Ingabe ukuthola kunzima nokuphefumula uma ukhathele kancane, uma ukhuphuka izitebhisi? Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi ukhwehlela njalo, okomile ngaphandle kwe-phlegm ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile? Sivame ukukhohlwa ukuthi lezi zimpawu ziwukukhathala okuvamile noma ukungezwani komzimba okuncane. Kodwa-ke, zingaba izimpawu zokuqala zezinguquko ezinkulu ezenzeka emaphashini ethu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesinye sezimo ezinjalo, i-Interstitial Lung Disease, noma i-ILD ngamafuphi.
Kalula nje, siyini isifo samaphaphu esingaphakathi (ILD)?
Cabanga ngamaphaphu ethu njengeziponji ezimbili ezigcwele izigidi zamabhamuza amancane omoya. Lawa ma-air sac amancane abizwa ngokuthi ama-alveoli . Uma siphefumula, umoya-mpilo esiwuthathayo ufakwa egazini lethu ngalezi zikhwama zomoya. Futhi i-carbon dioxide engadingeki egazini nayo ikhishwa ngalezi zikhwama zomoya.
Manje, phakathi kwalezi zikhwama zomoya, njengodaka oluphakathi kwezitini odongeni lwezitini, kukhona inethiwekhi yezicubu ezithambile. Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-interstitium . Ku-ILD, le nethiwekhi yezicubu ezithambile iyalimala, noma yonakale, futhi kancane kancane iyanda, iqine, futhi kwenzeka izibazi (fibrosis) .
Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, amaphaphu ethu alahlekelwa ukuguquguquka kwawo, abe yi-sponge futhi abe lukhuni futhi aqine. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi i-Pulmonary Fibrosis . Kodwa khumbula, akuzona zonke i-ILD eziyi-Pulmonary Fibrosis, kodwa i-Pulmonary Fibrosis uhlobo lwe-ILD.
Uma izicubu zamaphaphu ziqina ngale ndlela, ukudlula komoya-mpilo kusuka ezikhwameni zomoya kuya egazini kuyavaleka. Ngenxa yalokho, umzimba wethu awutholi inani lomoya-mpilo olidingayo. Lesi yisona sizathu esiyinhloko sezimpawu ezifana nokuphelelwa umoya nokukhathala.
I-ILD ayisona isifo esisodwa. Kunezimo ezingaphezu kuka-200 ezihlukaniswe ngaleli gama. Isici esivamile sazo zonke ukulimala kwezicubu zangaphakathi kwamaphaphu.
Ziyini izimpawu zomuntu one-ILD?
Izimpawu ze-ILD zingase zingabi zimbi kakhulu ekuqaleni. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni, lezi zimpawu ziyanda kancane kancane. Lezi yizimpawu abantu abaningi ababhekana nazo.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuphelelwa umoya | Ekuqaleni, kuzwakala kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzikhandla, njengalapho uzivocavoca noma ukhuphuka izitebhisi. Kodwa njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, kungaba nzima ukuphefumula ngisho noma umi nje. |
| Ukukhwehlela okomile | Lokhu kuyimpawu enkulu kubantu abaningi. Kuvela njengokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo okungakhiqizi amafinyila. |
| Ukukhathala | Ngenxa yokuthi umzimba awutholi inani elidingekayo lomoya-mpilo, ungase uzizwe ukhathele njalo futhi ungakwazi ukwenza lutho. |
| Ukungakhululeki esifubeni | Abanye abantu bangase bezwe ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuqina. |
Uma unalezi zimpawu, ungacabangi ukuthi une-ILD. Kodwa ungazinaki futhi. Kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho , ikakhulukazi uma uphefumula kanzima futhi ukhwehlela okomile osekuphele izinyanga .
Kungani lolu hlobo lokugula luvela? Ziyini izimbangela?
Izimbangela ze-ILD zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: izimbangela ezaziwayo kanye nezimbangela ezingaziwa/ezingaqondakali .
1. Izimbangela Ezaziwayo
Lokhu kusho ukuthi singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi, "Yilokhu okubangele lesi sifo."
- Izifo Zezicubu Ezizivikela Ngokuzenzakalelayo Noma Ezixhumene Nazo: Ngezinye izikhathi amasosha omzimba wethu aqala ukuhlasela izicubu zomzimba wethu ezinempilo. Abantu abanezimo ezifana ne -Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) , i-Lupus , ne-Scleroderma basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-ILD.
