Ingabe ukucindezeleka kuyawathinta amehlo? Ake sixoxe nge-(Hypertensive Retinopathy)!

Ingabe unomfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme? Noma ingabe othile emndenini wakho noma kumngane wakho unawo? Esikhathini esiningi, sicabanga ukuthi uma sikhuluma ngomfutho wegazi ophakeme, kuthinta kuphela izitho ezinkulu njengenhliziyo, ubuchopho nezinso. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi lo mfutho wegazi ophakeme, uma sikhuluma ngokuqondile, ungabangela umonakalo omkhulu ngasese emehlweni akho? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esinjalo. Lokhu ngokwezokwelapha kubizwa ngokuthi `(Hypertensive Retinopathy)`. Nakuba igama liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, masiliqonde kalula.

Kuyini lokhu `(i-Hypertensive Retinopathy)`? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, `(I-Hypertensive Retinopathy)` iwumonakalo ku-`(I-Retina)` , ungqimba oluzwela kakhulu ngaphakathi kweso lakho, ngenxa yomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Cabanga ngakho, iso lethu lifana nekhamera. `(I-Retina)` isebenza njengefilimu ekule khamera. Uma ukukhanya kungena esweni, yileli elidala izithombe futhi lizithumele ebuchosheni. Ngakho-ke, i-`(I-Retina)` enempilo ibalulekile kithi ukuze sibone kahle.

Manje, kwenzekani uma unengcindezi ephezulu yegazi, noma umfutho wegazi ophezulu? Igazi ligeleza emithanjeni yegazi yomzimba wethu (odokotela bayibiza ngokuthi "imithambo yegazi") ngomfutho ophezulu kunojwayelekile. Kufana namanzi aphuma empompini ngamandla amakhulu. Uma imithambo yegazi icindezelwa kakhulu isikhathi eside, iqala ukonakala. Lo monakalo ungathinta imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wonke.

Ngakho-ke, yilokhu okwenzekayo ku-`(Hypertensive Retinopathy)`. Imithambo yegazi ethambile enikeza igazi ku-`(Retina)` yonakala ngenxa yalolu mfutho ophezulu. Ngemuva kwalokho i-`(Retina)` ayitholi umoya-mpilo kanye nokudla okudingakalayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungalimaza izingxenye ze-`(Retina)`, kubangele ukuthi ukubona kuphazamiseke, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kube nokungaboni.

Lesi yisixwayiso!

Kodwa indaba ayigcini lapho. I-Hypertensive Retinopathy ayisona isifo esithinta amehlo kuphela. Kuyisixwayiso esinamandla sokuthi kunezinkinga zokujikeleza kwegazi kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Cabanga ngakho, umfutho wegazi ophezulu awuthinti nje amehlo bese ukhohlwa ngezinye izingxenye. Uthinta imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wonke. Lokhu kungathinta ikakhulukazi imithambo ehlinzeka ngegazi enhliziyweni nasebuchosheni bethu.

Ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zalo monakalo zingase zingabonakali iminyaka eminingi. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, lesi yisibonakaliso sokuqala sokuthi umfutho wegazi ophakeme ulimaza imizimba yabo. Eqinisweni, abantu abane-retinopathy ekhuphukayo basengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo zenhliziyo , njengesifo semithambo yenhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi, esikhathini esizayo.

Kufana nokukhanya okuphuzi emgwaqweni. Kuyisignali ethi, 'Qaphela, yehlisa ijubane, futhi uqhubeke ngokuqapha.' Ngakho-ke, ukuthola ukuthi une-'(Hypertensive Retinopathy)' kungaba yinto eyesabekayo. Kodwa, cabanga ngakho njengethuba lokuphatha impilo yakho. Khuluma nodokotela wakho wamehlo kanye nodokotela womndeni ngalokhu. Kubalulekile ukuqonda kahle ukuthi umfutho wegazi ophakeme uthinta kanjani impilo yakho nokuthi ungaphathwa kanjani ngokwelashwa.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Ngenxa yokuthi umfutho wegazi ophakeme uvame kakhulu kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40, i-retinopathy ehambisana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme nayo ivamile kubo. Abacwaningi balinganisela ukuthi lesi simo sithinta abantu abadala abaphakathi kuka-4% no-18.7% abangenaso isifo sikashukela. Nakuba singathinta abantu banoma yiluphi uhlanga, sivame kakhulu kubantu abamnyama nabaseShayina.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-`(Hypertensive Retinopathy)`?

Abantu abaningi abanazo izimpawu. Lena yinto eyingozi kakhulu. Ukungazi ukuthi unenkinga kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu. Kodwa-ke, njengoba isimo siba sibi kakhulu, ungase ungakwazi ukubona izinto ngokucacile njengakuqala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungase ube nokungaboni kahle.

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izizathu?

Imbangela eyinhloko ye-hypertensive retinopathy umfutho wegazi ophezulu isikhathi eside. Cabanga nje, lapho ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi ethambile ku-retina yakho ikhula, leyo mithambo iba lukhuni futhi inciphe isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile. Odokotela bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi i-vasospasm. Lapho i-lumen yemithambo yegazi incipha, inani legazi eligeleza ku-retina liyancishiswa. Kufana nokucindezela utshani bokuphuza ngesandla sakho, bese umthambo wegazi uncishiswa.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imithambo yegazi e-retina iyaqina kancane kancane futhi iqine. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuthi igazi ligeleze. Uma ingcindezi iqhubeka nokuba phezulu, le mithambo yegazi ingonakala kakhulu, okuholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu njengokulahlekelwa umbono.

Yiziphi izinto ezibangela lokhu?

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu sengozi umfutho wegazi ophakeme isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izici eziningana eziyingozi:

• Ukuba nomlando wesifo senhliziyo, ikakhulukazi izimo ezithinta imithambo yegazi eyinhloko entanyeni (isifo semithambo ye-carotid).
• Ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa ugwayi.
• Amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol egazini.
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, okungukuthi, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile.
• Amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini (i-prediabetes noma i-hyperglycemia).
• Amazinga akhuphukile e-`(Creatinine)` umkhiqizo ongcolile ovame ukuhlungwa yizinso.
• Ukuba nenani elincane le-`(Albumin)` (uhlobo lweprotheni) emchameni wakho.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-Hypertensive Retinopathy?

Uma lokhu kungelashwa kahle, kungavela izinkinga eziningana:

• Ukubona kuya ngokuya kuba kubi futhi kungaholela ngisho nasekungabonini.
• Ukuvuvukala kwe-retina kubizwa ngokuthi i-macular edema.
• Ukunikezwa kwegazi okwanele kwi-retina kanye ne-optic nerve.
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retina nezicubu zayo ezisekelayo.

Futhi, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, obangela i-retinopathy ehambisana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, kwandisa ingozi yokuthola ezinye izifo zamehlo. Isibonelo:

• Ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal kuwukuvinjelwa komthambo ohambisa igazi ku-retina.
• Ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal ukuvaleka komthambo okhipha igazi ku-retina.
• I-retinopathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela (umonakalo wamehlo obangelwa isifo sikashukela) iya iba yimbi kakhulu.

Ungayibona kanjani i-`(Hypertensive Retinopathy)`?

Odokotela bamehlo yibo abaxilonga lesi simo. Ukuze benze lokhu, benza okulandelayo:

• Funda ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha (ikakhulukazi ukuthi unomfutho wegazi ophakeme nokuthi usunesikhathi esingakanani unawo).
• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele kwenziwa.
• Izithombe ze-retina yakho ziyathathwa. Kusetshenziswa amasu akhethekile okuskena njenge-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) kulokhu.

Yiziphi izimpawu udokotela azibonayo?

Ungase ungakwazi ukubona izimpawu ze-`(Hypertensive Retinopathy)` ngokwakho. Kodwa udokotela wamehlo uzozibheka ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Ezinye zezimpawu ezingabonakala ku-`(Retina)` yilezi:

• Ukuncishiswa kwemithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu (ama-Arterioles).
• Izindonga zalezi `(Arterioles)` ziyaqina.
• Amabala amhlophe, afana namafu (amabala oboya bekotini).
• Ama-Microaneurysms (lawa yimithambo yegazi emincane evulekile) abukeka njengamachashazi amancane abomvu.
• Ama-exudate aqinile amabala aphuzi enziwe ngamafutha namaprotheni avuza emithanjeni yegazi eyonakele.
• Ukuvuvukala kwekhanda le-optic nerve (i-Papilledema).

