Ingabe unoshukela ophezulu egazini? Ake sifunde konke mayelana ne-hyperglycemia!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi awuzizwa kahle? Ukhathele nje, noma uhlala womile? Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokuthi amazinga kashukela egazini lakho aphezulu kancane. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi ushukela ophezulu egazini, noma lokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi "i-Hyperglycemia." Ungakhathazeki, lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abanayo, futhi kubalulekile ukukuqaphela.

Kusho ukuthini ukuthi ushukela wegazi uphezulu? (I-Hyperglycemia)

Kalula nje, `(I-Hyperglycemia)` isho ukuthi inani likashukela, noma i-glucose, egazini lakho liphezulu kakhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umzimba wethu une -insulin encane kakhulu, noma lapho umzimba wethu ungakwazi ukusebenzisa i-insulin ngendlela efanele (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukumelana ne-insulin) .

I-Hyperglycemia ivame ukusho ukuthi unesifo sikashukela . Abantu abanesifo sikashukela bavame ukuba namazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini. Uma leli zinga likashukela egazini lihlala lingelashwa isikhathi eside, lingalimaza imizwa yakho, imithambo yegazi, izicubu, kanye nezitho zomzimba.

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma amazinga kashukela egazini ekhuphuka kakhulu, kungaholela esimweni esisongela impilo esisheshayo esibizwa ngokuthi i-diabetesic ketoacidosis (DKA) . Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela abathatha i-insulin kanye nalabo abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 esingatholakalanga. Lokhu kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo.

Ingakanani ushukela egazini obhekwa 'njengophezulu'?

Lokhu kuyinto edinga ukuchazwa kancane.

• Kumuntu ongakatholakali ukuthi unesifo sikashukela, uma izinga likashukela egazini lakhe liphakeme kune-125 mg/dL (ama-milligram nge-deciliter) ngemva kokuzila ukudla okungenani amahora angu-8 , kubhekwa njenge-"Hyperglycemia".
• Uma izinga likashukela lomuntu lokuzila ukudla liphakathi kuka-100 mg/dL no-125 mg/dL, kubhekwa njengesifo sikashukela esingaphambi kwesikhathi . Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunengozi enkulu yokuba nesifo sikashukela.
• Uma amazinga kashukela egazini ehlala ephakeme kuno-125 mg/dL, isifo sikashukela sivame ukutholakala - ngokuvamile lesi isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Uma abantu betholakala benesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, amazinga kashukela egazini labo avame ukuba phezulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-250 mg/dL).

Kumuntu onesifo sikashukela, izinga likashukela egazini elingaphezu kuka-180 mg/dL ngehora noma amabili ngemva kokudla libhekwa njenge-"Hyperglycemia." Kodwa-ke, la manani angahluka kuye ngemigomo yakho kashukela egazini. Kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukuthi iyini ngempela imigomo yakho.

Iyini le 'shukela' (i-glucose) egazini?

I-glucose, noma nje 'ushukela', iwumthombo oyinhloko wamandla emizimbeni yethu, ovela kuma-carbohydrate esiwadlayo. Lona umthombo oyinhloko wamandla emizimbeni yethu. Lo glucose uthwalwa usuka egazini lakho uye kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni wakho futhi usetshenziswa njengamandla.

Uma ungenaso isifo sikashukela, izinqubo eziningana zemvelo emizimbeni yethu zisiza ukugcina amazinga kashukela egazini esezingeni elifanele. Okubangela lokhu yi-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-insulin , eyenziwa yi-pancreas yethu.

Ushukela ophezulu egazini uvame ukubangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-insulin noma ukumelana ne-insulin. Yilokhu okubangela isifo sikashukela. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela kudingeka bathathe imithi (kungaba imithi yomlomo noma i-insulin yokwenziwa) kanye/noma benze izinguquko endleleni yokuphila ukuze balawule amazinga abo kashukela egazini.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

I-Hyperglycemia kanye nesifo sikashukela yizimo ezivame kakhulu. Isibonelo, umuntu oyedwa kwabayishumi eMelika unesifo sikashukela. Ushukela ophezulu egazini uvame kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Lesi simo sesivame kakhulu ezweni lethu.

Ziyini izimpawu zoshukela ophezulu egazini?

Uma amazinga kashukela egazini enyuka, ungase ungaboni izimpawu ezinkulu ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, ungase uqale ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu kancane kancane.

