbeni lapho sinobuhlungu nomkhuhlane.
Kungani sithola imiphumela emibi?
Ngenxa yokuthi izidakamizwa zihamba kuwo wonke umzimba, ngezinye izikhathi zingabopha kuma-receptor kwezinye izindawo ngaphandle kwalapho sizifuna khona.
Isibonelo, eminye imithi yezilonda zesisu ingahamba egazini bese ibopha kuma-receptor ebuchosheni, okusenza sizizwe silele. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umphumela ongemuhle .
Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe Kwanamuhla kanye ne-Nanotechnology
Nakuba imithi emidala yayithinta wonke umzimba, imithi yesimanje isithuthuke kakhulu kangangokuthi imithi yesimanje manje isifana nemicibisholo eshaya umgomo wayo.
- I-Nanotechnology: Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi imithi ifakwe kuma-nanoparticles, amancane ngokuphindwe kasigidi kunezinwele, bese ithunyelwa ngqo kumaseli anesifo (isib., amaseli omdlavuza).
- Ukwelashwa Kwama-Antibody: Kuye kwasungulwa imithi eqaphela futhi ihlasela izimpawu ezithile ebusweni bamangqamuzana omdlavuza, okunciphisa kakhulu umonakalo kumaseli anempilo kanye nemiphumela emibi.
Imithi evela emvelweni
Imithi eminingi yaseNtshonalanga esiyibonayo namuhla ivela ezitshalweni zemvelo kanye nesikhunta.
- I-aspirini: I-aspirini, umuthi wokuqeda izinhlungu odumile emhlabeni wonke kanye nowokunciphisa igazi, yatholakala okokuqala emagxolweni esihlahla somhlanga.
- I-Penicillin: I-antibiotic yokuqala yatholakala esikhumbeni esibizwa ngokuthi i-Penicillium notatum.
🚨 Izinyathelo zokuphepha kanye nezeluleko zezokwelapha
Nakuba imithi iwusizo kakhulu emzimbeni, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kabi kungasongela impilo.
Isikhathi sokubona udokotela ngokushesha:
- Uma uba nezimpawu zokungezwani komzimba okukhulu (i-Drug Allergy/Anaphylaxis) njengobunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kwezindebe nobuso, noma amabala abomvu esikhumbeni zingakapheli amahora ambalwa uphuze umuthi othile.
- Uma ngephutha uthatha okungaphezu komthamo obekwe udokotela wakho (umthamo oweqile).
- Uma kuvela izimpawu zezilonda zesisu noma izinkinga zezinso ngenxa yokusebenzisa njalo imithi yobuhlungu ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
Okumele Ukwenze Nokungafanele Ukwenze
| ✔️ Izinto okufanele uzenze (Okufanele Uzenze) | ❌ Okungafanele ukwenze |
|---|---|
| Thatha umuthi wakho ngesikhathi esifanele njengoba kuyalelwe udokotela wakho noma usokhemisi. | Ungalokothi uthathe imithi enikezwe udokotela yomunye umuntu ngoba nje izimpawu zakhe zifana nezakho. |
| Uma ukhulelwe noma uncelisa, tshela udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yimuphi umuthi. | Ungayeki ukuthatha imithi elwa namagciwane enqunywe udokotela wakho, noma ngabe uzizwa ungcono. |
| Gcina imithi ekhaya lakho endaweni ephephile neyomile kude nezingane. | Ungalokothi usebenzise imithi ephelelwe yisikhathi. |
❓ Eminye imibuzo ongase ube nayo (Imibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo)
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi iphilisi le-paracetamol lisebenze? ▼
Ngokuvamile, ngemva kokugwinya iphilisi le-paracetamol, kuthatha imizuzu engama-20 kuya kwengama-30 ukuthi lincibilike esiswini bese lingena egazini. Ukukhululeka kwalo okuphezulu kutholakala zingakapheli amahora angu-1-2 futhi umphumela uhlala emzimbeni amahora ama-4 kuya kwayi-6.
Kungani kuthiwa eminye imithi ithathwa ngaphambi kokudla kanti eminye ngemva kokudla?▼
Imithi ethathwa ngaphambi kokudla (isib. imithi yobuhlungu besisu) imuncwa kangcono esiswini esingenalutho. Imithi ethathwa ngemva kokudla (isib. imithi yobuhlungu kanye nama-antibiotic) ingasiza ekuvimbeleni izilonda zesisu ngoba ukudla kuvikela ulwelwesi lwesisu.
Kungcono yini ukuphula iphilisi noma ukulithatha njenge-capsule ?
Cha, akufanele kwenziwe nhlobo. Amanye amaphilisi nama-capsule aklanyelwe ukuncibilika kancane emzimbeni (Sustained Release) noma ahlale ephilile aze afike emathunjini, evikelwe kuma-asidi esiswini. Ukuwachoboza kungakhipha umuthi emzimbeni wonke ngesikhathi esisodwa, okubangela ubuthi noma kwenze umuthi ungasebenzi.
Kufanele ulahle kanjani umuthi ongasetshenziswanga? ▼
Imithi esele noma ephelelwe yisikhathi akufanele ilahlwe endlini yangasese noma ilahlwe kudoti ojwayelekile. Lokhu kungaholela ekukhishweni kwamakhemikhali endaweni ezungezile kanye namanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Inketho engcono kakhulu ukuyiyisa esibhedlela noma ekhemisi eliseduze ukuze ilahlwe.
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