- Ukuchayeka emsebenzini kanye nemvelo: Ezinye zezinhlayiya zothuli esiziphefumulayo zingabangela umonakalo wesikhathi eside emaphashini.
- Uthuli lwe-silica: Kulabo abasebenza ezindaweni zokumba, ezimayini, kanye nasezimbonini zobumba.
- Imicu ye-asbestos:Kulabo ababhidliza izakhiwo ezindala, abasebenza embonini yokuthumela impahla, futhi abasebenza ngama-brake pad kwezinye izimoto.
- Uthuli lwezinhlayiya, utshani, indle yezinyoni: Isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis esingaba khona kubantu abalima noma abafuya izilwane.
- Isikhunta kanye nesikhunta: Kulabo abasebenza ezindaweni ezinomswakama, ezingenamoya omuhle.
- Eminye imithi kanye nokwelashwa:
- Imithi efana ne -amiodarone, esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezithile zenhliziyo.
- Eminye imithi yokulwa nomdlavuza (imithi ye-Chemotherapy) .
- Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza webele noma wamaphaphu.
- Ezinye izifo: Ukusha kwamaphaphu kungenzeka ngisho nangemva kokutheleleka okukhulu njengesifo sofuba kanye ne-pneumonia .
2. Izimbangela ezingakaziwa (Idiopathic)
Ezimweni eziningi, akukho sizathu esithile esingatholakala se-ILD. Isiguli asinaso esinye isifo noma ukuchayeka entweni eyingozi, kodwa izicubu zamaphaphu zinesibazi. Lezi zimo sizibiza ngokuthi idiopathic , okusho ukuthi "imbangela engaziwa."
Okuvame kakhulu futhi okunamandla kakhulu kwalokhu yi -Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) .
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-ILD?
Nakuba noma ubani angaba ne-ILD, abanye abantu bathambekele kakhulu kuyo.
| Isici sengozi | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ubudala | Izinhlobo eziningi ze-ILD zivame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-70. |
| Ubufazi/ubudoda | Ezinye izinhlobo ze-ILD, ikakhulukazi i-IPF, zivame kakhulu kwabesilisa kunakwabesifazane. |
| Ukubhema | Abantu ababhemayo noma abake babhema esikhathini esidlule basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-ILD. |
| Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha | Izifo ezifana nezifo zokuzivikela komzimba okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla, i-COPD, kanye ne-hepatitis C. |
| Umsebenzi kanye nendawo ezungezile | Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezifana ne-asbestos ne-silica. |
| Umlando womndeni | Uma othile emndenini eke waba ne-ILD, ingozi ingase ikhuphuke kancane. |
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma ubona udokotela onezimpawu ozishilo ngenhla, uzokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuze athole lesi sifo ngokunembile.
1. Ukukubuza ngezimpawu zakho: Okokuqala, bazokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, usuku ezaqala ngalo, ukuthi zaba zimbi kangakanani, njll. Bazobuza nangomsebenzi wakho, ukuthi ukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nezifo ezifanayo, nokuthi yimiphi eminye imithi oyiphuzayo.
2. Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Udokotela uzobeka i-stethoscope esifubeni sakho futhi alalele imisindo oyenzayo uma uphefumula. Abantu abaningi abane-ILD bezwa "ukuqhekeka" emaphashini abo, njenge-Velcro evuliwe .
3. Ukuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kwephaphu (PFT): Kulesi sivivinyo, ucelwa ukuthi uphefumulele ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngepayipi elixhunywe emshinini. Lokhu kuhlolwa kulinganisa ukuthi amaphaphu akho angabamba umoya ongakanani nokuthi ungawukhipha ngokushesha kangakanani. Ku-ILD, amandla amaphaphu ayancipha.
4. Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe:
- I-X-ray yesifuba: I-X-ray yesifuba inganikeza umbono oqondile wokuthi ngabe kukhona yini izibazi emaphashini.
- Iskeni se-CT (HRCT) Esinesisombululo Esiphezulu: Lesi isivivinyo esibaluleke kakhulu sokuxilonga i-ILD. Singaveza izithombe ezicacile kakhulu nezinemininingwane eminingi kuneskeni se-CT esivamile. Singabonisa kangcono uhlobo lwezibazi emaphashini nokuthi zisakazeke kanjani (amaphethini anjenge-"honeycombing").
5. Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Amasampula egazi ayahlolwa ukuze kutholakale ezinye izimo zezokwelapha, njengezifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba.