Izimpawu ezibonakala ngokushesha:

• Ukoma ngokweqile (i-polydipsia) kanye/noma ukuzizwa ulambile.
• Ukudinga ukuchama njalo.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu (ikhanda elibuhlungu).
• Umbono ofiphele kancane.

Izimpawu ezenzeka lapho amazinga kashukela enyuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi:

• Ukuzizwa nje ukhathele kakhulu.
• Ukwehlisa isisindo (ngaphandle kwesizathu).
• Abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okuthola izifo zemvubelo yesitho sangasese sowesifazane.
• Izifo zesikhumba .
• Amanxeba athatha isikhathi ukuphola.

Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninayo noma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ukuze uthole iseluleko.

Izinga likashukela egazini lapho abantu abanesifo sikashukela beqala khona ukuzwa izimpawu liyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Iningi labantu alibi nazo izimpawu ezinkulu kuze kube yilapho ushukela wabo egazini ufinyelela ku-250 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu. Kodwa-ke, abantu abangakatholakali benesifo sikashukela bangaba nazo izimpawu emazingeni aphansi.

Uma uthatha i-insulin noma eminye imithi yesifo sikashukela, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu zokuqala zoshukela ophezulu egazini nokuhlola amazinga kashukela egazini lakho njalo. Uma ingelashwa, lesi simo (i-hyperglycemia) singaholela ku -ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela (i-DKA).Lokhu kungaholela esimweni esiyingozi esibizwa ngokuthi i-ketoacidosis. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho igazi liba ne-asidi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-insulin kanye nokwanda kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-ketone. Lokhu kungathinta nabantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 esingakatholakali. Lokhu kungaba yisimo esiphuthumayo, okuholela e-coma noma ngisho nasekufeni.

Isimo esiyingozi: Izimpawu ze-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela (i-DKA):

• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni - ukulahlekelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
• Ubuhlungu besisu.
• Umoya onuka izithelo.
• Ukuphefumula okujulile, okukhandlekayo noma ukuphefumula okusheshayo (ukuphefumula kwe-Kussmaul).
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo.
• Ukudideka nokudideka.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.

Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninalezi zimpawu ze-`(DKA)`, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha!

Kungani ushukela egazini ukhuphuka kanje? Ziyini izimbangela?

Isizathu esiyinhloko soshukela ophezulu egazini ukuntuleka kwe-insulin. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yokumelana ne-insulin noma izinkinga ngama-pancreas ethu, akhiqiza i-insulin.

Amanye ama-hormone nawo angaba nomthelela ekukhuleni koshukela egazini. Isibonelo, ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwe-cortisol (eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-hormone yokucindezeleka") noma i-hormone yokukhula nakho kungaba nomthelela ekukhuleni koshukela egazini.

Ukumelana ne-insulin

Imbangela evame kakhulu ye-hyperglycemia ukumelana ne-insulin . Lokhu kwenzeka lapho imisipha yakho, amafutha, kanye namaseli esibindi engasabeli kahle ku-insulin.

Uma amangqamuzana akho engasabeli kahle ku-insulin, umzimba wakho udinga i-insulin eyengeziwe ukulawula ushukela wegazi lakho. Uma umzimba wakho ungakwazi ukukhiqiza i-insulin eyanele (noma uma ungayithathi i-insulin eyanele), amazinga kashukela egazini lakho ayakhuphuka.

Ukumelana ne-insulin kuyimbangela eyinhloko yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Kodwa-ke, singase senzeke nakubantu abangenaso isifo sikashukela nakubantu abanezinye izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela. Kungaba okwesikhashana noma isikhathi eside.

Ezinye zezimbangela ezivamile zokumelana ne-insulin:

• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi amafutha amaningi esiswini nasezithweni zomzimba (esikubiza ngokuthi 'amafutha angaphakathi' ), kuyimbangela enkulu yokumelana ne-insulin.
• Ukungasebenzi ngokomzimba.
• Ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu, okunama-carbohydrate amaningi kanye namafutha agcwele.
• Eminye imithi: Isibonelo , ama-corticosteroids, eminye imithi yokucindezeleka kwegazi, eminye imithi yokwelapha i-HIV, kanye neminye imithi yengqondo. Lokhu kungabangela ukumelana ne-insulin, okwesikhashana noma isikhathi eside, kuye ngokuthi uyithatha isikhathi esingakanani.

