Ingabe umzimba wakho awunawo umoya-mpilo? Ake sifunde nge-hypoxia.

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa uphelelwa umoya, unesizungu, noma udidekile? Lokhu kungaba ngenxa ye -hypoxia, isimo lapho izicubu zomzimba wakho zingatholi khona umoya-mpilo owanele. Njengoba lokhu kungaba kubi kancane, ake sixoxe ngakho ngendlela elula neqondakala kalula. Ungesabi, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela.

Kuyini i-hypoxia? Kalula nje...

Kulungile, ake siqale siqonde ukuthi iyini i-hypoxia. Kalula nje, yilapho izicubu zomzimba wakho zingatholi umoya-mpilo owanele. Uma siphefumula, umoya-mpilo uya emaphashini. Ukusuka lapho, umuncwa egazini ngamasaka amancane omoya emaphashini (abizwa ngokuthi i-alveoli) kanye nemithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu (ebizwa ngokuthi ama-capillary) egijima eduze. Leli gazi elicebile ngomoya-mpilo bese lihamba emzimbeni wonke futhi lilethe umoya-mpilo kwezinye izicubu.

Ungacabanga nge-oxygen njengabagibeli abayizigidigidi abafika esikhumulweni sezindiza (okungukuthi, amaphaphu akho). Bayathathwa lapho bese bethuthwa ngomgwaqo omkhulu (okungukuthi, igazi lakho) baye lapho beya khona (okungukuthi, izicubu zomzimba wakho). Lapho i-oxygen ifika endaweni yayo efanele, ivula indlela yomunye umgibeli , i-carbon dioxide . Le carbon dioxide ingumkhiqizo ongcolile. Ibuyela emaphashini akho bese iphuma emzimbeni wakho uma ukhipha umoya.

Ngakho-ke, uma ungatholi umoya-mpilo owanele endaweni ethile endleleni, i-hypoxia ingenzeka. Lokhu kudinga kokubili ukuhamba komoya kanye nokugeleza kwegazi . Yingakho abantu abanesifo samaphaphu nesifo senhliziyo besengozini enkulu yokuthola i-hypoxia. Siphinde sibize umuntu ohlushwa i-hypoxia ngokuthi "u-hypoxia."

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Hypoxia kanye ne-Hypoxemia?

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa la magama amabili - i-hypoxia kanye ne-hypoxemia - esetshenziswa ngokushintshana. Kodwa awafani ngempela. Amagama afana, okungadida, ngoba zombili izimo zihilela ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo, kodwa ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba.

• I-Hypoxia ukwehla komoya-mpilo ezicutshini zomzimba wakho .
• I-Hypoxemia ukwehla komoya-mpilo egazini lakho .

I-Hypoxia ivame ukwenzeka ngenxa ye-hypoxemia, kodwa lokhu akwenzeki njalo. Umuntu angaba ne-hypoxia ngaphandle kokuba ne-hypoxemia, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Uyaqonda?

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-hypoxia?

Noma yisiphi isimo esinciphisa inani lomoya-mpilo egazini lakho, noma yini evimbela ukugeleza kwegazi, singabangela i-hypoxia. Ikakhulukazi,

• I-COPD (Isifo Esingapheli Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu)
• I-Emphysema
• Isifuba somoya

Abantu abanesifo senhliziyo noma samaphaphu basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-hypoxia.

Futhi, ezinye izifo ezifana ne-pneumonia, i-influenza, kanye ne-COVID-19 zingandisa le ngozi.

Iyini imiphumela kanye nezimpawu ze-hypoxia?

I-oksijini ibalulekile kumaseli omzimba wethu ukuze akhiqize amandla nokuthi izitho zethu nezicubu zisebenze kahle. Nakuba ezinye izicubu zingazivumelanisa nokwehla kwesikhashana kwamazinga e-oksijini, i-hypoxia ende ingalimaza izitho zomzimba. Ukulimala ebuchosheni nasenhliziyweni ikakhulukazi kuyingozi futhi kungaholela nasekufeni. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukuntuleka kwe-oksijini ebuchosheni ngokuthi i-cerebral hypoxia .

Izimpawu ze-hypoxia zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Kuya ngokuthi isimo sibucayi kangakanani, imbangela eyinhloko, nokuthi yiziphi izingxenye zomzimba ezithintekile. Lapho amazinga akho omoya-mpilo ehla, ungase uzizwe sengathi awukwazi ukuphefumula noma ukucabanga.

Nazi ezinye zezimpawu ezivamile ze-hypoxia:

• Isimo sengqondo sokungahlaliseki nokungahlaliseki.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu.
• Ukudideka kwengqondo, ukungakwazi ukuhlela imicabango yomuntu.
• Ukwesaba nokukhathazeka okuqhubekayo.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo (odokotela bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi i-tachycardia).
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-tachypnea).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukuphelelwa umoya (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-dyspnea).

Njengoba i-hypoxia iba nzima kakhulu, kungase kuvele ezinye izimpawu:

• Isilinganiso senhliziyo esihamba kancane (bradycardia).
• Ukucasuka ngokweqile.
• Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba, izindebe, kanye nezinzipho okwesibhakabhaka (okubizwa ngokuthi i-cyanosis). Lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esiyingozi kakhulu.

Okubalulekile: Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enalezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-hypoxia?

I-Hypoxia ivame ukubangelwa yisimo sezokwelapha esingaphansi esithinta ukujikeleza kwegazi noma ukuphefumula. Ezinye izimo ezingaholela ku-hypoxia zifaka:

• I-anemia - ukuntuleka kwegazi emzimbeni.
• Isifuba somoya.
• I-Bronchitis - Ukuvuvukala kwamapayipi e-bronchial.
• I-COPD (Isifo Esingapheli Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu) - Isifo samaphaphu sesikhathi eside.
• Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okubangelwa ukuzalwa.
• Ezinye izimo zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo (ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okubangelwa yi-congestive).
• I-Emphysema - ukulimala kwezikhwama zomoya emaphashini.
• I-pneumonia - Ingabangelwa amagciwane noma amagciwane.
• Umoya ogcwalisa isikhala esizungeze amaphaphu noma ukuwa kwamaphaphu (i-Pneumothorax).
• Ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu.
• I-embolism yamaphaphu.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wamaphaphu.
• I-pulmonary fibrosis - izibazi emaphashini.
• Ukuphefumula komoya.

Ungakhathazeki ngalolu hlu. Akuwona wonke umuntu onalokhu ozoba ne-hypoxia, kodwa ingozi ikhona.

Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko ze-hypoxia:

Ukuze amangqamuzana ezicutshini zethu athole umoya-mpilo kahle, kunezinto eziningana okudingeka zilunge:

1. Umoya esiwuphefumulayo kumele ube nomoya-mpilo owanele.

2. Ukusebenza kahle kwamaphaphu kuyadingeka ukuze kuthwalwe umoya-mpilo emasakeni ethu omoya (`alveoli`).

3. Udinga inhliziyo enempilo kanye nohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi ukuze uthwale igazi elinomoya-mpilo liye ezicutshini.

4. Kumelwe kube namaseli abomvu egazi anele ukuthwala umoya-mpilo.

5. Amaseli ezicutshini kumele abe nekhono lokusebenzisa umoya-mpilo.

Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo kunoma iyiphi yalezi zindawo kungabangela enye yezinhlobo ezine ze-hypoxia.

1. I-Hypoxia Ebangelwa Ukuntuleka Kokudla Okuningi

Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-hypoxia . Lokhu kwenzeka lapho kunokwehla kwenani lomoya-mpilo egazini (okuthiwa i-hypoxemia). Lesi simo singabangelwa izifo zamaphaphu nezenhliziyo, ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwa nakho, kanye neminye imithi ephefumula kancane. Futhi, uma uya endaweni ephakeme njengeNuwara Eliya, izinga lomoya-mpilo emoyeni liphansi, okungaholela ku-hypoxemia, okungaholela ku-hypoxia.

2. I-Hypoxia Yokujikeleza Kwegazi

Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-standing hypoxia noma i-ischemic hypoxia. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi igazi lakho lingase libe nomoya-mpilo omningi, kodwa uma inhliziyo yakho ingapompi igazi kahle, noma uma umthambo wegazi uvalekile ndawana thize, lowo moya-mpilo awufiki ezicutshini zakho. Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okuvalekile kanye nokuqhekeka kwegazi kwandisa ingozi yalolu hlobo lwe-hypoxia.

3. I-Anemic Hypoxia

Manje, abanye abantu bathi banomfutho wegazi ophansi, akunjalo? Lokho kusho ukuthi abanawo amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anele. Lawa maseli abomvu egazi yiwo athwala umoya-mpilo usuka emaphashini uye kuwo wonke umzimba. Ngakho-ke, uma ungenawo amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anele ukuthwala umoya-mpilo, okungukuthi, uma une-anemia, lolu hlobo lwe-hypoxia luyenzeka. Uma umzimba ungakhiqizi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anele, noma uma amangqamuzana abomvu egazi akhiqizwayo ekhubazekile, i-anemia ingenzeka.

