Ingabe ubhekene nezimpawu ezingajwayelekile ngenxa yamazinga aphansi e-calcium emzimbeni wakho? Kungaba yi-hypoparathyroidism!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa ubuhlungu bomzimba obungachazeki? Ingabe izitho zakho zomzimba ziyaba ndikindiki? Noma uzizwa sengathi isikhumba sakho siyakhasa nje? Esinye sezizathu zalezi zinto kungaba yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hypoparathyroidism, esizokhuluma ngaso namuhla. Ungakhathazeki, yize lesi kuyisimo esingavamile, singalawulwa uma siqashelwa futhi siphathwa kahle. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe.

Kuyini i-Hypoparathyroidism?

Kalula nje, i-hypoparathyroidism yilapho igazi lakho likhiqiza i-Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) encane kakhulu noma lingayikhiqizi nhlobo. Le hormone ibalulekile ekulawuleni amazinga e-calcium ne-phosphorus emzimbeni wakho. Ngakho-ke, lapho amazinga e-PTH yakho ephansi, amazinga e-calcium egazini lakho ehla - lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-hypocalcemia - futhi amazinga e-phosphorus egazini lakho ayakhuphuka.

Lesi simo sivame ukuba singapheli , okusho ukuthi singahlala impilo yonke. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, singathuthuka okwesikhashana.

Ngakho-ke ziyini lezi zindlala ze-parathyroid?

Cabanga nje, ngaphambili kwentamo yethu, ngesimo sebhabhathane, kukhona i-Thyroid Gland. Ngemuva kwaleyo Gland ye-Thyroid, kunezindlala ezine, ngokuvamile ezingange-pea encane. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-Parathyroid Glands . Lezi ziyingxenye ye-Endocrine System, ekhiqiza ama-hormone emzimbeni wethu.

Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zindlala ezine zingatholakala kwenye indawo entanyeni, esifubeni, noma ngisho nasemqaleni. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi izindlala ze-ectopic parathyroid .

Umsebenzi oyinhloko walezi zindlala ze-parathyroid ukukhiqiza i-parathyroid hormone (PTH). Le PTH yiyo egcina izinga le-calcium egazini lethu lisezingeni elifanele.

• Uma i-PTH incipha: I-calcium egazini iyancipha (i-Hypocalcemia).
• Uma i-PTH ikhuphuka: I-calcium egazini iyanda (i-Hypercalcemia).

Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa le hormone ye-PTH iyasiza futhi ekulawuleni amazinga e-phosphorus ne-vitamin D egazini nasemathanjeni.

Iyini i-calcium? Iyisebenzelani imizimba yethu?

I-calcium iyiminerali ebalulekile emizimbeni yethu. Ubuwazi ukuthi iningi le-calcium emizimbeni yethu ligcinwa emathanjeni ethu? Kodwa-ke, kumele futhi kube nenani elithile le-calcium egazini.

Ake sibheke ezinye izinto ezibalulekile ngaphandle kwe-calcium egazini:

• Kuyasiza ukusebenza kwesimiso sethu sezinzwa .
• Kusiza imisipha ukuthi ifinyele futhi iphumule . Yilokhu okusivumela ukuthi sinyakazise imilenze yethu futhi sihambe.
• Uma silimele futhi siphuma igazi, kusiza ukujiya kwegazi .
• Kubalulekile ukuthi inhliziyo yethu isebenze kahle .

Manje usuyaqonda ukuthi i-hypocalcemia (i-calcium ephansi egazini) ebangelwa yi-hypoparathyroidism ingathinta kanjani izinto eziningi. I-calcium iyadingeka futhi ukuze kugcinwe amathambo eqinile. Kodwa i-hypocalcemia ukwehla kwe-calcium egazini, hhayi ukwehla kwe-calcium emathanjeni.

Ingabe i-hypoparathyroidism ingabangela ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte?

Yebo, impela. I-Calcium ne-Phosphorus izinhlobo ezimbili zama-electrolyte . Ama-electrolyte amaminerali ane-charge kagesi emizimbeni yethu futhi anegalelo emisebenzini eminingi ebalulekile. Ku-hypoparathyroidism, i-calcium egazini iyancipha futhi i-phosphorus iyanda, okubangela ukungalingani kwama-electrolyte. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungisa lokhu.