Ezinye izimo zama-hormone nazo zingabangela ukumelana ne-insulin:

• I-Cushing's syndrome (ukwanda kwe-cortisol).
• I-Acromegaly (i-hormone yokukhula ekhuphukile).
• Ukukhulelwa: Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ama-hormone akhishwa yi-placenta angabangela ukumelana ne-insulin. Lokhu kungaholela kushukela wokukhulelwa kwabanye abantu.

Ezinye izimo zofuzo ezizuzwe njengefa nazo zihlotshaniswa nokumelana ne-insulin:

• 'I-Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome'
• `Isifo sikaDonohue`
• `I-Myotonic dystrophy`
• `I-Alström syndrome`
• 'I-Werner syndrome'

Izinkinga ze-pancreas

Ukulimala kwe-pancreas yakho kungabangela ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin, okuholela ku-hyperglycemia. Ezinye zezifo ze-pancreas ezingabangela i-hyperglycemia nesifo sikashukela zifaka:

• Isifo Sokuzivikela Ezifweni: Kusifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, amasosha omzimba wakho ahlasela amaseli akhiqiza i-insulin kuma-pancreas akho ngesizathu esingaziwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-pancreas akho awasakwazi ukukhiqiza i-insulin, okubangela i-hyperglycemia. Isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) sibangelwa nayimpendulo yokuzivikela ezifweni, kodwa sikhula kancane kakhulu kunesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.
• I-pancreatitis engapheli: Lesi simo sibangela ukuvuvukala kwe-pancreas isikhathi eside, okungalimaza amaseli akhiqiza i-insulin. Lokhu kungaholela ekuntulekeni kwe-insulin (i-hyperglycemia). I-Pancreatitis iyimbangela eyaziwayo yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 3c .
• Umdlavuza we-Pancreatic: Umdlavuza we-Pancreatic ungalimaza amangqamuzana akhiqiza i-insulin, okubangela ukuntuleka kwe-insulin (i-hyperglycemia). Cishe abantu abangama-25% abanomdlavuza we-pancreatic batholakala benesifo sikashukela ezinyangeni eziyi-6 kuya kwezingama-36 ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza utholakale.
• I-Cystic fibrosis: Abantu abane-cystic fibrosis bangaba nezibazi kuma-pancreas abo ngenxa yokukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwama-mucus. Lokhu kunciphisa inani le-insulin elikhiqizwa ama-pancreas abo, okuholela ku-hyperglycemia kanye nesifo sikashukela esihlobene ne-cystic fibrosis (CFRD) .

Izimbangela zokwanda koshukela okwesikhashana

Kwezinye izimo, abantu abanesifo sikashukela nabangenaso bangase babe nokwenyuka kwesikhashana kwamazinga kashukela egazini (i-hyperglycemia).

• Ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba, njengokugula, ukuhlinzwa, noma ukulimalaLokhu kungakhuphula ushukela wegazi okwesikhashana.
• Ukucindezeleka okukhulu ngokomzwelo , njengesenzakalo esibuhlungu noma ukucindezeleka okuhlobene nomsebenzi, nakho kungabangela amazinga kashukela egazini ukuba akhuphuke. Lokhu kungenxa yokukhululwa kwama-hormone abizwa ngokuthi i-cortisol kanye/noma i-epinephrine (i-adrenaline) .

Izizathu ezikhethekile ezibangela ushukela ophezulu egazini kubantu abanesifo sikashukela

Kunezizathu eziningana ezenza abantu abanesifo sikashukela babe namazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini. Lokhu kungenzeka uma izinto ezifana nokudla kanye nemithi yesifo sikashukela zingalingani.

Izimo ezivamile ezingabangela "i-Hyperglycemia" kubantu abanesifo sikashukela:

• Ukungathathi i-insulin eyanele, ukuthatha uhlobo olungalungile lwe-insulin, ukuthatha i-insulin ephelelwe yisikhathi, noma inkinga ngendawo yokujova i-insulin (isib. inkinga ngendawo yokujova kumuntu osebenzisa iphampu ye-insulin).
• Isikhathi esingalungile sokusetshenziswa kwe-insulin nama-carbohydrate.
• Inani lama-carbohydrate owadlayo lingase lingalingani nenani le-insulini elikhiqizwa ngumzimba wakho noma inani le-insulini oyijovayo.
• Awuphuzi ngokwanele imithi yakho yesifo sikashukela.
• Ukungawuvivinyi umzimba kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.
• Isenzakalo se-Dawn: Ukwanda koshukela egazini ekuseni kakhulu.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezenzekayo uma ushukela egazini uqhubeka nokwanda?

