Kuyini iBone Marrow? Kungani ibaluleke kangaka emizimbeni yethu?

Cishe uke wezwa nge-'Bone Marrow', akunjalo? Mhlawumbe kudokotela, noma mhlawumbe ku-TV. Empeleni kuyinto emangalisayo kakhulu emathanjeni ethu, into ebalulekile emizimbeni yethu. Ungakhathazeki, yize lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyinto enkulu, namuhla sizokhuluma ngakho kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Uyini ngempela umongo wethambo?

Kulungile, ake siqale sibheke ukuthi iyini le 'bone marrow' . Kalula nje, yingxenye ethambile, efana nesiponji, efana nejeli ngaphakathi kwamathambo ethu. Wake wawubona yini umongo ngaphakathi kwamathambo ezilwane (isibonelo, ithambo lethanga uma udla inkukhu)? Yilokho okuyikho. NgesiNgisi, kubizwa ngokuthi 'bone marrow'. Kuzwakala sengathi 'me-ro' .

Lo mnkantsha awukho kuwo wonke amathambo emzimbeni wethu, kodwa utholakala kakhulu emathanjeni amakhulu, amade emzimbeni wethu. Isibonelo, ethanjeni lakho lethanga, ethanjeni lesinqe, ethanjeni le-sternum, nasezimbanjeni. Nakuba amathambo amaningi ezinganeni ezincane enalo mnkantsha, njengoba sikhula, okungukuthi, njengoba sifika ebusheni, amanye amathambo ayashintsha futhi agcwale amaseli amafutha. Kodwa ezindaweni ezifana nethambo lesinqe nethambo lesinqe, lo mnkantsha obalulekile uhlala usebenza impilo yonke.

Ubuwazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili zomnkantsha wamathambo?

Yebo, empeleni kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zomongo wamathambo emzimbeni wethu. Enye iwumongo wamathambo obomvu , kanti enye iwumongo wamathambo ophuzi . Zombili lezi zinemisebenzi ehlukene kancane.

I-Red Bone Marrow – Ifektri yethu yokwenza igazi!

Lo mnkantsha obomvu yilokho umzimba wethu okudingayo, futhi wenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu. Ukhiqiza zonke izinhlobo zamaseli egazi emzimbeni wethu. Cabanga ngakho njengefektri enkulu, ekhiqiza njalo amaseli egazi esiwadingayo. Ayini lawa maseli egazi?

• Amaseli Egazi Abomvu (ama-RBC): Lawa ngamaseli athwala umoya-mpilo emizimbeni yethu yonke. Cabanga ngawo njengamaloli amancane athatha umoya-mpilo emaphashini bese ewuyisa kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni. Lo moya-mpilo yiwona osinika amandla, osivumela ukuba siphefumule, futhi osivumela ukuthi senze umsebenzi. Uma la maseli ephansi, sizizwa sikhathele futhi ngezinye izikhathi siba nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-anemia.

• Amaseli Amhlophe Egazi (ama-WBC): Lawa afana nonogada bomzimba wethu. Njengamasosha namaphoyisa ezweni lakithi. Lapho izinto ezibangela izifo ezifana namagciwane, amabhaktheriya, namagciwane zingena emzimbeni, la maseli amhlophe ayalwa nawo, awabhubhise, futhi asisindise ezifweni. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zala maseli amhlophe egazi, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lunomsebenzi othize. Isibonelo, ama-neutrophils nama-lymphocyte.

• Ama-platelet:Elinye iqembu elibalulekile yilawa ma-platelet. Uma unenxeba elincane, ukusikeka, igazi elithile lizogeleza bese liyeka ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lawa ma-platelet ayasiza ngalokho. Abakwenzayo ukuthi afike endaweni yokopha bese ehlangana ndawonye, ​​akhe ihlule legazi, avale inxeba bese emisa ukopha. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngisho nenxeba elincane lingaba yinkinga enkulu, akunjalo? Uma kunokulahleka kwegazi okuningi, kuyingozi.

Ngakho-ke, lo mnkantsha obomvu yiwona owenza zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli futhi ugcine uhlelo lwethu lwegazi luphilile. Yingakho amathambo amaningi ezinganeni ezincane egcwele lo mnkantsha obomvu, ngoba akhula ngokushesha futhi adinga amaseli amaningi egazi.

