Cabanga nje ukuthi ngokuzumayo usuka endaweni ekhanyayo kahle uye ekamelweni elimnyama. Kuthatha isikhathi ukuthi amehlo akho ajwayele ubumnyama, kodwa awukwazi ukubona lutho, akunjalo? Lokho kuvamile. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthi amehlo abo ajwayele ubumnyama, noma awakwazi ukubona nhlobo. Lokhu kuba yinkinga enkulu lapho ushayela ebusuku noma usebenza ekukhanyeni okuphansi. Namuhla sikhuluma ngalokhu 'kungaboni ebusuku', noma igama lezokwelapha lalo yiNyctalopia.
Kalula nje, kuyini 'ubumpumputhe basebusuku' (i-Nyctalopia)?
Into yokuqala okufanele uyiqonde ukuthi ubumpumputhe basebusuku akusona isifo esihlukile. Empeleni kuwuphawu lwesinye isifo esiyisisekelo. Kalula nje, ukungakwazi ukubona kahle ekukhanyeni okuncane noma ebumnyameni. Kubhekisela nasekungakwazini kwamehlo ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nezinguquko ezisheshayo ekukhanyeni (isb., ukusuka ekukhanyeni uye ebumnyameni). Abanye abantu bangase babe nalesi simo beseyingane, kanti abanye bangase babe naso lapho sebekhulile.
Sibona kanjani ebumnyameni? Ake sithole!
Ukuze uqonde lokhu, udinga ukuba nombono omncane wokuthi amehlo ethu asebenza kanjani ebumnyameni. Amehlo ethu afana namakhamera obuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Kunezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko kulokhu ezisisiza sibone ebumnyameni.
- I-Retina : Lokhu kutholakala ngemuva kweso lethu. Kufana nenzwa ekhamera. Inezinhlobo ezimbili ezikhethekile zamaseli athola ukukhanya. Lawa amakhoni nezinduku.
- Amakhoni: Lokhu kusisiza sibone umbala kanye nemininingwane emincane.
- Izinduku: Laba ngamaqhawe endabeni yethu. Ngoba lawa ngamaseli asisiza kakhulu ukubona ebumnyameni. Izinduku zakha u-95% wamaseli azwela ukukhanya ku-retina yethu.
- I-Iris: Wake waphawula ukuthi amehlo ekati akhula kanjani ebumnyameni futhi abe mancane ekukhanyeni? Amehlo ethu anengxenye efanayo . Yi-iris. Lena yingxenye yeso elawula inani lokukhanya okungena esweni, umfundi . Ebumnyameni, iyavuleka, ivule umfundi futhi ivumele ukukhanya okwengeziwe esweni. Ekukhanyeni, iyafinyela, inciphise inani lokukhanya.
Ngakho-ke, uma la maseli enduku engasebenzi kahle, noma uma umfundi engakhulu ngokwanele, iso alitholi ukukhanya okwanele. Yilapho-ke ukubona ebumnyameni kuba buthakathaka khona.
Yiziphi izizathu eziyinhloko zalesi simo?
Kunezinto eziningi ezingabangela ubumpumputhe basebusuku. Ake sizibheke etafuleni elilula. Lezi zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukukhanya okungenani okufinyelela iso noma i-retina engasebenzi kahle.
| Isizathu | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ama-cataract | Ilensi yeso iba namafu, okunciphisa inani lokukhanya okungena esweni. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu njengoba siguga. |
| I-Glaucoma | Ukulimala kwe-optic nerve ngenxa yokucindezela okukhulu ngaphakathi kweso. Lokhu kungathinta umbono ongaphandle kanye nombono wasebusuku. |
| Ukuntuleka kweVithamini A | I-Vitamin A ibalulekile ukuze izinduku zethu zisebenze kahle. Uma umzimba ungenayo i-vitamin A, ukubona ebusuku kuyaphazamiseka. Abantu abaye bahlinzwa ukwehlisa isisindo (isib. ukuhlinzwa kwe-gastric bypass) basengozini enkulu ngoba ukumuncwa kwe-vitamin A kuyancishiswa. |
| Izifo ezithile zofuzo | Kunezifo ezingavamile, ezizuzwe njengefa ezithinta i-retina, njenge- Retinitis Pigmentosa , i-cone-rod dystrophy , kanye ne-congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) . |
| Ukuhlinzwa okuthile nge-laser | Abanye abantu bangase babe nobunzima bokubona ebusuku njengomphumela ongemuhle ngemva kokuhlinzwa njenge- LASIK yokususa izibuko. |
Ingabe ikhona indlela yokwelapha lokhu?
Yebo! Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izimo eziningi ezibangela ukujuluka ebusuku zingelashwa . Ukwelashwa kuncike embangela eyinhloko.
Ngokwesibonelo,Uma une-cataracts , ingasuswa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa okulula. Ngemva kwalokho, ukubona kwakho kuzobuyela esimweni esijwayelekile. Uma imbangela iwukuntuleka kwe -vitamin A , lokhu kungalungiswa kalula ngokuthatha amaphilisi e-vitamin njengoba kuceliwe udokotela wakho.
Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifo zofuzo , njenge-Retinitis Pigmentosa, azinawo umuthi okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ngezindlela namadivayisi okuphatha izimpawu nokwenza impilo yakho ibe lula.
Njengoba kunezimbangela eziningi zalokhu, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubonana nodokotela wamehlo, okungukuthi, udokotela wakho, ukuze athole imbangela eqondile. Kulapho-ke kuphela lapho unganquma khona ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu kuwe.
Yiziphi izingozi uma zingelashwa?
Ingozi enkulu nesheshayo yalokhu izingozi zezimoto . Uma ushayela ebusuku, izibani ezikhanyayo emgwaqweni, kanye nezibani zezimoto ezizayo, zingaba nzima emehlweni akho. Futhi, kusihlwa, lapho ukukhanya kunyamalala futhi ubumnyama bufika, ukubonakala kuyancipha, ngakho-ke kunethuba elikhulu lokungaboni umuntu noma isilwane emgwaqweni bese kubanga ingozi.
Ngakho-ke, uma uhlangabezana nokulahlekelwa ngisho nokuncane kokubona ebusuku, sicela ugweme ukushayela noma ukusebenzisa imishini eyingozi ebusuku uze ubone udokotela. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphepheni kwakho nokwabanye.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?
Lokhu akuyona into ongayixilonga noma oyelapha ekhaya. Uma ubona izinguquko embonweni wakho ebusuku, noma uma unenkinga yokubona lapho usuka ekukhanyeni uye ebumnyameni, ngokuqinisekile kuyisizathu sokubona uchwepheshe wamehlo. Nakuba izimbangela eziningi zingezona ezimbi kakhulu, ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukulimala okukhulu kombono esikhathini esizayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Nyctalopia akuyona isifo esihlukile, kodwa iwuphawu lwesinye isifo esiyisisekelo.
- Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zifaka phakathi i-cataracts, i-glaucoma, ukuntuleka kwe-vitamin A, kanye nezifo ezithile zofuzo.
- Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izimbangela eziningi zalesi simo zingelashwa ngempumelelo, ngakho ungesabi.
- Uma unezinkinga ngokubona kwakho ebusuku, sicela ubonane nodokotela wamehlo ngokushesha.
- Ukuze uphephe wena kanye nabanye, gwema imisebenzi eyingozi njengokushayela ebusuku uze uthole iseluleko esifanele sezokwelapha.
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