Uma unezinga likashukela eliphezulu egazini (i-hyperglycemia engapheli) iminyaka eminingi, kungalimaza imithambo yegazi kanye nezicubu zakho. Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye zazo yilezi:

• I-retinopathy, ethinta amehlo .
• I-Nephropathy, ethinta izinso .
• I-neuropathy, ethinta imizwa .
• I-Gastroparesis, ebambezela ukuphuma kwesisu .
• Isifo senhliziyo .
• Isifo sohlangothi .

Into ebalulekile okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi ezinye izinto, njengethonya lezakhi zofuzo kanye nokuthi usunesikhathi esingakanani unesifo sikashukela, nazo zingathinta ukukhula kwezinkinga zesifo sikashukela.

Ukwanda okuzumayo nokukhulu koshukela egazini (i-hyperglycemia ebukhali) kungaholela esimweni esisongela impilo esibizwa ngokuthi i-diabetesic ketoacidosis (DKA) .

Ukuthola kanjani lokhu?

Odokotela bayalela ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kuhlolwe i-hyperglycemia kanye nokuxilonga isifo sikashukela. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-glucose yokuzila ukudla.
• Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela i-glucose.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-A1c.

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela bahlola ushukela wabo wegazi ekhaya (besebenzisa i-glucometer). Lokhu kubavumela ukuthi bahlole amazinga abo kashukela egazini futhi bahlole i-hyperglycemia. Uma usebenzisa uhlelo lokuqapha ushukela oluqhubekayo (i-CGM) , lungakwazisa uma ushukela wakho wegazi uphezulu. Kodwa-ke, lobu buchwepheshe ngezinye izikhathi bungaba obungalungile, ngakho-ke uma ukufundwa kwe-CGM kungafani nalokho ozizwayo, kubalulekile ukuhlola ushukela wakho wegazi nge-glucometer.

Ungalawula kanjani ushukela ophezulu egazini? (Ukwelashwa)

Uma uthatha i-insulin ukulawula isifo sikashukela sakho, indlela eyinhloko yokwelapha ushukela ophezulu egazini ukujova i-insulin. Wonke umuntu udinga inani elihlukile le-insulin. Wena nodokotela wakho nizonquma ndawonye ukuthi iyiphi idosi engcono kakhulu yokwelapha nokuvimbela ushukela ophezulu egazini kuwe. Izinguquko ekudleni kanye nohlelo lokuzivocavoca nakho kungasiza ekulawuleni ushukela wegazi lakho nokuvimbela i-hyperglycemia.

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili abangadingi ukuthatha i-insulin bangalawula i-hyperglycemia yabo ngokushintsha indlela yabo yokuphila (njengokudla nokuzivocavoca) kanye nemithi yesifo sikashukela ephuzwayo. Wena nodokotela wakho nizonquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo olukulungele.

Luhlobo luni lwethemba ongaba nalo uma uphila nalesi simo?

Isibikezelo sabantu abane-hyperglycemia sincike ekutheni balawula kahle kangakanani isifo sikashukela sabo sonke.

Izici eziningana zithinta ukuthi umuntu angakwazi yini ukulawula isifo sikashukela:

• Ukufinyelela izinsizakalo zezempilo.
• Ukufinyelela emfundweni yesifo sikashukela.
• Ukufinyelela ubuchwepheshe bokuphatha isifo sikashukela kanye nemithi.
• Ikhono lokufinyelela izinsiza zokudla okunempilo kanye nokuzivocavoca.
• Ukusekelwa okuvela kwabathandekayo.
• Izimo zempilo yengqondo (isib. ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka).
• Ezinye izimo zempilo zomzimba.