Umnkantsha Ophuzi – Ukugcinwa Kwamafutha

Umnkantsha ophuzi wenziwe kakhulu ngamaseli amafutha. Lokhu kufana nesitolo samandla somzimba wethu. Lawa mafutha angaguqulwa abe amandla uma kudingeka. Futhi, esimweni esiphuthumayo, isibonelo, uma kukhona ukuphuma kwegazi okukhulu, lo mnkantsha ophuzi ungaphenduka ube umnkantsha obomvu futhi usize ekwakheni amaseli egazi. Akumangalisi yini? Njengoba sikhula, amanye amathambo anomnkantsha ophuzi omningi kunemnkantsha obomvu.

Kungani umnkantsha ubaluleke kangaka kithi? – Imisebenzi yawo eyinhloko

Manje cishe usuyaqonda ukuthi umnkantsha wamathambo ubaluleke kangakanani emizimbeni yethu. Ake sibukeze eminye yemisebenzi yawo eyinhloko:

1. Ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli egazi: Lona umsebenzi oyinhloko nobaluleke kakhulu. Zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli egazi, amaseli abomvu, amaseli amhlophe, nama-platelet, akhiqizwa umnkantsha wamathambo.

2. Ukusiza ngokuthuthwa komoya-mpilo: Amaseli abomvu ahlinzeka ngomoya-mpilo kuwo wonke umzimba.

3. Ukugcina amasosha omzimba ephilile: Amaseli amhlophe asivikela ezifweni.

4. Ukulawula ukopha: Ama-platelet amisa ukopha ngokweqile ngokujiya kwegazi.

5. Ikhaya Lama-Stem Cell: Ngaphakathi komnkantsha, kukhona uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli olubizwa ngokuthi 'ama-Stem Cell' . La maseli awakwazi nje ukuba yinoma yiluphi uhlobo lweseli legazi, kodwa futhi angaba ezinye izinhlobo zamaseli emzimbeni. Yingakho 'i-Stem Cell Transplant' isetshenziswa njengokwelapha ezinye izifo.

Kalula nje, umongo wamathambo uyisitho esibalulekile ukuze siphile. Ufana nefektri encane, kodwa enamandla kakhulu emzimbeni wethu.

Ingabe izinkinga zomnkantsha zingaba khona? – Ezinye zezinkinga ezivamile

Njenganoma iyiphi enye ingxenye yomzimba wethu, umnkantsha ngezinye izikhathi ungadala izinkinga nezifo. Uma lokho kwenzeka, kungathinta wonke umzimba wethu, njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi kuphazamiseka. Ake sibheke ezinye zezinkinga ezinkulu ezingase zivele:

• I-leukemia: Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvela emnkantsheni wethambo. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi umnkantshe ukhiqiza inani elikhulu lamaseli amhlophe egazi angajwayelekile, angenamsebenzi. Lawa maseli angajwayelekile anciphisa nokukhiqizwa kwamaseli egazi anempilo.
• I-Lymphoma:Lolu futhi uhlobo lomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, luqala emangqamuzaneni amhlophe egazi abizwa ngokuthi ama-lymphocyte, ayingxenye yesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Njengoba la ma-lymphocyte etholakala nasemongweni wethambo, i-lymphoma ingathinta nomnkantsha wethambo.
• I-Aplastic Anemia: Kulesi simo, umongo awukwazi ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana amasha egazi anele (amangqamuzana abomvu, amangqamuzana amhlophe, nama-platelet). Kufana nokuthi ifektri ivaliwe.
• I-Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS): Lapha, nakuba umongo wamathambo ukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi, amangqamuzana awakhiqizayo awakhuliswa kahle, noma umsebenzi wawo uyaphazamiseka. Kufana nokulungisa imishini ephukile.
• I-Multiple Myeloma: Lona umdlavuza okhula emnkantsheni wamathambo ohlanganisa amangqamuzana e-plasma (uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi).
• Ezinye izimbangela: Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo ezithile, imithi ethile (ikakhulukazi i-chemotherapy), ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye nokuntuleka kokudla okunempilo (isib. i-vitamin B12, i-folate, ukuntuleka kwensimbi) nakho kungathinta ukusebenza komnkantsha wamathambo.

Uma lesi simo sivela, kungase kube nezimpawu ezifana nokukhathala, ukugula njalo, ukuphaphatheka, kanye nokopha igazi.

Uthola kanjani ukuthi kunenkinga ngomnkantsha? - Ukuxilongwa

Uma udokotela esola ukuthi othile unenkinga yomnkantsha, uzokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuze athole ukuthi iyini ngempela.

• Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Into yokuqala oyoyenza ukubala igazi eligcwele (i-FBC). Lokhu kuzohlola inani lamaseli abomvu, amaseli amhlophe, nama-platelet egazini lakho. Uma kunomehluko omkhulu kulezi zinombolo, kungaba yinkinga ngomnkantsha wakho wethambo.
• Ukufutha Umongo Wethambo Nokuhlolwa Kwe-Biopsy: Lolu vivinyo oluyinhloko olusetshenziselwa ukuthola isimo esiqondile somongo wethambo. Lapha, isampula encane yomongo wethambo isuswa kusetshenziswa isirinji encane, ngokuvamile endaweni efana nethambo lesinqe. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'Ukufutha Umongo Wethambo' kanye 'ne-Biopsy' . Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale njengokuhlolwa okubuhlungu, odokotela bayakwenza ukuze kungabi buhlungu ngangokunokwenzeka. Isampula bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuhlola uhlobo nosayizi wamaseli.

Lezi zivivinyo zinganquma ukuthi hlobo luni lwenkinga olukhona emnkantsheni wethambo.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izifo zomnkantsha wamathambo?

Uma isifo somnkantsha sesitholakele, ukwelashwa kuncike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwesifo, ubudala besiguli, kanye nempilo yaso iyonke. Nazi ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko:

• Imithi: Kwezinye izimo, kunikezwa imithi evuselela umongo wamathambo futhi yandise ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli egazi. Ezimweni zomdlavuza, kusetshenziswa imithi enamandla efana ne -chemotherapy .
• Ukumpontshelwa Igazi:Uma inani lamaseli egazi liphansi kakhulu, kwenziwa ukumpontshelwa igazi kwangaphandle (amaseli abomvu, ama-platelet).
• Ukufakelwa Kwe-Bone Marrow / Ukufakelwa Kwe-Stem Cell: Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kuhilela ukususa umongo wethambo onesifo bese uwushintsha ngamaseli omongo wethambo anempilo (noma amaseli omongo). Lawa maseli anempilo angavela kumnikeli ofanayo, noma ngezinye izikhathi esigulini uqobo. Nakuba lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha enkulu futhi eyinselele, ikwazile ukwelapha ezinye izifo ezinkulu zomongo wethambo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezifana nokunakekelwa okusekelayo kanye nezeluleko zokudla okunempilo nazo zibalulekile.

Yini esingayenza ukuze sigcine umnkantsha wethu uphilile?

Njengoba umongo uyinto etholakala emzimbeni, ungase uzibuze ukuthi udinga ukwenza noma yini ekhethekile ukuze uwulondoloze. Eqinisweni, ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo iyona nto engcono kakhulu empilweni yomongo.

• Ukudla okunempilo: Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo okuqukethe izakhamzimba ezifana ne-iron, i-vitamin B12, kanye ne-folic acid. Ukudla okufana nemifino eluhlaza, imifino, izithelo, inyama, inhlanzi, kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi kuyasiza kulokhu.
• Gwema izinto eziyingozi: Gwema ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali anobuthi kanye nemisebe engadingekile ngangokunokwenzeka. Izinto ezifana nokubhema nazo ziyingozi.
• Iseluleko sezokwelapha: Uma unezimpawu (isib. ukukhathala okuqhubekayo, ukugula njalo), noma uma kukhona emndenini wakho oye waba nesifo somnkantsha, bona udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Ngakho-ke, namuhla sikhulume kakhulu ngomnkantsha, akunjalo?

Umnkantsha ufana nefektri encane emzimbeni wethu eyenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu buthule, isigcina siphila. Asinakuphila ngaphandle kwamangqamuzana egazi akhiqizwayo.

• Kalula nje, umongo wamathambo uyingxenye efana nesiponji ngaphakathi kwamathambo ethu eyenza zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zamangqamuzana egazi: amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet.
• Lawa maseli egazi asiza ekuthwaleni umoya-mpilo emizimbeni yethu, asivikele ezifweni, futhi amise ukopha .
• Ngezinye izikhathi, umongo ungadala izifo (njenge-leukemia), kodwa lezi zingaphathwa ngokuhlolwa nokwelashwa okufanele kwezokwelapha .
• Ukuphila impilo enempilo kubalulekile nasempilweni yomnkantsha.

Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, ungesabi ukubuza udokotela. Lapho sazi okwengeziwe ngemizimba yethu, kulapho sinakekela khona impilo yethu.

Umnkantsha wethambo , Amaseli egazi, Amaseli abomvu egazi, Amaseli amhlophe egazi, Ama-platelet, I-Leukemia, Ukufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo