Uma unesifo somkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane, uya kudokotela womndeni wakho. Ngokuvamile kuba ngcono ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi akubi ngcono. Ezinye izifo ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kunzima ukuzixilonga, futhi aziphenduli emithini ejwayelekile. Yilapho-ke sidinga khona usizo lodokotela onolwazi olukhethekile. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngochwepheshe onjalo. Lowo nguDokotela Wezifo Ezithelelanayo (ID), noma njengoba sisho ngesiNgisi.
Ubani lochwepheshe wezifo ezithathelwanayo?
Kalula nje, lo udokotela othole ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ezifweni ezithelelanayo, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane angena emizimbeni yethu. Lawa magciwane ayizinto eziphilayo ezincane esingenakuzibona ngamehlo ethu. Kunezinhlobo ezine ngokuyinhloko.
- Amagciwane: Njengegciwane le-coronavirus kanye negciwane le-dengue.
- Amabhaktheriya: Kubangela izinto ezifana nokutheleleka komphimbo kanye nokutheleleka komgudu womchamo.
- Isikhunta: Kubangela izifo zesikhumba ezifana ne-ringworm.
- Izimuncagazi: Zibangela izinto ezifana nomalaleveva nezifo zezibungu.
Lezi zinto eziphilayo zikhona yonke indawo. Ngezinye izikhathi zihlala emizimbeni yethu ngaphandle kokubangela izinkinga. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zingena emizimbeni yethu zisigulise. Lezi zifo zingasukela emkhuhlaneni ovamile kuya ezimweni ezisongela ukuphila.
Kalula nje, laba odokotela abangochwepheshe bafana nabaseshi abafuna amagciwane emizimbeni yethu. Basebenzisa ngisho nemininingwane emincane emlandweni wezokwelapha wesiguli kanye nemibiko yelabhorethri ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela lesi sifo nokuthi bangasilawula kanjani.
Akudingeki ukuthi ubonane nochwepheshe kukho konke ukutheleleka onakho. Udokotela ojwayelekile angelapha izifo eziningi ezivame kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma ukutheleleka kungavamile , kuyinkimbinkimbi , kungathi sína , noma kungalapheki , khona-ke kungadingeka ukuthi ubonane nochwepheshe.
Iyini indima yalaba odokotela abangochwepheshe?
Laba odokotela bangochwepheshe ekuxilongeni, ekuphatheni, kanye nasekuphatheni izifo ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi nezingamahlalakhona. Bavame ukusebenza ngokubambisana nabanye ochwepheshe. Eminye yemisebenzi yabo eyinhloko ihlanganisa:
- Ukuxilongwa: Sisiza ekuxilongeni izifo ezinzima ukuxilonga, eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
- Ukuthola igciwane: Ukuthola ukuthi yiliphi igciwane elithile, amabhaktheriya, noma esinye isidalwa esibangela izimpawu zakho.
- Ukucwaninga:Sicwaninga ukuthi la magciwane athinta kanjani izingxenye ezahlukene zemizimba yethu nokuthi athinta kanjani umphakathi.
- Ukuqonda izifo ezintsha: Bahlala beqaphela izifo ezivelayo emhlabeni kanye namagciwane ashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Ubuchwepheshe kuma-Antibiotics kanye neMithi Yokugoma: Banolwazi olujulile ngama-Antibiotics, ama-Antiviral, kanye neMithi Yokugoma.
Kungani uthunyelwa kuchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelwanayo?
Ngokuvamile, udokotela womndeni wakho (uDokotela Wokunakekelwa Okuyinhloko - PCP) noma omunye uchwepheshe okwelaphayo uzokudlulisela kulolu hlobo lodokotela. Kungaba nezizathu eziningana zalokhu.
Cabanga ukuthi unesifo esingajwayelekile, esingabukeki kahle esikhumbeni sakho. Uma udokotela wakho wesikhumba esola ukuthi kuyisifo esingavamile, angakudlulisela kuchwepheshe wezifo ezithelelanayo. Isibonelo, uma othile ebelokhu ehlushwa yi-pneumonia isikhathi eside, udokotela wezifo zamaphaphu angaxhumana nochwepheshe wezifo ezithelelanayo.
Ithebula elingezansi lingachaza lokhu kabanzi.
| Isizathu sokudlulisela | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuxilongwa okuyinkimbinkimbi | Uma kusolwa ukuthi kukhona ukutheleleka noma igciwane elingavamile, okunzima ukulithola. |
| Umkhuhlane ongachazeki | Umkhuhlane ophakeme oqhubekayo ongenambangela ecacile (Umkhuhlane Ongaziwa). |
| Ukumelana nama-antibiotic | Uma ama-antibiotic anikezwayo engakwazi ukulawula ukutheleleka, funa iseluleko ngezinye izindlela zokwelapha. |
| Ukutheleleka kwesikhathi eside | Ukuphatha izifo ezidinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile kwesikhathi eside, njenge-HIV/AIDS kanye ne-Hepatitis. |
| Izifo ezenzeka ngemva kokuhamba | Izimpawu ezingavamile ezenzeka ngemva kokuhamba phesheya (isib. umalaleveva, i-typhoid). |
| Inani eliphezulu lamaseli amhlophe egazi | Uma inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi liphakeme emibikweni yegazi, hlola ukutheleleka okuyisisekelo. |
Yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha ezivamile abazelaphayo?