4. I-Hypoxia Ebangelwa Yi-Histotoxic

Lokhu kuhlukile kancane. Lapha, amaphaphu akho athola umoya-mpilo owanele, kanti negazi lakho liyawuthola. Kodwa ngesizathu esithile, amangqamuzana asezicutshini awakwazi ukusebenzisa lowo moya-mpilo ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kufana nalokho okungenzeka uma udla ubuthi obufana ne-cyanide. Ngisho noma amangqamuzana ethola umoya-mpilo, awakwazi ukuwusebenzisa.

I-hypoxia itholakala kanjani?

Udokotela wakho uzokuhlola kuqala, alalele inhliziyo namaphaphu akho. Bangase bahlole nesikhumba sakho, izinzipho, nezindebe ukuze babone ukuthi ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangase bacele ezinye izivivinyo ukuze bahlole amazinga akho e-oxygen futhi bathole imbangela eyisisekelo ye-hypoxia:

• I-Pulse Oximetry: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okulula kakhulu, okungenabuhlungu. Inzwa encane iboshelwe emunweni wakho. Ilinganisa inani lomoya-mpilo egazini lakho. Cishe ukubonile lokhu izikhathi eziningi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi le-Arterial (ABG): Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha inani elincane legazi emthanjeni osesihlakaleni sakho, engalweni, noma esinqeni usebenzisa inalithi encane ukuhlola amazinga akho omoya-mpilo.
• Ukuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kwephaphu (PFT): Lokhu kuhilela ukuphefumula ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngomshini womlomo oxhunywe emshinini. Kukala ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Ukuhlolwa okufana ne-X-ray, i-CT scan, kanye ne-V/Q scan kuthatha izithombe zezitho zakho zangaphakathi. Lokhu kungasiza ekutholeni imbangela ye-hypoxia.
• Isivivinyo Sokuhamba Ngemizuzu Eyisithupha (6MWT): Lesi sivivinyo silinganisa ukuthi ungahamba ibanga elingakanani endaweni eyisicaba imizuzu eyisithupha. Lesi sivivinyo singakunikeza umbono wokusebenza kwamaphaphu akho kanye nenhliziyo.

Iphathwa kanjani i-hypoxia?

Ukwelashwa kwe-hypoxia kuncike embangela eyinhloko . Kungaba yisenzakalo esiyenzeka kanye noma isimo esingamahlalakhona. Izinketho zokwelapha zifaka:

• Imithi evula imigudu yakho yokuphefumula, njenge -steroids ephefumulwayo, yokwelapha i-asthma noma ezinye izifo zamaphaphu.
• Imithi enciphisa uketshezi oluningi emaphashini (ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Diuretics").
• Ukusebenzisa imaski ye-CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) ukwelapha i-sleep apnea.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwe -BiPAP® (BiLevel Positive Airway Pressure) (evame ukwaziwa ngegama lomkhiqizo i-BiPAP®) kwe-COPD kanye nezinye izimo ze-apnea yokulala.
• Umoya-mpilo owengeziwe we-hypoxia engapheli. Lokhu kuhilela ukunamathisela umshini womoya-mpilo, kungaba ngemaski noma ngepayipi, ekhaleni lakho ukuze kwandiswe inani lomoya-mpilo ofinyelela emaphashini akho nasemasakeni omoya (alveoli).
• Ezimweni ze-hypoxia ebukhali kakhulu, ukuphefumula ngomshini kungenziwa esibhedlela.

Ngingabhekana kanjani nezimpawu ze-hypoxia?

Uma uzizwa ungazinzile ezinyaweni zakho, ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho noma ukuphefumula kwakho kuyashesha, noma izinzipho zakho, izindebe, noma isikhumba sakho sibonakala siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kufanele nakanjani ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha . Uyazi ukuthini? I-Hypoxia yisimo esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Uma kungenjalo, ngezinye izikhathi ingalimaza izitho ezibalulekile emzimbeni wethu.

Ezimweni zesikhathi eside njenge-COPD, le hypoxia ingase iqhubeke, kodwa izimpawu zingase zingabi zimbi kangako. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi ungasiphatha kanjani isimo sakho futhi unciphise ingozi yamazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo. Ungalokothi uzishaye indiva izimpawu ezintsha. Uma ubona noma yini ehlukile, tshela udokotela wakho.

Indlela yokunciphisa ingozi ye-hypoxia?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa ingozi yakho ye-hypoxia ukuphatha kahle noma yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha ezingaphansi ezingase zinciphise amazinga akho e-oxygen. Uma unesifo senhliziyo noma samaphaphu, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela ezithile zokunciphisa ingozi yakho.