Kukhona okunye futhi. I-magnesium ingenye i-electrolyte ebalulekile. Uma izinga le-magnesium egazini lehla (i-Hypomagnesemia) , ingaba yimbangela ye-hypoparathyroidism. Ngoba i-magnesium ibalulekile ukuze izindlala ze-parathyroid zisebenze kahle.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Hypoparathyroidism ne-Hyperparathyroidism?

La magama amabili afana kancane, ngakho-ke angadida. Kwezokwelapha, isiqalo esithi "Hypo" sisho "okuncane" noma "okwanele." Isiqalo esithi "Hyper" sisho "okuningi" noma "okuphakeme."

• I-Hypoparathyroidism: Izindlala ze-parathyroid azikhiqizi i-hormone ye-parathyroid eyanele (i-PTH), ebangela amazinga aphansi e-calcium egazini.
• I-Hyperparathyroidism: Izindlala ze-parathyroid zikhiqiza i-PTH eningi kakhulu, okubangela ukwanda kwe-calcium egazini.

Kulula, akunjalo?

Ubani othola lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hypoparathyroidism?

Lokhu kungenzeka kubantu abadala kanye nezingane ezincane. Kodwa njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lesi yisimo esingavamile .

• Kwabantu abadala: Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukulimala ngengozi kwezindlala ze-parathyroid ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwentamo - isibonelo, ukuhlinzwa kwe-thyroid.
• Ezinganeni: Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa yisimo sofuzo esibizwa ngokuthi i-DiGeorge Syndrome ezinganeni.

Ngisho nasezweni elifana neMelika, lesi simo kuthiwa sithinta abantu abangaphansi kwezinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amabili. Ngakho-ke, ezweni lethu, singaba sincane nakakhulu.

Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-hypoparathyroidism?

Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu.

• Ukulimala kwezindlala ze-parathyroid: Lena yimbangela evame kakhulu. Cishe amaphesenti angamashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu (75%)Iziguli ziba nalesi simo lapho izindlala zonakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa entanyeni noma endlaleni ye-thyroid. Ngezinye izikhathi, lesi simo singase senzeke eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Kodwa ngokuvamile, siqala ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlinzwa. I-Hypoparathyroidism eyenzeka ngale ndlela ivame ukuba yesikhashana, kodwa kwabanye abantu ingaba yaphakade. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi kulimaze lezi zindlala.

• Izimo zofuzo: Ngaphansi kwamaphesenti ayishumi (10%) amacala abangelwa yizimo zofuzo. Okuvame kakhulu kulezi yi -DiGeorge Syndrome . Lesi yisimo sofuzo se-chromosome. Izingane ezizalwa nalesi sifo azinazo izindlala ze-parathyroid. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokuthi azikhiqizi i-PTH, zine-hypoparathyroidism engapheli. Cishe ama-60% ezingane ezine-hypoparathyroidism kuthiwa zine-DiGeorge Syndrome. Kungabangelwa futhi ezinye izifo zofuzo ezihambisana nokungezwa kanye nesifo sezinso.

• Izifo Ezizenzakalelayo: Ngezinye izikhathi amasosha omzimba ethu ahlasela ngephutha izindlala ze-parathyroid. I-Type 1 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome ingenye yezifo ezinjalo. Lokhu kubangela i-hypoparathyroidism eqhubekayo. Kungabangelwa futhi yizimo ezibizwa ngokuthi isifo sika-Addison kanye ne-anemia eyingozi .

• Izinkinga Zokungena Emathunjini: Kwezinye izimo zesifo, izinto ezifana ne-iron (njengase-hemochromatosis) kanye nethusi (njengasesifweni sikaWilson) zinganqwabelana ezindlaleni ze-parathyroid. Futhi, ezinye izifo ezibangelwa umdlavuza zingaphazamisa ukusebenza kwalezi zindlala, okubangela i-hypoparathyroidism.

• Amazinga Aphansi E-Magnesium: Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-magnesium ibalulekile ukuze izindlala ze-parathyroid zisebenze kahle. Amazinga aphansi e-magnesium egazini (i-hypomagnesemia) angaholela ku-hypoparathyroidism. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-functional hypoparathyroidism . Lesi simo sivame ukuxazululeka lapho amazinga e-magnesium ebuyiselwa.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-hypoparathyroidism?