I-hyperglycemia yesikhathi eside ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu, futhi lezi zinkinga zivame ukuguquka. Izifundo eziningana zikhombisile ukuthi i-hyperglycemia yesikhathi eside engalashwanga ifinyeza isikhathi sokuphila futhi yenza ikhwalithi yokuphila ibe yimbi kakhulu.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi ungaphila impilo enempilo unesifo sikashukela. Lezi zinto zibaluleke kakhulu ukuze ube nombono omuhle:

• Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila.
• Ukuzivocavoca njalo.
• Izinguquko ekudleni.
• Ukuhlola ushukela egazini njalo (ikakhulukazi kulabo abasebenzisa i-insulin).

Izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi abantu abanesifo sikashukelaUkugcina izinga le-A1C lingaphansi kuka-7% kunganciphisa ingozi yezinkinga.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani ushukela wegazi ophakeme njalo?

Ngeshwa, kunzima ukuvimbela ngokuphelele ushukela ophezulu egazini uma unesifo sikashukela. Kodwa-ke, ungenza izinguquko ohlelweni lwakho lokuphatha isifo sikashukela ukuze uzame ukunciphisa imvamisa yoshukela ophezulu egazini.

Lokhu kulula ukukwenza uma wena nodokotela wakho niqonda ukuthi yini ebangela ushukela wakho wegazi ophezulu. Nikeza udokotela wakho imininingwane eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka ngesikhathi ngasinye ushukela wakho wegazi uphezulu. Ngezinye izikhathi ikhambi lenkinga lingaba lula njengokushintsha izikhathi ophuza ngazo umuthi wakho, odla ngazo, noma ovivinya umzimba.

Lezi zinyathelo zingasiza ekuvimbeleni ushukela ophezulu egazini:

• Thatha yonke imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe.
• Landela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho mayelana nokudla nokuzivocavoca.
• Hlola ushukela egazini lakho njalo.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela mayelana noshukela ophezulu egazini?

Uma unesifo sikashukela futhi uvame ukuba nezigameko zoshukela ophezulu egazini, bona udokotela wakho ozokusiza ukuphatha isifo sikashukela sakho. Angakusiza ukulungisa uhlelo lwakho lokuphatha. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi izinguquko ohlelweni lwakho lwemithi, uhlelo lokudla, noma uhlelo lokuzivocavoca.

Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma unezimpawu ze-`(DKA)` (isib. ukuhlanza nokoma ngokweqile okunoshukela ophezulu egazini), iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo ngokushesha. `(DKA)` idinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo.

Uyini umehluko phakathi koshukela ophezulu egazini (i-Hyperglycemia) noshukela ophansi egazini (i-Hypoglycemia)?

• I-Hyperglycemia iwukwenyuka kukashukela egazini. Igama elithi "Hyper-" lisho "ukuphakama" noma "ukudlula."
• I-Hypoglycemia iwushukela ophansi egazini. Igama elithi "Hypo-" lisho "ushukela ophansi."

I-Hyperglycemia ivame kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Ukuhlola ushukela wakho wegazi njalo nokubona udokotela wakho wesifo sikashukela kungakusiza ukuthi ulawule isifo sikashukela sakho kanye ne-hyperglycemia. Khumbula, ushukela ophezulu egazini akuyona into okufanele uyenze ngaso sonke isikhathi. Yazi ukuthi kunezinto ongazenza ukuze uyivimbele. Uma uzizwa ukhungathekile ngokulawula isifo sikashukela sakho, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Ndawonye, ​​ningakha uhlelo lokufinyelela imigomo yakho yokuphatha.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Ngakho-ke, kusukela kulokho esikuxoxile, kufanele uqonde ukuthi yini ushukela ophezulu egazini, noma "i-Hyperglycemia", izimbangela zayo, izimpawu, nokuthi ungayilawula kanjani.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela uma unalezi zimpawu. Uma zitholakale kusenesikhathi futhi ziphathwa kahle, ungaphila impilo enempilo nejabulisayo.

• Qaphela amazinga kashukela egazini lakho.
• Sebenzisa imithi oyinikezwe udokotela ngendlela efanele.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo .
• Vivinya umzimba njalo.
• Zama ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka .

Uma wenza lezi zinto ngendlela efanele, uzosizakala kakhulu ekuzivikeleni ku-"Hyperglycemia" kanye nezinkinga ezingabangelwa yisifo sikashukela. Awuwedwa, futhi baningi abantu abangakusiza kulolu hambo.

I- Hyperglycemia, isifo sikashukela, ushukela egazini, i-insulin, izimpawu, i-DKA, ukumelana ne-insulin