Kunezinkulungwane zezifo ezithelelanayo emhlabeni. Nazi ezinye zezifo ochwepheshe bezifo ezithelelanayo abavame ukuzelapha:
- I-HIV/AIDS: Igciwane le-Human Immunodeficiency kanye ne-AIDS.
- Isifo Sofuba (TB): Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane okuthinta kakhulu amaphaphu.
- I-Hepatitis B kanye ne-C: Ukutheleleka ngegciwane okuthinta isibindi.
- I-Meningitis: Ukutheleleka okukhulu okubangela ukuvuvukala kwama-membrane amboze ubuchopho nomgogodla.
- Isifo seLyme: Isifo esithwalwa yizimpukane.
- I-Complicated Pneumonia: Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu okungaphenduli ekwelashweni okujwayelekile.
- Ukutheleleka Kwamathambo Namalunga: Kufana ne-Osteomyelitis.
- Izifo Ezithathelwana Ngocansi (ama-STI): Eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezinzima ukwelapha amacala.
- I-Clostridium difficile (C. diff): Ukutheleleka okukhulu kwamathumbu.
- Imithi Yokuhamba: Izifo ezifana nomalaleveva, udenga, kanye ne-typhoid.
Yini okufanele uyilindele uma uvakashela lo dokotela?
Uma uvakashela uchwepheshe onjengalona, uzokubuza umbuzo onemininingwane eminingi mayelana nomlando wakho wezokwelapha ophelele kanye nezimpawu. Eminye yemibuzo ongase ubuzwe yona yile:
- Izimpawu: Yiziphi izimpawu onazo? Ziqale nini? Ingabe ziya ziba zimbi noma zingcono?
- Umlando wezokwelapha: Yiziphi izifo, ukuhlinzwa, kanye nemithi oke waba nayo ngaphambilini?
- Indawo kanye nendlela yokuphila: Uyini umsebenzi wakho? Uke wahamba noma yikuphi muva nje, ikakhulukazi kwelinye izwe? Unezilwane ezifuywayo ekhaya? Uchitha isikhathi esiningi ungaphandle?
Ngemva kwale mibuzo, udokotela uzokuxilonga ngokomzimba. Ngemuva kwalokho, uzokuyala ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuze kutholakale isimo esiqondile.
Ukuhlolwa abangase baku-ode
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola ukutheleleka, inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi, kanye nama-antibodies kumagciwane athile.
- Ukuhlolwa komchamo: Ukuthola izinto ezifana nokutheleleka komgudu womchamo.
- Amasampula endle: Hlola izifo zamathumbu noma izimuncagazi.
- Ama-swab omphimbo : Thola amagciwane abangela izifo zomphimbo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezicubu: Ukuthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu endaweni ethelelekile ukuze ihlolwe.
- Ukuskena izithombe: Ama-X-ray, ama-CT scan, kanye nama-MRI scan angasetshenziswa ukubona ukuthi ukutheleleka kusakazeke kanjani emzimbeni.
- Ukubhoboza umgogodla/umgogodla: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa uma kukhona okusolakala ukuthi kukhona ukutheleleka kobuchopho noma komgogodla (njenge-meningitis).
Uba kanjani uchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelwanayo?
Lolu uhambo olude kakhulu noluzinikele. Laba odokotela baneziqu zobudokotela njengabanye odokotela, kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, baqeqeshwa iminyaka eminingi kwi-immunology kanye ne-epidemiology.
- I-Immunology: Ucwaningo lokuthi amasosha omzimba wethu asebenza kanjani nokuthi amagciwane ayawuthinta kanjani.
- I-Epidemiology: Isayensi ehlola ukuthi kungani izifo zisakazeka kanjani emphakathini, nokuthi yiziphi izinto eziwuthonyayo.
Kalula nje, bachitha iminyaka eminingana kwezokwelapha kwangaphakathi ngemva kwesikole sezokwelapha, kulandele iminyaka emibili noma ngaphezulu yokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kwezifo ezithelelanayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, banolwazi olukhulu ngamagciwane nokuthi athinta kanjani imizimba yethu.
Uma unesifo esithathelwanayo udokotela wakho ojwayelekile enenkinga yokusixilonga noma yokuselapha, angakudlulisela kuchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelwanayo. Bazosebenzisana nodokotela wakho kanye nabanye abahlinzeki bezempilo ukuze baphathe isimo sakho futhi bakusize uphinde ululame.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Udokotela wezifo ezithelelanayo uchwepheshe owelapha izifo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezingavamile, noma ezingamahlalakhona ezibangelwa amagciwane.
- Akudingeki ukuthi ubonane nodokotela uma unesifo esivamile. Ngokuvamile uthunyelwa udokotela womndeni wakho.
- Ubuchwepheshe babo bubalulekile ezimweni ezifana nomkhuhlane ongachazeki, izifo ezingamelani nama-antibiotic, i-HIV/AIDS, kanye nesifo sofuba.
- Bazobuza ngomlando wakho ophelele ukuze baxilonge lesi sifo futhi bangase bacele ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene.
- Bafana “nabaseshi bezokwelapha” abafuna izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Basebenza nodokotela wakho oyinhloko ukuze bakunikeze ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu.
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