Khumbula ukuthi imithi ethile kanye nezimo ezifana nokuya ezindaweni eziphakeme kungandisa ingozi yokuntuleka kwe-hypoxia. Buza udokotela wakho ngezinyathelo ezikhethekile okufanele uzithathe lapho uhamba noma ushintsha imithi.

Ngiphila kanjani nalesi simo?

I-Hypoxia ivame ukudinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Udokotela wakho uzochaza imbangela eyinhloko nokuthi ungayiphatha kanjani kusukela ekuqaleni.

Kwezinye izimo, i-hypoxia iyaphela lapho isimo esiyisisekelo selashwa, okususa isidingo se-oxygen eyengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, i-oxygen eyengeziwe engapheli ingadingeka ukuvimbela i-hypoxia nokuvimbela ukulimala kwezicubu ngenxa yamazinga aphansi e-oxygen. Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngezinketho ezifanele wena.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Uma unesifo esiyisisekelo esibangele noma esingase sibangele i-hypoxia, ukulawula leso simo kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa ingozi yokuthi siphinde senzeke.

• Ungazinaki izimpawu ezintsha. Uma uzizwa sengathi kukhona okungahambi kahle, themba imizwa yakho bese ubona udokotela wakho noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) .
• Zinakekele. Uma une-asthma, qaphela izinto ezikubangelayo. Hlala uphethe i-rescue inhaler, uma udokotela wakho ekuyalele. Yenza izivivinyo zokuphefumula njengoba udokotela wakho ekuyalele.
• Gwema ukubhema nokusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi.Uma ubhema, ukuyeka ukubhema kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwamaphaphu akho futhi kuvimbele umonakalo owengeziwe.
• Phuza noma yimuphi umuthi owunikezwe udokotela wakho ngqo.
• Uma uya ezindaweni eziphakeme, yenza uhlelo. Ngisho nabantu abangenazo izimo zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo bangaba nobunzima bokuphefumula ezindaweni eziphakeme. Qonda ukuthi lokhu kuzokuthinta kanjani bese wenza uhlelo lokuzivumelanisa noshintsho. Cabanga nangokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma udinga iseluleko sezokwelapha. Zinike isikhathi esanele sokujwayela, uma kudingeka, futhi ulethe noma yimiphi imishini noma imithi eyengeziwe ongayidinga.

Kufanele ngiye nini eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (i-ETU) ?

I-Hypoxia yisimo esingasongela impilo. Uma unezimpawu ze-hypoxia, noma uma abanye bebona ushintsho olusheshayo ekuziphatheni kwakho noma ekuqondeni (ukudideka, ukucasuka, ukuqonda okushintshile), iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) ngokushesha. Uma unesifo esiqhubekayo sezokwelapha futhi izimpawu zakho ezivamile ziba zimbi ngokuzumayo, noma uma uba nezimpawu ezintsha ocabanga ukuthi zingaba yi-hypoxia, iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma wena noma othandekayo wakho kutholakala ukuthi une-hypoxia, nansi eminye imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho:

• Dokotela, ingabe lokhu kuntuleka komoya-mpilo kubangelwa esinye isifo esiyisisekelo?
• Ngingasilawula kanjani isimo sami ukuze nginciphise ingozi yami ye-hypoxia?
• Ingabe lokhu kubangele umonakalo ezithweni zami zomzimba, noma kube nezinye izinkinga?
• Ingabe kudingeka ngenze noma yiziphi izinguquko endleleni yami yokuphila ukuze nginciphise ingozi yokuntuleka kwe-hypoxia?
• Ingabe ukushintsha izinhlelo zami zokuhamba noma imithi yami kwandisa ingozi yami yokuntuleka kwe-hypoxia?

Okokugcina, khumbula (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Hypoxia yisimo esisongela ukuphila , kodwa ingelashwa ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo. Uma unesifo senhliziyo noma samaphaphu esikufaka engozini ye-hypoxia, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma ucabanga ukuthi amazinga akho omoya-mpilo aphansi.

Khumbula, wazi umzimba wakho kangcono. Ngakho-ke, uma unezimpawu ezikukhathazayo, ungangabazi ukushayela udokotela wakho ucingo ngokushesha noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) oseduze. Hlala uphilile!

I- Hypoxia, umoya-mpilo, ubunzima bokuphefumula, isifo samaphaphu, isifo senhliziyo, izimpawu, ukwelashwa