6. I-Bronchoscopy: Kwezinye izimo, ipayipi elincane elinekhamera enamathiselwe lidluliselwa emaphashini ngekhala noma ngomlomo, lapho lihlolwa khona ngaphakathi bese kuthathwa isampula yezicubu (i-biopsy).
7.I-Biopsy Yokuhlinzwa: Uma ukuhlolwa okungenhla kungaphelele, kwenziwa inqubo encane yokuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe ingxenye encane yezicubu emaphashini ukuze kuhlolwe.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-ILD?
Ngeshwa, okwamanje akukho ukwelashwa kwe-ILD, okusho ukuthi akukho ukwelashwa kwezibazi ezenzeka emaphashini. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezingasiza ekulawuleni ukuqhubeka kwesifo, ukunciphisa izimpawu, nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakho. Ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-ILD onayo, ubukhali besifo, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuxilonga lesi sifo kusenesikhathi bese uqala ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi. Lokhu kunganciphisa umonakalo owengeziwe emaphashini.
Nazi ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko:
- Imithi:
- Ama-Corticosteroids: Imithi efana ne-Prednisolone inciphisa ukuvuvukala emaphashini.
- Imithi yokulwa ne-fibrotic: Imithi efana ne-Pirfenidone ne-Nintedanib inganciphisa izinga lokulimala kwamaphaphu. Lokhu kunikezwa ikakhulukazi iziguli ezine-IPF.
- Ama-Immunosuppressants: Abantu abane-ILD ngenxa yezifo ezibangelwa amasosha omzimba banikezwa imithi enciphisa ukusebenza kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.
- Ukwelashwa Nge-Oxygen: Kubantu abanamazinga aphansi e-oxygen egazini, i-oxygen eyengeziwe inikezwa ngethubhu yekhala noma imaski yobuso. Lokhu kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuphelelwa umoya nokukhathala.
- Ukuvuselelwa Kwemiphunga: Lokhu kufana 'nokwelashwa ngokuzivocavoca' kwamaphaphu. Ithimba eliqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile lizokunikeza izivivinyo zokuphefumula, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, kanye nezeluleko zokudla okunempilo. Lokhu kuzokwandisa amandla akho futhi kukusize uphile nezimpawu zakho.
- Ukufakelwa Amaphaphu: Kulabo abanesifo esibi kakhulu futhi esingenakulawulwa nganoma yiluphi olunye ukwelashwa, indlela yokugcina iwukufaka amaphaphu aphilile.
Yini engingayenza ngesikhathi ngihlala ne-ILD?
Kuvamile ukuzizwa udabuke futhi wesaba uma uthola ukuxilongwa kwe-ILD. Kodwa-ke, ngokwenza izinguquko ezincane endleleni yakho yokuphila nokulandela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho, ungaphila impilo enhle ngalesi sifo.
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele: Uma ubhema, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuyeka namuhla.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo: Ukudla ukudla okunempilo kusiza ekugcineni amandla omzimba.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo:Buza udokotela wakho bese uvivinya umzimba okulula okukufanele. Ngisho nento efana nokuhamba kwanele.
- Phumula: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza umzimba ukuphumula okudingayo.
- Zivikele ezifweni: Gqoka imaski yobuso uma uya ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, geza izandla zakho njalo, futhi ukhulume nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthola imijovo ye-pneumonia kanye ne-influenza.
- Cabanga ngomsebenzi wakho: Uma umsebenzi wakho uhilela ukuphefumula izinto eziyingozi emaphashini akho, ungase uthande ukucabanga ngokusebenzisa izindlela eziphephile noma ukushintsha imisebenzi.
Khumbula, awuwedwa. Khuluma nodokotela wakho, umndeni wakho, nabangani bakho ngemizwa yakho. Funa iseluleko uma kudingeka.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo samaphaphu esibizwa ngokuthi i-Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) yiqembu lezimo ezibangela ukuthi izicubu ziqine futhi zibe nesibazi phakathi kwezikhwama zomoya zamaphaphu.
- Izimpawu eziyinhloko ukuphelelwa umoya njalo kanye nokukhwehlela okomile okuhlala izinyanga.
- Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha, ukuchayeka emsebenzini, kanye neminye imithi kungabangela lokhu , futhi ngokuvamile akukho sizathu esithile esingatholakala.
- Nakuba umonakalo emaphashini obangelwa yi-ILD ungenakuguqulwa, ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungalawula lesi sifo futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphila.
- Uma unezimpawu ezingenhla, ungesabi noma ungazazinaki, kodwa bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha okukhulu bese ucela iseluleko sezokwelapha.
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