Ezinye izimpawu, njenge-"(Papilledema)," zibonakala kuphela uma lesi sifo siba sibi kakhulu.

Yiziphi izigaba ze-`(Hypertensive Retinopathy)`?

Odokotela basebenzisa amagama athi "izigaba" noma "amamaki" ukuchaza ubunzima besifo. I-retinopathy enesifo somfutho wegazi ophakeme ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngamamaki amane (iBanga 1 kuya kuBanga 4) ngokusekelwe ebunzimeni bayo. IBanga 1 libonakala ngezimpawu eziyisisekelo, njengokuncipha kwama-arterioles. IBanga 4 libonakala ngomonakalo omkhulu ku-retina.

Olunye uhlobo luhlukanisa amehlo akho ngezigaba ezintathu: Okuncane, Okumaphakathi, kanye Nokubi (lesi yisigaba esinzima kakhulu). Ngemva kokuhlola amehlo akho, udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi isimo sakho sikusiphi isigaba nokuthi sizokuthinta kanjani.

Ukwelapha kanjani lokhu?

Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi.Lokhu kuvame ukuhilela izinguquko zendlela yokuphila kanye/noma imithi. Udokotela wakho uzokwakha uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele wena.

Uma sikhuluma ngezinguquko zendlela yokuphila:

• Ukugcina isisindo sakho siphilile.
• Ukulandela ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi ukunciphisa usawoti, kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Zivocavoce njalo . Zama ukuthola okungenani imizuzu eyi-150 yokuzivocavoca ngamandla aphakathi nendawo, njengokuhamba, ngesonto.
• Ukunciphisa uphuzo oludakayo.

Uma udinga imithi yokwelapha umfutho wegazi lakho, udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi hlobo luni lomuthi oludingayo nokuthi kufanele uluthathe kangaki. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe futhi ngesikhathi. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi yakho ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

Ingabe i-Hypertensive Retinopathy ingelapheka?

Yebo, ungakwazi! Ukuthatha ukwelashwa ukuze wehlise umfutho wegazi kungasiza i-retina yakho ukuthi ilulame. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ezinye izimpawu ze-retinopathy enomfutho wegazi ophezulu zingathuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akwenzeki njalo, futhi kuncike ebunzimeni besimo sakho. Uma uqala ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi, ngaphambi kokuba isifo sibe sibi kakhulu, unethuba elingcono lokubuyisela emuva umonakalo ku-retina yakho.

Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisana eduze nodokotela bakho ukuze uphathe umfutho wegazi lakho kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.

Yini engingayilindela uma nginalesi simo?

Ukubikezela kwakho kuncike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa nobunzima besimo sakho nokuthi ufuna ukwelashwa ngokushesha kangakanani. Abanye abantu abanakho ukulahlekelwa umbono nhlobo, futhi izimpawu ze-retinopathy yomfutho wegazi ophakeme ziyanyamalala lapho ingcindezi incipha. Abanye bangase babe nokulahlekelwa umbono noma ezinye izinkinga ezidinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe.

Udokotela wakho wamehlo kanye nodokotela womndeni bangakutshela ukuthi yini ongayilindela ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.

I-Hypertensive Retinopathy kanye Nengozi Yesifo Senhliziyo

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, `(I-Hypertensive Retinopathy)` iyisibonakaliso esiyisixwayiso sokuthi kunezinkinga ngokugeleza kwegazi kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Lezi zinkinga zingase zibe khona kakade, noma zingase zivele esikhathini esizayo. Abantu abane-`(I-Hypertensive Retinopathy)` basengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo ezahlukahlukene zenhliziyo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinkinga ngenhliziyo yakho kanye nezinkinga ngokugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni ehlinzeka ngegazi ebuchosheni (imithambo ye-Carotid).

Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho angase anqume ukwenza izivivinyo ezithile ukuhlola impilo yenhliziyo yakho noma imithambo ye-carotid. Ngoba uma i-retina yakho ingatholi igazi elanele, ubuchopho bakho bungase bungatholi igazi elanele.

Kubalulekile ukusebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuthola lezi zimo. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi izinguquko zendlela yokuphila, imithi, kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Kungase kudingeke futhi ukuthi uthathe imithi ethile ukuze uphathe izimo zezokwelapha ezikhona futhi unciphise ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu, njengesifo sohlangothi.

Ingabe i-Hypertensive Retinopathy ingavinjelwa?

Yebo, ungasiza ekuvimbeleni lesi simo ngezinga elithile:

• Hamba uyohlolwa udokotela njalo ngonyaka. Udokotela wakho uzokala umfutho wegazi lakho bese ekutshela imiphumela. Ukwazi ukuthi unesifo somfutho wegazi esiphezulu kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokwehlisa umfutho wegazi.
• Lawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Uma umfutho wegazi wakho uphakeme, udokotela wakho uzokhuluma nawe ngezindlela zokuwehlisa ube sezingeni elinempilo. Isibonelo, bangase batuse izinguquko zendlela yokuphila (njengokudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo) noma ukuzivocavoca njalo. Bangase futhi bakunikeze imithi.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ukuze ulawule umfutho wegazi lakho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokuphuza imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe. Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka mayelana nohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa noma ikhono lakho lokunamathela kulo.

Kufanele ngifune nini iseluleko sezokwelapha?

Hamba uyohlolwa udokotela njalo ngonyaka. Udokotela wakho uzohlola izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile , okuhlanganisa nomfutho wegazi lakho. Ukuhlolwa njalo okufana nalokhu kungakusiza ukuthi ubone izinkinga kusenesikhathi ngaphambi kokuba zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Kufanele futhi ubone uchwepheshe wamehlo njalo ukuze ahlolwe amehlo. Iningi labantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 kufanele lihlolwe amehlo ngokuphelele njalo ngonyaka noma emibili. Uchwepheshe wakho wamehlo uzokutshela ukuthi kufanele uvakashele kangaki, kuye ngempilo yamehlo akho, iminyaka yakho, nezinye izici.

Kufanele ngiye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo?

Uma unezimpawu zenkinga yomfutho wegazi ophakeme, shayela u-911 noma inombolo yakho yezimo eziphuthumayo yasendaweni ngokushesha. Lesi yisimo lapho umfutho wegazi uba phezulu kakhulu ngaphandle kwesixwayiso. Izimpawu zifaka:

• Umfutho wegazi ongu-180/120 mmHg noma ngaphezulu.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ukuba ndikindiki.
• Izinguquko embonweni.
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma.

Ukuthola ukuthi une-Hypertensive Retinopathy kungase kukwethuse. Mhlawumbe ubuwazi ukuthi umfutho wegazi wakho uphezulu, kodwa ubungazi ukuthi uthinta amehlo akho. Noma mhlawumbe ubungazi ukuthi umfutho wegazi wakho awujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, manje sekuyisikhathi sokufunda kabanzi mayelana nokuxilongwa kwakho nokuthi kusho ukuthini kuwe. Sebenzisana nodokotela wakho wamehlo kanye nodokotela womndeni ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okudingayo. Ndawonye, ​​ningavikela umbono wakho kanye nempilo yakho iyonke iminyaka ezayo.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

• I-Hypertensive Retinopathy ukulimala kwe-retina yeso okubangelwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
• Ngokuvamile, azikho izimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe amehlo akho njalo.
• Lesi simo singaba uphawu oluyisixwayiso lwezinkinga ngemithambo yegazi kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, njengenhliziyo nobuchopho.
• Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ukulawula umfutho wegazi, okuhlanganisa ukushintsha indlela yokuphila kanye, uma kudingeka, nemithi.
• Uma kutholakala futhi kwelashwa kusenesikhathi, umonakalo wokubona ungancishiswa futhi mhlawumbe welapheke ngokuphelele.
• Khuluma nodokotela bakho bese ulandela imiyalelo yabo ngqo.

Ungesabi, thola ulwazi, futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo. Impilo yakho isezandleni zakho!

Umfutho wegazi ophakeme , ukubona, i-retina, i-retinopathy, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, isifo samehlo, ingcindezi, i-Hypertensive Retinopathy