Ngokuvamile, lesi simo sikhula kancane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu zingaba zicashile kakhulu. Abanye abantu abazi nokuthi banalesi simo iminyaka eminingi.

Lezi yizimpawu ezingabonakala ngokujwayelekile:

• Ukuqaqamba kwezindebe, iminwe, kanye nezinzwane.
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha.Uyakhumbula ngezinye izikhathi ukuthi izinwele zakho zivele emilenzeni ebusuku? Izinto ezinjalo, kodwa uma kwenzeka njalo, kungaba uphawu lokuntuleka kwe-calcium.
• Ukuqina kwemisipha (i-Tetany).
• Ubuhlungu besisu.
• "Inkungu yobuchopho" yisimo lapho unenkinga yokugxilisa ingqondo futhi uzizwe udidekile kancane.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo (i-Arrhythmia).
• Izinzipho ezithambile.
• Izinwele ezomile kanye nesikhumba esomile nesinamaqhubu.
• Ukuvela kwe-cataracts.
• Ubuthakathaka be-enamel yamazinyo ezinganeni.

Odokotela basibona kanjani lesi simo?

I-Hypoparathyroidism ivame ukusolwa futhi iqinisekiswe lapho ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi amazinga e-calcium egazini lomuntu kanye ne-parathyroid hormone (PTH) aphansi.

Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu azicacile, odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bathola lesi simo "ngokungahleliwe." Okusho ukuthi, baqala ukusifuna kuphela lapho bebona i-calcium ephansi egazini ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile kwesinye isimo.

Uma umuntu eqinisekiswa ukuthi une-PTH hormone kanye namazinga e-calcium aphansi egazini lakhe kabili zingakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha, kubhekwa njenge -hypoparathyroidism engapheli .

Hlobo luni lokuhlolwa okwenziwayo ngalokhu?

Uma unalezi zimpawu, udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi akubuze ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha womndeni, kanye nemithi oyiphuzayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-parathyroid hormone (PTH).
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-calcium.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-phosphorus.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-magnesium.
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo kwamahora angama-24: Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi ingakanani i-calcium ekhishwa emchameni.

Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze ahlole imiphumela emibi kakhulu engase ibangelwe yilesi simo. Isibonelo:

• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG noma EKG): Ukuhlola ukungalingani kwesigqi senhliziyo.
• I-computed tomography (CT) scan: Ukuhlola ukugcinwa kwe-calcium ebuchosheni (Brain Calcifications).

Kuphathwa kanjani lokhu?

Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa kwe-hypoparathyroidism ukunciphisa izimpawu nokubuyisela amazinga e-calcium namanye amaminerali emzimbeni wakho emazingeni afanele.

Lokhu okulandelayo kungenziwa njengokwelashwa:

• Ukuhlinzeka nge-Calcium Carbonate kanye ne-Vitamin D supplements:Abantu abaningi abane-hypoparathyroidism kuzodingeka bathathe amaphilisi noma uketshezi lwe-calcium ne-vitamin D impilo yabo yonke. Lona umugqa oyinhloko nowokuqala wokwelashwa kwalesi simo. I-Vitamin D ibalulekile emizimbeni yethu ukuze imunce i-calcium kahle. Ngakho-ke uma une-hypoparathyroidism, kuzodingeka uthathe zombili lezi zithako.
• Ukudla okune-calcium eningi kanye ne-phosphorus ephansi: Udokotela wakho angase akucebise ukuthi udle ukudla okune-calcium eningi (ubisi, ushizi, iyogathi, imifino eluhlaza) futhi unciphise ukudla okune-phosphorus eningi (inyama ecutshunguliwe, iziphuzo ezifana ne-cola). Kodwa-ke, njengoba kunzima ukuthola i-calcium eyanele ekudleni kuphela, ukuthatha izithasiselo kungadingeka.
• Imijovo ye-Parathyroid hormone (PTH): Uma izithako ze-calcium ne-vitamin D zodwa zingalawuli isimo sakho, udokotela wakho angase anqume ukukunika imijovo ye-parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Yebo, ngezinye izikhathi uma inani likavithamini D kanye ne-calcium elinikezwa njengokwelashwa liphezulu kakhulu, izinga le-calcium egazini lingaba phezulu kakhulu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-hypercalcemia . Lokhu kuyingozi nasemzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo ukuze ubone ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kusebenza kahle nokuthi izinga lakho le-calcium lilungile.

Kukhona ingozi encane kakhulu yokuba nohlobo lomdlavuza wamathambo olubizwa ngokuthi i-osteosarcoma ngokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemijovo ye-parathyroid hormone (PTH). Ngakho-ke, odokotela batusa lo mjovo kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingaphumelelanga.

Yiziphi izinto ezibangela lesi simo?

Kunezici eziningana ezandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-hypoparathyroidism:

• Njengoba ngisanda kuhlinzwa entanyeni noma e-thyroid.
• Umlando womndeni wezifo ze-parathyroid gland.
• Ukuba nezifo ezithile zokuzivikela komzimba ezithinta uhlelo lwe-endocrine, njengesifo sika-Addison.

Iyini inkomba yalesi simo?

Umbono we-hypoparathyroidism ngokuvamile muhle, ikakhulukazi uma lesi simo sibonakala kusenesikhathi futhi kuqaliswa ukwelashwa okufanele.

Kodwa-ke, uma lesi simo sibangela izinto ezifana ne-cataracts, i-calcifications yobuchopho, kanye nezinguquko zamazinyo, kunzima ukuzibuyisela emuva. Yingakho ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kubalulekile.

Lesi simo sizohlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Esikhathini esiningi, i-hypoparathyroidism iyisimo esingamahlalakhona, okusho ukuthi sihlala impilo yonke. Kodwa-ke, i-hypoparathyroidism ingaba yesikhashana ngenxa yezimbangela ezithile (isb., ukuntuleka kwe-magnesium, okwesikhashana ngemva kokuhlinzwa).

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingavela kulokhu?

Uma i-hypoparathyroidism ingelashwa kahle, izinkinga ezahlukahlukene zesikhathi eside zingavela:

• Izinkinga zokusebenza kwezinso.
• Amatshe ezinso.
• Ama-cataract.
• Ukufakwa kwe-calcium ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zobuchopho.

Lesi simo, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, singabangela izinkinga ezifana nalezi:

• Ukukhula okubi.
• Izinkinga zamazinyo.
• Ukukhula kwengqondo okuhamba kancane.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuthi uma izinga le-calcium egazini lehla ngokuzumayo nangokubi kakhulu (i-Acute Hypocalcemia), uma lingelashwa ngokushesha, lingaholela ezimweni ezisongela ukuphila njengokuxhuzula kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula ngenxa yokuqina kwe-laryngeal . Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu (isib. ukudikiza kwemisipha okukhulu, ukuxhuzula), kufanele uye esibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

• Uma unezimpawu ocabanga ukuthi zingaba yi-hypoparathyroidism, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.
• Uma usuvele utholakale une-hypoparathyroidism, kufanele uhlolwe amazinga e-calcium egazini lakho ngezikhathi ezithile njengoba kuyalelwe udokotela wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukwelashwa okufanele.
• Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, uma uzwa izimpawu ze-acute hypocalcemia, njengokuqhaqhazela okukhulu kwemisipha noma ukuxhuzula , hamba esibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Hypoparathyroidism yisimo esingavamile, kodwa siyelapheka futhi singalawuleka . Izimpawu ngezinye izikhathi zingaba zicashile futhi kube nzima ukuzibona. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho uma unezici eziyingozi zalesi simo (isibonelo, uma usanda kuhlinzwa entanyeni noma uma othile emndenini wakho enesifo se-parathyroid).

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula okumbalwa kungahlola amazinga akho e-parathyroid hormone (PTH) kanye ne-calcium. Uma ubona lesi simo kusenesikhathi, ungaqala ukwelashwa okufanele, uvimbele izinkinga, futhi uphile impilo enempilo. Ngakho-ke, ungesabi, kodwa qaphela lokhu. Uma unenkinga, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

I- Hypoparathyroidism, I-Hypoparathyroidism, Izindlala ze-Parathyroid, I-Parathyroid hormone, i-PTH, i-Calcium, i-Hypocalcemia, i-Phosphorus, i-Vitamin D, ama-Electrolyte, Izimpawu, Ukwelashwa